Plasma-beam instabilities in cometary ionospheres

It is shown that the interaction between the solar wind flux and the cometary ionosphere leads to the excitation of ion sound, whistler, electron-cyclotron, low hybrid, and magnetohydrodynamic waves. We investigated the frequency spectrum and found linear-increasing increments and lengths of excited waves

Evaluation of ambipolar potential barrier in the gas dynamic trap by Doppler spectroscopy

The recently developed Doppler spectroscopy diagnostic has been used to evaluate the height of the ambipolar potential barrier forming in the gas dynamic trap (GDT) plasma between the central cell and the region with a large magnetic expansion ratio beyond the mirror. The diagnostic technique based on the gas jet charge exchange target, allowed to measure the potential profile along the line of sight covering the radial range from the axis to the limiter. The on-axis potential drop was found to be $2.6 \div 3.1$ in units of the central plane electron temperature, which supports the existing theoretical understanding of suppression of electron thermal conductivity in the GDT expander

Long, Saturated Chains: Tasty Domains for Kinases of Insulin Resistance

The mechanistic basis of how cells respond to increased fatty acids (FAs) is murky but potentially involves receptor-mediated activation or inhibition by different FA classes. Holzer et al. (2011) recently propose in Cell that expansion of intracellular membrane microdomains induced by saturated FA recruit and activate c-Src for JNK activation

Integrated diffractometry: achieved progress and new performance capabilities

This review provides a brief overview and a discussion of dynamical integrated diffractometry and its functional capabilities. It is demonstrated that the combined use of measurements of integrated diffraction parameters on different diffraction conditions allows determining the parameters of several types of microdefects, which are simultaneously present in a single crystal. These parameters are the total integrated intensity of dynamical diffraction, the contribution of its diffuse component, and their dependences on different diffraction conditions. Examples of the use of integrated diffraction parameters for non-destructive express diagnostics of the characteristics of the defects’ structure of single crystals are discussed.Статтю присвячено обговоренню динамічної інтегральної дифрактометрії та її функціональних можливостей. Показано, що комбіноване використання вимірювань інтегральних дифракційних параметрів за різних умов дифракції уможливлює визначення параметрів мікродефектів декількох типів, одночасно присутніх у монокристалі. Обговорюються приклади використання вимірювання повної інтегральної інтенсивності динамічної дифракції, внеску її дифузійної складової та їхніх залежностей від різних умов динамічної дифракції для неруйнівної експресної діагностики характеристик дефектної структури монокристалічних систем.Статья посвящена обсуждению динамической интегральной дифрактометрии и её функциональных возможностей. Показано, что комбинированное использование измерений интегральных дифракционных параметров при различных условиях дифракции позволяет определять параметры микродефектов нескольких типов, одновременно присутствующих в монокристалле. Обсуждаются примеры использования измерения полной интегральной интенсивности динамической дифракции, вклада её диффузной составляющей и их зависимостей от различных условий динамической дифракции для неразрушающей экспрессной диагностики характеристик дефектной структуры монокристаллических систем

Optical bus of centralized relay protection and automation system of medium voltage switchgear for data collection and transmission

The article deals with the system of information collection and transfer from a centralized relay protection and automation system for medium voltage electrical units based on a passive optical bus. The issues of electromagnetic compatibility of technical devices are also considered, and the intensity of electromagnetic interference is calculated in the distribution center of medium voltage. Since the electric power industry objects are characterized by a complex electromagnetic environment, including a significant adverse effect on the reliability and full functionality of modern microprocessor relay protection and anti-emergency automatic systems, the solution is considered for a centralized relay protection and automation system based on xPON passive optical network technology.Key words: centralized system of relay protection and automation, signaling and measurements; distribution point of medium voltage; medium voltage distribution network; electromagnetic interference; conductive low-frequency interference; conductive highfrequency interference; IEC 61850; IEC 61000-2-5-195; IEC 61000-4; Degree of electromagnetic compatibility intensity