Univocity, Duality, and Ideal Genesis: Deleuze and Plato

In this essay, we consider the formal and ontological implications of one specific and intensely contested dialectical context from which Deleuze’s thinking about structural ideal genesis visibly arises. This is the formal/ontological dualism between the principles, ἀρχαί, of the One (ἕν) and the Indefinite/Unlimited Dyad (ἀόριστος δυάς), which is arguably the culminating achievement of the later Plato’s development of a mathematical dialectic.3 Following commentators including Lautman, Oskar Becker, and Kenneth M. Sayre, we argue that the duality of the One and the Indefinite Dyad provides, in the later Plato, a unitary theoretical formalism accounting, by means of an iterated mixing without synthesis, for the structural origin and genesis of both supersensible Ideas and the sensible particulars which participate in them. As these commentators also argue, this duality furthermore provides a maximally general answer to the problem of temporal becoming that runs through Plato’s corpus: that of the relationship of the flux of sensory experiences to the fixity and order of what is thinkable in itself. Additionally, it provides a basis for understanding some of the famously puzzling claims about forms, numbers, and the principled genesis of both attributed to Plato by Aristotle in the Metaphysics, and plausibly underlies the late Plato’s deep considerations of the structural paradoxes of temporal change and becoming in the Parmenides, the Sophist, and the Philebus. After extracting this structure of duality and developing some of its formal, ontological, and metalogical features, we consider some of its specific implications for a thinking of time and ideality that follows Deleuze in a formally unitary genetic understanding of structural difference. These implications of Plato’s duality include not only those of the constitution of specific theoretical domains and problematics, but also implicate the reflexive problematic of the ideal determinants of the form of a unitary theory as such. We argue that the consequences of the underlying duality on the level of content are ultimately such as to raise, on the level of form, the broader reflexive problem of the basis for its own formal or meta-theoretical employment. We conclude by arguing for the decisive and substantive presence of a proper “Platonism” of the Idea in Deleuze, and weighing the potential for a substantive recuperation of Plato’s duality in the context of a dialectical affirmation of what Deleuze recognizes as the “only” ontological proposition that has ever been uttered. This is the proposition of the univocity of Being, whereby “being is said in the same sense, everywhere and always,” but is said (both problematically and decisively) of difference itself

Corporate Tax Integration in the United States: A Review of the Treasury\u27s Integration Study

Tax system integration is not a new concept, but it has recently received an increased amount of discussion in the tax community. As used in this article, tax integration describes the concept of unifying the corporate and individual tax systems in order to insure that corporate income is taxed only once. Congress and others in the tax community are again considering whether or not the United States should integrate these two tax systems. Whether to integrate is only the beginning of the debate. The determination of which detailed mechanism to be used to achieve integration is a significant decision with far-reaching effects and implications to the economy, the business community, and the government

Building a Recording-Specific Amplifier Cabinet

Recording electric guitar has become a major component of any professional recording environment over the last 50 years, and recognizing the parameters that generate a quality recording is essential in getting the desired tonality and sound. The author examines the characteristics of amplifier cabinets desirable in studio use, and documents the process of building one from scratch for recording purposes based off of research parameters- as well as personal studio experience. This project compares the build of a custom amplifier cabinet against that of a store-bought cabinet from a reputable manufacturer (Fender) with emphasis on build materials, power handling, and cost of purchase, versus components sourced for build. Analysis of audio output in a practical application provides insight into the differences in cabinets and their changes in sound and frequency response. Incorporation of Audio Analysis tools such as Izotope\u27s Insight software and the Presonus Studio One 4 Spectrum Analyzer illuminate the differences and characteristics of both cabinets, providing a detailed comparison of the two speaker cabinets when being fed a audio signal through identical signal paths outside of the difference in cabinets. Upon review of results, it was determined that while staying within the parameters set for the build, the custom cabinet was more focused in the mid-register while dampening the low-end resonance of the Fender cabinet and smoothing out some of the high-frequency overtones that are prevalent in the bought model. No major change in amplitude or signal output level was discernible between the two cabinet models, just a change in tonality from build components and speaker

Illustrations of Chaucer. Drawn chiefly from Deschamps

The following notes are not intended, in any instance, to suggest new sources from which Chaucer may have drawn. If they add fresh vividness here and there to the background of contemporary manners and customs against which some of Chaucer's lines demand projection, they will have served their turn. That they throw interesting light upon certain salient differences between Deschamps's art and that of Chaucer is also true. But consideration of that I wish to reserve until another time

Structural Analysis of the Great Smoky Thrust Sheet Along the Little Tennessee River

This study involves a structural analysis of a portion of the Great Smoky thrust sheet in the Great Smoky Mountains of Tennessee. Four groups of folds and related structures have been identified in this area. the earliest folds include second-order mesoscopic F1 folds with a slaty cleavage axial plane foliation (S1). These folds occur on the limbs of first-order macroscopic F1 folds which are discordant to the Great Smoky fault. In several places, the F1 folds are overprinted by mesoscopic F2 folds which are characterized by crenulation cleavage axial plane foliation (S2). F2 folds include tight to isoclinal folds with boudinage on fold limbs oriented subparallel to S2 and small, angular zigzag folds. Evidence indicates that some degree of transportation of foliations was involved in the formation of S2. Macroscopic F3 folds involve the folding of slaty cleavage (S1) and are probably related to the deformation of the Great Smoky fault surface, which resulted in its present undulatory nature. Mesoscopic F4 structures consist of kink bands and related thrust faults. At least two major episodes of deformation can be recognized in the Taconic fold belt of the Blue Ridge province. The first episode involved the formation of similar-type folds with a slaty cleavage axial plane foliation, regional metamorphism, and thrusting on the Greenbrier fault. These structural features are believed to be representative of the Taconic orogeny (430-470 m.y. ago). A second period of deformation involved the formation of folds with a crenulation or slip cleavage axial plane foliation, emplacement of the Great Smoky and Blue Ridge thrust sheets and the creation of the Gatlinburg fault system. These events have been dated as Late Paleozoic (Mississippian or Pennsylvanian). Structural elements in the area of this report can be differentiated into two major episodes of deformation. They can be integrated into the regional deformational history of the Blue Ridge in the following way. F1 folds correlated with the early period of deformation and regional metamorphism of Taconic age. F2 folds probably belong to the second period of deformation and are related to the Late Paleozoic thrust faulting. F3 and F4 postdate the Great Smoky fault

HSP27 AND CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED AUTOPHAGY AS BIOMARKERS IN OSTEOSARCOMA

Survival for patients with osteosarcoma has not improved for \u3e 30 years. Despite aggressive multi-agent chemotherapy combined with surgical resection, a significant fraction of patients with localized disease relapse after optimal treatment. We evaluated the occurrence of cytoplasmic LC3B (light chain 3B)-positive puncta (a marker of autophagy) and presence of HSP27 (heat shock protein 27) in cancer cells within pre-treatment biopsy, post-treatment surgical resection, and metastatic osteosarcoma specimens by immunohistochemistry in 260 patients. LCB3+ puncta expression was seen in 34% of pre-treatment. 50% of resection, and 67% of metastasis samples. Sixty-six percent of all specimens were scored positive for HSP27 (85% of pre-treatment. 52% of resection, and 50% of metastasis samples). Among 215 patients with localized disease, pre-treatment HSP27 expression was associated with inferior overall survival (adjusted HR 26.7, p=0.0263) as well as at resection following chemotherapy (adjusted HR 1.85, p=0.039). Lack of LC3B-puncta expression was an independent poor prognostic marker at resection (adjusted HR 1.75, p=0.045). Patients with LC3B+/HSP27- tumors at resection had the best prognosis whereas patients with LC3B-/HSP27+ osteosarcoma had the worst long-term survival. Neither HSP27 nor LC3B expression correlated with tumor necrosis. These findings indicate that HSP27 expression is a negative prognostic biomarker in osteosarcoma. Conversely, presence of autophagy following neoadjuvant chemotherapy, as measured by LC3B-puncta, predicts longer overall survival in osteosarcoma patients with localized disease. We additionally evaluated the significance of chemotherapy-induced autophagy in 2 human osteosarcoma cell lines: LM7 and CCH-OS-D. Both doxorubicin (DOX) and cisplatin (CDDP) were found to induce autophagy. In LM7 cells, autophagy inhibition with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) prior to chemotherapy resulted in a trend towards decreased viability consistent with a cytoprotective role of autophagy. In CCH-OS-D cells, autophagy inhibition prior to DOX significantly decreased chemosensitivity suggesting a cytotoxic role of autophagy in this setting. The post-treatment expression of phosphorylated HSP27 was increased in LM7 and decreased in CCH-OS-D following DOX or CDDP. These findings support a dual role of chemotherapy-induced autophagy and potential application of pHSP27 as a predictive biomarker of autophagy inhibitors in osteosarcoma

EXTENSION OF FLOODING DATABASE FOR LARGE DIAMETER TUBE AT VARIABLE PRESSURE INCLUDING HYSTERESIS EFFECTS

An experimental investigation into flooding phenomena was conducted to acquire data using steam/water and air/water fluid pairs at varying conditions within a large diameter vertical tube with annular flow. Experiments were performed to expand the database previously collected and verify correlations developed. Additionally, experimentation was conducted to determine hysteresis effects that may occur during flooding. Experiments were completed in a previously established vertical test section. Flooding tests were conducted by forming an annular liquid film within the test section then injecting gas into the bottom of the test section until reversal of the annular film. Tests were performed at various gas inlet flow rates with water inlet flow rates ranging from 5 to 8 gallons per minute, and pressure varying from atmospheric pressure to 45 psig. Data collected extends the range data beyond previous studies at the Nuclear Heat Transfer Systems laboratory. Data were collected in 0.5 GPM increments for the liquid mass flow rate range, filling out the data set previously collected. The additional data increases the reliability of the flooding database and flooding curves. Integration of the new data set with previous data enhances understanding of the effects of pressure, gas-liquid combination, and condensation effects of flooding phenomena. Post-processing of data produced flooding curves to compare data sets. Integration of flooding data showed that when data is plotted as dimensionless Kutateladze parameters showing that fluid-pair data overlay onto one another and a slight dependence on pressure of the system is present for steam/water data. Hysteresis data was post-processed, and hysteresis curves produced, both gasliquid systems exhibited hysteresis effects, namely as the gas flow rate was incrementally decreased, flooding occurred at a Kutateladze gas inlet parameter below that which is required to initiate flooding. The data suggests that higher carryover mass fraction can be sustained when the gas flow rate is being lowered from a flow rate beyond that needed to achieve the onset of flooding, effects were more dramatic at higher water inlet flow rates and pressures. Further, air/water mixtures showed more hysteresis than steam/water mixtures

The foundations of Lock and Dam no. 26 - Alton, Illinois

The present Upper Mississippi River Canalization Program provides for a channel depth of nine feet, with suitable widths, at low water, in the Upper Mississippi River between the Missouri River and Minneapolis, Minnesota, and was adopted by the River and Harbor Act of July 3, 1930, as amended by Public Resolution No. 10, Seventy-second Congress, First Session, approved February 24, 1932. The establishment of this nine-foot channel requires the construction of twenty-six dams and accompanying locks - two of which were already constructed - at selected points throughout the distance between Minneapolis and the mouth of the Missouri River...This series of twenty-six locks and dams will effect an aggregate lift in the Mississippi River of 331.3 feet at extreme low water over a distance of 610 miles between Alton, Illinois, and the Northern Pacific Railroad bridge at Minneapolis --page 10-11