2,322 research outputs found
Size-dependent decoherence of excitonic states in semiconductor microcrystallites
The size-dependent decoherence of the exciton states resulting from the
spontaneous emission is investigated in a semiconductor spherical
microcrystallite under condition . In general, the
larger size of the microcrystallite corresponds to the shorter coherence time.
If the initial state is a superposition of two different excitonic coherent
states, the coherence time depends on both the overlap of two excitonic
coherent states and the size of the microcrystallite. When the system with
fixed size is initially in the even or odd coherent states, the larger average
number of the excitons corresponds to the faster decoherence. When the average
number of the excitons is given, the bigger size of the microcrystallite
corresponds to the faster decoherence. The decoherence of the exciton states
for the materials GaAs and CdS is numerically studied by our theoretical
analysis.Comment: 4 pages, two figure
A comparison of different methods in the study of dynamical fluctuations in high energy e+e- collisions
Different methods in the study of anomalous scaling of factorial moments in
high energy e+e- collisions are examined in some detail. It is shown that the
horizontal and vertical factorial moments are equivalent only when they are
used in combination with the cummulant variables. The influence of different
reference frames and that of phase space restrictions is also discussed.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure
An investigation of the failure mechanisms in high temperature materials subjected to isothermal and anisothermal fatigue and creep conditions
Many engineering components are subjected to conditions which have a detrimental effect on the materials from which they are made. Such components are used, for example, within high temperature regions of aeroengines (e.g. turbine discs) and power plant (e.g. steam pipes) and such conditions can include periods of isothermal and/or thermo-mechanical cyclic loading which may cause fatigue, excessive plasticity and creep. The combination of conditions to which the materials are subjected can have a strong influence on the failure mechanisms induced within the material.
This study is concerned with the identification of the failure mechanisms which occur in RR1000 (a Nickel-based superalloy used in aeroengine turbine discs) tested under both isothermal and anisothermal cyclic conditions. The various types of test conditions applied to the specimens (e.g. waveforms which contain high temperature tensile conditions or alternatively low temperature tensile conditions) and the related failure mechanisms (e.g. intergranular, transgranular or mixed cracking), have been identified. Comparisons of the predictions of failure lives with experimental data from tested specimens, subjected to various test conditions, are also presented
Target Space Duality between Simple Compact Lie Groups and Lie Algebras under the Hamiltonian Formalism: I. Remnants of Duality at the Classical Level
It has been suggested that a possible classical remnant of the phenomenon of
target-space duality (T-duality) would be the equivalence of the classical
string Hamiltonian systems. Given a simple compact Lie group with a
bi-invariant metric and a generating function suggested in the physics
literature, we follow the above line of thought and work out the canonical
transformation generated by together with an \Ad-invariant
metric and a B-field on the associated Lie algebra of so that
and form a string target-space dual pair at the classical level under
the Hamiltonian formalism. In this article, some general features of this
Hamiltonian setting are discussed. We study properties of the canonical
transformation including a careful analysis of its domain and image. The
geometry of the T-dual structure on is lightly touched.Comment: Two references and related comments added, also some typos corrected.
LaTeX and epsf.tex, 36 pages, 4 EPS figures included in a uuencoded fil
Time dependent solitons of noncommutative Chern-Simons theory coupled to scalar fields
We study one- and two-soliton solutions of noncommutative Chern-Simons theory
coupled to a nonrelativistic or a relativistic scalar field. In the
nonrelativistic case, we find a tower of new stationary time-dependent
solutions, all with the same charge density, but with increasing energies. The
dynamics of these solitons cannot be studied using traditional moduli space
techniques, but we do find a nontrivial symplectic form on the phase space
indicating that the moduli space is not flat. In the relativistic case we find
the metric on the two soliton moduli space.Comment: 22 pages, 2 figures, JHEP3 style. v2: This paper is a thoroughly
revised version. We thank P.A. Horvathy, L. Martina and P.C. Stichel for
illuminating comments that led us to reconsider some of our previously
reported results; see note added at the end of the paper. v3:
Acknowledgements adde
Oxygen impurities in NiAl: Relaxation effects
We have used a full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital method to calculate
the effects of oxygen impurities on the electronic structure of NiAl. Using the
supercell method with a 16-atom supercell we have investigated the cases where
an oxygen atom is substitutionally placed at either a nickel or an aluminum
site. Full relaxation of the atoms within the supercell was allowed. We found
that oxygen prefers to occupy a nickel site over an aluminum site with a site
selection energy of 138 mRy (21,370 K). An oxygen atom placed at an aluminum
site is found to cause a substantial relaxation of its nickel neighbors away
from it. In contrast, this steric repulsion is hardly present when the oxygen
atom occupies the nickel site and is surrounded by aluminum neighbors. We
comment on the possible relation of this effect to the pesting degradation
phenomenon (essentially spontaneous disintegration in air) in nickel
aluminides.Comment: To appear in Phys. Rev. B (Aug. 15, 2001
Numerical study of the effects of crack location on creep crack growth in weldment
A numerical study on the effects of crack location on creep crack growth, in a P91 weldment, was carried out using a finite element package (ABAQUS). Models of compact tension specimens were used. The obtained results showed that, the creep crack growth in the weld metal are much higher than that in the parent metal. However, the creep crack growth in cross-weld specimens is controlled by the properties of the weakest component of the weld. This highlights the importance of the heat affected zone (HAZ) as the weakest region of the weldment. Effects of the width of HAZ are presented, too
Timing of Antidepressant Discontinuation During Pregnancy and Postpartum Psychiatric Outcomes in Denmark and Norway
Importance: Approximately half of women discontinue antidepressant use during pregnancy, yet this could lead to relapse in the postpartum period.
Objective: To investigate the associations between longitudinal antidepressant fill trajectories during pregnancy and postpartum psychiatric outcomes.
Design and setting, and participants: Cohort study using nationwide registers in Denmark and Norway. Participants included 41,475 liveborn singleton pregnancies in Denmark (1997â2016) and 16,459 in Norway (2009â2018) for women who filled at least one antidepressant prescription within six months before pregnancy.
Exposures: Antidepressant prescription fills were obtained from the prescription registers. Antidepressant treatment during pregnancy was modeled using longitudinal k-means.
Main outcomes and measures: Initiating psycholeptics, psychiatric emergency, or records of self-harm within one year postpartum. Hazard ratio (HR) of each psychiatric outcome was estimated using Cox regression models. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to control for confounding. Country-specific HRs were pooled using random-effects meta-analytic models.
Results: Of 57,934 pregnancies (mean maternal age range across countries: 30.7â ?? years), [XL1] our trajectories were identified: early discontinuers (about 30% of the population), late discontinuers (previously stable users) (20â25%), late discontinuers (short-term users) (15â20%), and continuers (25â30%). Early discontinuers and late discontinuers (short-term users) had a lower probability of initiating psycholeptics and having postpartum psychiatric emergencies compared to continuers. We found a moderately increased probability of initiation of psycholeptics among late discontinuers (previously stable users) compared to continuers (HR=1.13, 95% CI: 1.03â1.24). This increase in late discontinuers (previously stable users) was more pronounced among women with previous affective disorders (HR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.12â1.47). No association between antidepressant fill trajectories and postpartum self-harm risk was found.
Conclusions and Relevance: Using pooled data from Denmark and Norway, we found a moderately elevated probability of initiation of psycholeptics in late discontinuers (previously stable users) compared to continuers.
[XL1]Mean (SD) age of the study population was 30.7(5.3) year
Effects of low environmental salinity on the cellular profiles and expression of Na+, K+-ATPase and Na+, K+, 2Cl(-) cotransporter 1 of branchial mitochondrion-rich cells in the juvenile marine fish Monodactylus argenteus
The goal of this study was to determine the osmoregulatory ability of a juvenile marine fish, silver moony (), for the purpose of developing a new experimental species for ecophysiological research. In this study, was acclimated to freshwater (FW), brackish water (BW), or seawater (SW). The salinity tolerance of this euryhaline species was effective, and the fish survived well upon osmotic challenges. The largest apical surface of mitochondrion-rich cells was found in the FW individuals. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that Na+, K+-ATPase immunoreactive (NKA-IR) cells were distributed in the interlamellar region of the gill filaments of the silver moony in all experimental groups. In addition to the filaments, NKA-IR cells were also found in the lamellae of the FW individuals. The number of NKA-IR cells in the gills of the FW individuals exceeded that of the BW and SW individuals. The NKA-IR cells of FW and SW individuals exhibited bigger size than that of BW fish. The NKA activities and protein expression of the NKA alpha-subunit in the gills of the FW individuals were significantly higher than in the BW and SW groups. Additionally, the relative amounts of Na+, K+, 2Cl(-) cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) were salinity-dependent in the gills. Immunofluorescent signals of NKCC1 were localized to the basolateral membrane of NKA-IR cells in all groups. In the gills of the FW individuals, however, some NKA-IR cells did not exhibit a basolateral NKCC1 signal. In conclusion, the present study illustrated the osmoregulatory mechanisms of this easy- and economic-to-rear marine teleost with euryhaline capacity and proved the silver moony to be a good experimental animal
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