Capturas de peces con diferentes artes de pesca asociadas a variables limnológicas de la laguna Gómez (Junín)

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un año de muestreos de peces con red de arrastre costero y trampa para peces y se relacionan sus capturas con variables limnológicas. La CPUE fue mayor con la trampa (255,34) que con los arrastres costeros (151,08) en cambio se capturaron menor cantidad de especies (12 y 15 respectivamente). La especie más abundante para los dos artes de pesca fue el porteño, 41,34% con el arrastre y 83,34% con la trampa. La composición de especies varió estacionalmente, y la riqueza y abundancia de peces aumentó significativamente con la temperatura del agua (r=0,66 y r=0,57 respectivamente; ambos p<0,05). Este patrón o tendencia estacional se observó con los arrastres pero no con la trampa.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Mycophenolate or tacrolimus compared with cyclophosphamide for the management of lupus nephritis: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Objetivo:Realizar un metaanálisis de experimentos clínicos controlados comparando tasas de respuesta en remisión completa y parcial, además de efectos secundarios entre micofenolato (MF) y tacrolimus comparado con ciclofosfamida (CY), para el manejo de nefritis lúpica. Materiales y métodos:Se identificaron experimentos clínicos a través de bases de datos de MEDLINE usando buscadores de PubMed, OVID y de Cochrane, LILACS, EMBASE, Academia de Medicina de Nueva York y resúmenes de congresos del ACR, EULAR, GLADEL. Los datos fueron extraídos independientemente por 2 revisores. Resultados:Para la comparación MF vs. CY se obtuvieron 9 experimentos clínicos, para un total de 812 pacientes, evidenciando que MF tiene similar eficacia que CY en términos de remisión completa y parcial. No hubo diferencia en síntomas gastrointestinales, leucopenia ni en muertes. Hay menor riesgo de irregularidades menstruales (RR: 0,38; IC del 95%: 0,20-0,73), infecciones (RR: 0,64; IC del 95%: 0,45-0,91) y menor riesgo de alopecia, (RR: 0,25; IC del 95%: 0,16-0,38) en el grupo de MF. Para la comparación tacrolimus vs. CY, se obtuvieron 3 experimentos clínicos, para un total de 146 pacientes, evidenciando que tacrolimus tiene similar eficacia que CY en remisión completa y parcial; en el desenlace respuesta (remisión completa+parcial) se evidencia mayor beneficio de tacrolimus sobre CY (RR: 1,21; IC del 95%: 1,02-1,45). No hubo diferencia en toxicidad entre tacrolimus y CY. Conclusiones:MF, tacrolimus y CY tienen similares tasas de remisión; sin embargo, hay mayor beneficio en respuesta al comparar tacrolimus vs. CY. Comparando MF con CY hay menor riesgo de irregularidades menstruales, infecciones y alopecia.Objective: To perform a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials to compare response rates of complete response and partial remission rates, as well as the adverse effects of immunosuppressive treatments, such as mycophenolate (MF) and tacrolimus, compared with cyclophosphamide (CY), for the management of lupus nephritis. Materials and methods: Clinical trials were identified through MEDLINE database using PubMed, OVID and Cochrane search engines, LILACS, EMBASE, New York Academy of Medicine and conference proceedings from the ACR, EULAR, and GLADEL. Data were extracted independently by 2 reviewers. Results: For the comparison between MF and CY, 9 clinical trials were obtained, with a total of 812 patients, showing that MF has similar efficacy with CY in terms of complete and partial remission. There was no significant difference in gastrointestinal symptoms, leukopenia or deaths. There is less risk of menstrual abnormalities (RR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.20-0.73), infections (RR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.45-0.91) and less risk of hair loss (RR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.16-0.38) in the MF group. For the comparison between tacrolimus and CY, 3 clinical trials were obtained, with a total 146 patients, showing that tacrolimus and CY have similar efficacy in complete and partial remission. In the outcome response (complete and partial remission), it was found that tacrolimus had a greater benefit than CY (RR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.02-1.45). There was no significant difference in terms of toxicity between tacrolimus and CY. Conclusions:Patients treated with MF, tacrolimus and CY have similar rates of remission; however there is greater benefit in outcome response when comparing tacrolimus and CY. Comparing MF with CY showed a lower risk of menstrual abnormalities and reduced risk of alopecia

First description of seronegative HTLV-1 carriers in Argentina

In some areas of Argentina endemic for human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), tropical spastic paraparesis is frequent in subjects who lack antibodies against the virus; however, the relevance of this seronegative status in the country has not been investigated. In neighboring countries, HTLV-1 seronegative status has been described in patients with different diseases; however, data regarding features of seronegative HTLV-1 carriers are scarce. We investigated the seronegative status in 124 relatives of 28 HTLV-1 infected subjects from an endemic area in Northwest Argentina. Blood samples and clinical/epidemiological data were collected. Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 infection was diagnosed by serology and long terminal repeat (LTR) sequence, env and tax gene detection. IgG anti-Tax HTLV-1 antibody, tax gene sequence, and DNA proviral load were also evaluated. Seventy-five percent of the 124 relatives were negative for HTLV-1/2 antibodies; 35.5% were also negative by molecular assays and 64.5% were negative for HTLV-1 LTR and env sequences, but positive for two sequences of HTLV-1 tax gene. Also, 35.7% of these subjects had IgG anti-Tax antibodies. The seronegative HTLV-1 status was significantly associated with male gender, youth, and sensory symptoms/autonomic nervous system dysfunction. High rates of seronegative symptomatic and asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers in Argentina are described. The evidence highlights that HTLV-1 prevalence may be underestimated worldwide. Larger cohort studies are required to assess disease outcome in these seronegative subjects. Also, the findings emphasize the limitations of ongoing screening assays for diagnosis and blood safety. Therefore, algorithms for HTLV-1 diagnosis should include not only serological but also molecular assays.Fil: Gallego, Sandra Veronica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología Dr. J. M. Vanella; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Frutos, Maria Celia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología Dr. J. M. Vanella; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Blanco, Sebastian. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología Dr. J. M. Vanella; ArgentinaFil: Castro, Gonzalo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología Dr. J. M. Vanella; ArgentinaFil: Balangero, Marcos Cesar. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología Dr. J. M. Vanella; ArgentinaFil: Panigo, David Elías. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Matemáticas; ArgentinaFil: Mangeaud, Arnaldo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Matemáticas; ArgentinaFil: Remondegui, Carlos. Hospital San Roque. Servicio de Infectología y Enfermedades Tropicales; ArgentinaFil: Rocha, Anderson Santos. Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Microbiología. Laboratorio de Virología Básica y Aplicada; Brasil. Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group; BrasilFil: Franco, Gabriela Melo. Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Microbiología. Laboratorio de Virología Básica y Aplicada; Brasil. Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group; BrasilFil: Martins, Marina Lobato. Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group; BrasilFil: Barbosa Stancioli, Edel Figueiredo. Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Microbiología. Laboratorio de Virología Básica y Aplicada; Brasil. Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group; BrasilFil: Nates, Silvia Viviana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología Dr. J. M. Vanella; Argentin

Etnografía y antropología en la Argentina: propuestas para la reconstrucción de un programa de investigación de lo universal

From the beginning of Anthropology in Argentina, ethnologists and folklore specialists conducted various forms of fieldwork. In the 1960s and 1970s, a heterogeneous group of researchers created renewed research styles and approaches closer to the Anglo-Saxon Social Anthropology. But only in the early twenty-first century, fieldwork based on participative observation and the creation of monographs ("ethnographies") became the socially accepted and normal way of production of anthropological knowledge. On one hand, I intend to expose this process of transformation, combining my biographical experience as a native of Buenos Aires Anthropology, together with, research on the history of the discipline in the country. On the other hand, I will consider the current situation of Anthropology in Argentina as an opportunity to question the ways we think and carry out the discipline. I argue that the ethnographic perspective has led the wayto understanding our realities in an original manner, but it has also delayed the effect of others. Through dialogue with the international critical literature which has questioned the current disciplinary situation, I suggest reviewing the way we understand the connection between Ethnography and what I refer to as an anthropological agenda, so that writing and fieldwork stay subordinated to problems and theories. From my viewpoint, a new program should encourage us to conduct riskier research, which would embrace real intellectual challenges. This will naturally imply turning the very ethnographic approach into a more uncertain and experimental approach

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field