587 research outputs found
The [Ne III] Jet of DG Tau and its Ionization Scenarios
Forbidden neon emission from jets of low-mass young stars can be used to
probe the underlying high-energy processes in these systems. We analyze spectra
of the jet of DG Tau obtained with the Very Large Telescope/X-Shooter
spectrograph in 2010. [Ne III] 3869 is clearly detected in the
innermost 3" microjet and the outer knot located at 6".5. The velocity
structure of the inner microjet can be decomposed into the low-velocity
component (LVC) at km/s and the high-velocity component (HVC) at
km/s. Based on the observed [Ne III] flux and its spatial extent,
we suggest the origins of the [Ne III] emission regions and their relation with
known X-ray sources along the jet. The flares from the hard X-ray source close
to the star may be the main ionization source of the innermost microjet. The
fainter soft X-ray source at 0".2 from the star may provide sufficient heating
to help to sustain the ionization fraction against the recombination in the
flow. The outer knot may be reionized by shocks faster than 100 km/s such that
[Ne III] emission reappears and that the soft X-ray emission at 5".5 is
produced. Velocity decomposition of the archival Hubble Space Telescope spectra
obtained in 1999 shows that the HVC had been faster, with a velocity centroid
of km/s. Such a decrease in velocity may potentially be explained
by the expansion of the stellar magnetosphere, changing the truncation radius
and thus the launching speed of the jet. The energy released by magnetic
reconnections during relaxation of the transition can heat the gas up to
several tens of megakelvin and provide the explanation for on-source keV X-ray
flares that ionize the neon microjet
Velocity-Resolved [Ne III] from X-Ray Irradiated Sz 102 Microjets
Neon emission lines are good indicators of high-excitation regions close to a
young stellar system because of their high ionization potentials and large
critical densities. We have discovered [Ne III]{\lambda}3869 emission from the
microjets of Sz 102, a low-mass young star in Lupus III. Spectroastrometric
analyses of two-dimensional [Ne III] spectra obtained from archival
high-dispersion () Very Large Telescope/UVES data suggest that
the emission consists of two velocity components spatially separated by ~ 0."3,
or a projected distance of ~ 60 AU. The stronger redshifted component is
centered at ~ +21 km/s with a line width of ~ 140 km/s, and the weaker
blueshifted component at ~ -90 km/s with a line width of ~ 190 km/s. The two
components trace velocity centroids of the known microjets and show large line
widths that extend across the systemic velocity, suggesting their potential
origins in wide-angle winds that may eventually collimate into jets. Optical
line ratios indicate that the microjets are hot ( K)
and ionized ( cm). The blueshifted component
has ~ 13% higher temperature and ~ 46% higher electron density than the
redshifted counterpart, forming a system of asymmetric pair of jets. The
detection of the [Ne III]{\lambda}3869 line with the distinct velocity profile
suggests that the emission originates in flows that may have been strongly
ionized by deeply embedded hard X-ray sources, most likely generated by
magnetic processes. The discovery of [Ne III]{\lambda}3869 emission along with
other optical forbidden lines from Sz 102 support the picture of wide-angle
winds surrounding magnetic loops in the close vicinity of the young star.
Future high sensitivity X-ray imaging and high angular-resolution optical
spectroscopy may help confirm the picture proposed.Comment: 33 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables; accepted for publication in the ApJ
(minor typo and reference list fixed
A Unified Model for Bipolar Outflows from Young Stars: Apparent Magnetic Jet Acceleration
We explore a new, efficient mechanism that can power toroidally magnetized
jets up to two to three times their original terminal velocity after they enter
a self-similar phase of magnetic acceleration. Underneath the elongated outflow
lobe formed by a magnetized bubble, a wide-angle free wind, through the
interplay with its ambient toroid, is compressed and accelerated around its
axial jet. The extremely magnetic bubble can inflate over its original size,
depending on the initial Alfv\'en Mach number of the launched flow. The
shape-independent slope is a salient feature
of the self-similarity in the acceleration phase. Peculiar kinematic signatures
are observable in the position--velocity (PV) diagrams and can combine with
other morphological signatures as probes for the density-collimated jets
arising in toroidally dominated magnetized winds. The apparent second
acceleration is powered by the decrease of the toroidal magnetic field but
operates far beyond the scales of the primary magnetocentrifugal launch region
and the free asymptotic terminal state. Rich implications may connect the jets
arising from the youngest protostellar outflows such as HH 211 and HH 212 and
similar systems with parsec-scale jets across the mass and evolutionary
spectra.Comment: 21 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, to appear in Astrophysical Journal
Letters (2023
One-year cardiovascular outcomes of drug-eluting stent versus bare-metal stent implanted in diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome
AbstractBackgroundThe outcomes of drug-eluting stent (DES) versus bare-metal stent (BMS) use in patients with diabetic mellitus (DM) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are rarely reported in Taiwan. This study aimed to investigate the 1-year cardiovascular outcomes of DESs versus BMSs implanted in Taiwanese patients with DM and ACS.MethodsFor this study, we collected and analyzed patient information from the database of the Taiwan ACS Full Spectrum registry regarding characteristics and cardiovascular events in participants with DM and ACS who received implantation of either BMS (BMS group) or DES (DES group) from October 2008 to January 2010.ResultsWe found that several characteristics significantly varied between the groups. Compared with the BMS group (n = 575), the DES group (n = 199) had significantly lower rates of in-hospital cardiogenic shock (1.5% vs. 4.9%, p = 0.037) and acute renal failure (0.5% vs. 4.5%, p = 0.008), all-cause mortality (5.0% vs. 8.9%, p = 0.048), and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) at 1 year (11.1% vs. 18.6%, p = 0.006) with an identical target vessel revascularization (TVR) rate (6.0% vs. 7.3%, p = 0.395). The BMS group had significantly higher risk-adjusted all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0–5.7; p = 0.048] and MACE (HR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–3.9; p = 0.011) at 1 year with identical risks of TVR (HR = 1.3, 95% CI 0.6–2.9; p = 0.505) and nonfatal myocardial infarction (HR = 1.5, 95% CI 0.5–4.4; p = 0.478).ConclusionThe results of this study support the use of DES over BMS in Taiwanese patients with DM and ACS, providing the clinical benefits of lower rates of total mortality and MACE, and without increased TVR at 1 year in a real-world setting
Effects of Lower Limb Cycling Training on Different Components of Force and Fatigue in Individuals With Parkinson’s Disease
The strength of lower extremity is important for individuals to maintain balance and ambulation functions. The previous studies showed that individuals with Parkinson’s disease suffered from fatigue and strength loss of central origin. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lower extremities’ cycling training on different components of force and fatigue in individuals with Parkinson’s disease. Twenty-four individuals (13 males, 11 females, mean age: 60.58 ± 8.21 years) diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease were randomized into training and control groups. The maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) force, voluntary activation level (VA), and twitch force of knee extensors were measured using a custom-made system with surface electrical stimulation. The general, central, and peripheral fatigue indexes (GFI, CFI, and PFI) were calculated after a fatiguing cycling protocol. Subjects received 8 weeks of low resistance cycling training (training group) or self-stretching (control group) programs. Results showed that MVC, VA, and twitch force improved (p \u3c 0.05) only in the training group. Compared to the baseline, central fatigue significantly improved in the training group, whereas peripheral fatigue showed no significant difference in two groups. The cycling training was beneficial for individuals with Parkinson’s disease not only in muscle strengthening but also in central fatigue alleviation. Further in-depth investigation is required to confirm the effect of training and its mechanism on central fatigue
Cataract surgery utilization after acute stroke: A nationwide cohort study
AbstractBackgroundCataract is a common and correctable ophthalmological condition that is associated with a poor quality of life and shortened life expectancy in older people. However, little is known regarding the use of cataract surgery in stroke patients after the incident event.MethodsA national cohort of 5462 patients who had experienced an acute stroke event without severe physical disability between 2000 and 2003, and 26,434 randomly selected age- and sex-matched controls were obtained from a random population-based sample of the National Health Insurance database in Taiwan. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to assess the association between stroke events and cataract surgery.ResultsAfter a 5-year follow-up, 482 stroke patients (8.8%) and 1897 controls (7.2%) had received cataract surgery after the index dates of their stroke. The incidence of subsequent cataract surgery following acute stroke was 27% higher than that in the comparison group (crude hazard ratio 1.27; p < 0.001). Adjusted for age, sex, co-morbid medical diseases, use of systemic steroids, exposure to radiation during computed tomography, and socioeconomic status, the incidence of cataract surgery in the stroke patients was 30% higher than that in the comparison group (adjusted hazard ratio 1.30; p < 0.001).ConclusionA 30% increase in the use of cataract surgery was noted among the survivors of acute stroke with mild-to-moderate disabilities, which may result from the increased need for better vision after stroke
Fine-Structure Line Emission from the Outflows of Young Stellar Objects
The flux and line shape of the fine-structure transitions of \NeII\ and
\NeIII\ at 12.8 and 15.55\,m and of the forbidden transitions of \OI\
are calculated for young stellar objects with a range of
mass-loss rates and X-ray luminosities using the X-wind model of jets and the
associated wide-angle winds. For moderate and high accretion rates, the
calculated \NeII\ line luminosity is comparable to or much larger than produced
in X-ray irradiated disk models. All of the line luminosities correlate well
with the main parameter in the X-wind model, the mass-loss rate, and also with
the assumed X-ray luminosity --- and with one another. The line shapes of an
approaching jet are broad and have strong blue-shifted peaks near the effective
terminal velocity of the jet. They serve as a characteristic and testable
aspect of jet production of the neon fine-structure lines and the \OI\
forbidden transitions.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, published in Ap
RW Aur A from the X-Wind Point of View: General Features
In this paper, the RW Aur A microjet is studied from the point of view of
X-wind models. The archived HST/STIS spectra of optical forbidden lines [O I],
[S II], and [N II] from RW Aur A, taken in Cycle 8 with seven parallel slits
along the jet axis, spaced at 0".07 apart, were analyzed. Images,
position-velocity diagrams, and line ratios among the species were constructed,
and compared with synthetic observations generated by selected solutions of the
X-wind. Prominent features arising in a steady state X-wind could be identified
within the convolved images, full-widths at half maxima and high-velocity peaks
on both of the redshifted and blueshifted jets. The well-known asymmetric
velocity profiles of the opposite jets are built into the selected models. We
discuss model selections within the existing uncertainties of stellar
parameters and inclination angle of the system. In this framework, the
mass-loss rates that were inferred to be decreasing along the jet axis in the
literature are the results of slowly decreasing excitation conditions and
electron density profiles. Despite the apparent asymmetry in terminal
velocities, line intensities and mass-loss rates, the average linear momenta
from the opposite sides of the jet are actually balanced. These previously
hard-to-explain features of the asymmetric RW Aur A jet system now find a
different but self-consistent interpretation within the X-wind framework.Comment: 31 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables; accepted for publication in ApJ (Send
correspondence to: [email protected]
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