Intraclass image augmentation for defect detection using generative adversarial neural networks

Surface defect identification based on computer vision algorithms often leads to inadequate generalization ability due to large intraclass variation. Diversity in lighting conditions, noise components, defect size, shape, and position make the problem challenging. To solve the problem, this paper develops a pixel-level image augmentation method that is based on image-to-image translation with generative adversarial neural networks (GANs) conditioned on fine-grained labels. The GAN model proposed in this work, referred to as Magna-Defect-GAN, is capable of taking control of the image generation process and producing image samples that are highly realistic in terms of variations. Firstly, the surface defect dataset based on the magnetic particle inspection (MPI) method is acquired in a controlled environment. Then, the Magna-Defect-GAN model is trained, and new synthetic image samples with large intraclass variations are generated. These synthetic image samples artificially inflate the training dataset size in terms of intraclass diversity. Finally, the enlarged dataset is used to train a defect identification model. Experimental results demonstrate that the Magna-Defect-GAN model can generate realistic and high-resolution surface defect images up to the resolution of 512 × 512 in a controlled manner. We also show that this augmentation method can boost accuracy and be easily adapted to any other surface defect identification models

Applications of Carboxylic Acids in Organic Synthesis, Nanotechnology and Polymers

Carboxylic acids are versatile organic compounds. In this chapter is presented a current overview of the use of carboxylic acids in a different area as organic synthesis, nanotechnology, and polymers. The application carboxylic acids in these areas are: obtaining of small molecules, macromolecules, synthetic or natural polymers, modification surface of nanoparticles metallic, modification surface of nanostructure such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, nanomaterials, medical field, pharmacy, etc. Carboxylic acids can be natural and synthetic, can be extracted or synthesized, presented chemical structure highly polar, active in organic reactions, as substitution, elimination, oxidation, coupling, etc. In nanotechnology, the use of acid carboxylic as surface modifiers to promote the dispersion and incorporation of metallic nanoparticles or carbon nanostructure, in the area of polymer carboxylic acids present applications such monomers, additives, catalysts, etc. The purpose of this chapter is to emphasize the importance of carboxylic acids in different areas, highlighting the area of organic synthesis, nanotechnology and polymers and its applications

An Experimental Evaluation of Redundancy in Industrial Wireless Communications

Industrial wireless communications will be an important technology enabler for the Industry 4.0 paradigm. However, the pervasive introduction of wireless communications in factories requires improving their reliability and capacity to support low latency communications. An approach to do so is through the introduction of redundancy. Several studies have analytically and through simulations demonstrated the benefits of exploiting redundancy in industrial wireless communications. This paper progresses the current state of the art by experimentally analyzing for the first time the benefits that redundancy in industrial wireless communications can provide to support mobile industrial applications. The analysis has been conducted in a collaborative robotics experimental facility under the framework of the H2020 AUTOWARE projectThis work has been partly funded by the European Commission through the FoF-RIA Project AUTOWARE: Wireless Autonomous, Reliable and Resilient Production Operation Architecture for Cognitive Manufacturing (No. 723909)The Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness, AEI and FEDER funds (TEC2017-88612-R)

Estudio sintético y caracterización por infrarrojo de derivados 2-(AMINO) 1,4-naftoquinona y su evaluación antibacteriana preliminar

Naphthoquinones are compounds of natural or synthetic origin which have shown important biological activities, as antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial and anticancer agents. This paper reports the 2-(amine)-1,4-naphthoquinone synthesis using different methods such as the room temperature synthesis (RTS), conventional heating synthesis (CCS) and ultrasound-assisted synthesis (UAS). Characterization was performed by infrared spectroscopy. In addition, antibacterial capacity was also determined against Proteus sp. and Enterococcus faecalis strains. The 2-benzylamine-1,4-naphthoquinone derivative showed the highest activity.Las naftoquinonas son compuestos de origen natural o sintético que han mostrado importantes actividades biológicas, resaltando como agentes antibacterianos, antifúngicos, antimaláricos y anticancerígenos. En el presente trabajo se reportan los resultados de la síntesis utilizando diferentes métodos como la síntesis a temperatura ambiente (STA), síntesis por calentamiento convencional (SCC) y síntesis asistida por ultrasonido (SAU) de los derivados 2-(amino)-1,4-naftoquinona. Se realizó su caracterización por espectroscopía de infrarrojo. Además se determinó su capacidad como agentes antibacterianos frente a las cepas Proteus sp. y Enterococcus faecalis. La mayor actividad lo mostró el derivado 2-bencilamino-1,4-naftoquinona

Síntesis de la N,N-diisopropiletanoamida y N,N-dibutiletanoamida mediante métodos de activación no convencionales: microondas y ultrasonido

En la presente investigación se sintetizaron dos amidas: N,N-diisopropiletanoamida y N,N-dibutiletanoamida, empleando dos diferentes fuentes de activación no convencionales: microondas y ultrasonido. Se demostró que el uso del microondas en este tipo de síntesis aumenta considerablemente los rendimientos y disminuye los tiempos de reacción. En la síntesis de N,N-diisopropiletanoamida se obtuvieron rendimientos de 75% para la síntesis asistida por microondas (SAM) y 35% en la síntesis asistida por ultrasonido (SAUS). Los rendimientos para la N,N-dibutiletanoamida fueron de 73% (SAM) y 45% (SAUS). Los tiempos de reacción empleados fueron 15 min. (SAM) y 7 horas (SAUS). Cabe destacar que todas las reacciones fueron llevadas a cabo en una sola etapa y en ausencia de solvente.177-183cuatrimestreIn the present investigation two amides were synthesized: N, N-diisopropiletanoamida and N, N-dibutyletano-amide, using two different non-conventional sources of activation: microwave and ultrasound. It was shown that the use of microwaves in this type of synthesis greatly increases yields and decreases reaction times. In the synthesis of N, N-diisopropyletanoamide yields were about 75% for the synthesis assisted by microwaves (SAM) and 35% in the ultrasound-assisted synthesis (SAUS). The yields for the N, N-dibutiletanoamida were 73% (SAM) and 45% (SAUS). The reaction times employed were 15 min. (SAM) and 7 hours (SAUS). It is noteworthy that all reactions were carried out in a single step and in the absence of solvent

Synthesis of novel 2-(fluoroanilino)-3-(2,4-dinitroanilino) derivatives of 1,4-naphthoquinone

Several novel 2-(fluoroanilino)-3-(2,4-dinitroanilino) derivatives of 1,4-naphthoquinone have been synthesized in good to excellent yields. First, 2-chloro-3-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-1,4-naphthoquinone was prepared in two steps beginning with the reaction of 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone with aniline in the presence of a Lewis acid (CeCl ·7H O). The resulting 2-(anilino)-1,4-naphthoquinone was then nitrated. The strong electron withdrawing effect of the 2,4-dinitroanilino substituent on the naphthoquinone framework facilitated the displacement of the second chlorine atom by a variety of weakly nucleophilic fluoro-substituted anilines under reflux conditions. 3

Speciation, Phenotypic Variation and Plasticity: What Can Endocrine Disruptors Tell Us?

Phenotype variability, phenotypic plasticity, and the inheritance of phenotypic traits constitute the fundamental ground of processes such as individuation, individual and species adaptation and ultimately speciation. Even though traditional evolutionary thinking relies on genetic mutations as the main source of intra- and interspecies phenotypic variability, recent studies suggest that the epigenetic modulation of gene transcription and translation, epigenetic memory, and epigenetic inheritance are by far the most frequent reliable sources of transgenerational variability among viable individuals within and across organismal species. Therefore, individuation and speciation should be considered as nonmutational epigenetic phenomena

2-(Fluoro-) and 2-(methoxyanilino)-1,4-naphthoquinones. Synthesis and mechanism and effect of fluorine substitution on redox reactivity and NMR

The influence of catalysts on the addition of methoxy- and fluoroanilines with 1,4-naphthoquinone to give methoxy- and fluoro-substituted 2-(anilino)-1,4-naphthoquinones was investigated. In the absence of a catalyst, this reaction requires long times and low yields of the anilino derivatives are obtained accompanied with the formation of several secondary products. Excellent yields were obtained with a catalytic amount of a Lewis acid with strong oxidation properties such as CeCl3 or FeCl3. Excellent yields were also obtained when the reaction was performed with a Brønsted acid/oxidant mixture such as AcOH/Cu(OAc)2. This addition reaction was also investigated using microwave irradiation. A discussion on reaction conditions and mechanism is presented. The 1H and 13C NMR data of all the derivatives were analyzed and assigned using two dimensional 1H-13C gHSQC and gHMBC NMR experiments. The effect of fluorine substitution on redox and NMR properties was also investigated

Total phenolic content, in vitro antioxidant activity and chemical composition of plant extracts from semiarid Mexican region

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the extraction suitable conditions of total phenolic content (TPC) by heat–reflux system, antioxidant activities and HPLC characterization of the aqueous–ethanolic extracts of Jatropha dioica (J. dioica) (Dragon's blood), Flourensia cernua (F. cernua) (Tar bush), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (E. camaldulensis) (Eucalyptus) and Turnera diffusa (T. diffusa) (Damiana).MethodsTPC was evaluated by the well–known colorimetric assay using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. The antioxidant activities were assayed by three methods based on scavenging of DPPH, ABTS and by lipid oxidation inhibition. The chemical composition of the extracts obtained was subject to HPLC analysis.ResultsTPC in the plant extracts ranged from 2.3 to 14.12 mg gallic acid equivalents/g for J. dioica and E. camaldulensis, respectively. The plant extracts of F. cernua, E. camaldulensis and T. diffusa showed similar strong antioxidant activities on scavenging of DPPH and lipid oxidation inhibition. In contrast, J. dioica extracts had lowest potential antioxidant in three assays used. HPLC assay showed the presence of several phenolic compounds in the extracts used.ConclusionsThe results obtained suggest that F. cernua, E. camaldulensis and T. diffusa are potential sources to obtain bioactive phenolic compounds with high antioxidant properties which can be used in the factories as antioxidant agents or for treatments in diseases

Molecular detection of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs and mosquitoes in Tabasco, Mexico

Background & objectives: Dirofilaria immitis is a filarial nematode that causes heartworm disease in domestic as well as wild canines and felines; and cutaneous or pulmonary infections in humans. The purpose of the study was to estimate the prevalence of D. immitis in domestic dogs in Tabasco, Mexico and to assay mosquitoes temporally and spatially associated with dogs for evidence of infection. Methods: Blood was collected from 1050 dogs in 1039 houses during a random household survey performed in 2016 and 2017. Genomic DNA was extracted and assayed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using pan-filarial primers and various species-specific primers. Dog owners were interviewed using a structured questionnaire designed to collect information on factors that may impact the occurrence of filarial infection. The association between canine dirofilariasis prevalence and factors likely to impact infection was determined by univariate logistic regression analysis, followed by multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis. Indoor and outdoor resting mosquitoes were collected from houses by manual aspiration. Mosquitoes were identified according to species, homogenized and tested by PCR for filarial nematodes. Results: A total of 84 (8%) dogs were positive for D. immitis DNA, while 3 (0.3%) dogs contained Acanthocheilonema reconditum DNA. Several factors were significantly associated with D. immitis infection. For example, dogs that lived <100 m from a large source of open standing water were significantly more likely (p = 0.002) to become infected with D. immitis than other dogs. Additionally, dogs with infrequent or no anthelmintic treatment were significantly more likely (p = 0.0) to become infected than dogs that were regularly treated. The entomologic investigation yielded 2618 female mosquitoes from 14 species. Four pools of Culex quinquefasciatus were positive for D. immitis DNA and the minimum infection rate, calculated as the number of positive pools per 1000 mosquitoes tested, was 2.9. Interpretation & conclusion: The study identified several factors positively associated with an increased risk of D. immitis infection in domestic dogs in Tabasco and provides evidence that Cx. quinquefasciatus is potentially an important vector in this region. This information can be used by local veterinarians and dog owners to reduce the burden of D. immitis on canine health