Toxicity of kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A. C. Sm. essential oil to the bed bug, cimex lectularius L. (hemiptera: Cimicidae)

Copyright © 2019 American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. We sought to define trends in and predictors of carbapenem consumption across community, teaching, and university-affiliated hospitals in the United States and Canada. We conducted a retrospective multicenter survey of carbapenem and broad-spectrum noncarbapenem beta-lactam consumption between January 2011 and December 2013. Consumption was tabulated as defined daily doses (DDD) or as days of therapy (DOT) per 1,000 patient days (PD). Multivariate mixed-effects models were explored, and final model goodness of fit was assessed by regressions of observed versus predicted values and residual distributions. A total of 20 acute-care hospitals responded. The centers treated adult patients (n 19/20) and pediatric/neonatal patients (n 17/20). The majority of the centers were nonprofit (n 17/20) and not affiliated with medical/teaching institutions (n 11/20). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) carbapenem consumption rates were 38.8 (17.4 to 95.7) DDD/1,000 PD and 29.7 (19.2 to 40.1) DOT/1,000 PD overall. Carbapenem consumption was well described by a multivariate linear mixed-effects model (fixed effects, R2 0.792; fixed plus random effects, R2 0.974). Carbapenem consumption increased by 1.91-fold/quarter from 48.6 DDD/1,000 PD (P 0.004) and by 0.056-fold/quarter from 45.7 DOT/ 1,000 PD (P 0.93) over the study period. Noncarbapenem consumption was independently related to increasing carbapenem consumption (beta 0.31 for increasing noncarbapenem beta-lactam consumption; P 0.001). Regular antibiogram publication and promotion of conversion from intravenous (i.v.) to oral (p.o.) administration independently affected carbapenem consumption rates. In the final model, 58.5% of the observed variance in consumption was attributable to between-hospital differences. Rates of carbapenem consumption across 20 North American hospitals differed greatly, and the observed differences were correlated with hospital-specific demographics. Additional studies focusing on the drivers of hospital-specific carbapenem consumption are needed to determine whether these rates are justifiable

Progress analysis on organic wastewater treatment using microbial fuel cell based on bibliometrics

Organic wastewater treatment and energy recovery using microbial fuel cell（MFC） are of great significance for pollution reduction and energy saving. The bibliometric analysis of this field from 2008 to 2021 was conducted in this paper. From the two aspects of basic data analysis and hot topic words, this paper discusses the research trends in this field. The results showed that a total of 486 articles were published from 2008 to 2021. China was the country with the highest number of articles published, but had relatively low number of citation per article. According to the evolution of the subject words, the research in this field can be divided into feasibility, performance improvement, and application transformation stages, respectively. The problems to be solved include low power output, high input cost, low system stability and so on at present. Our results may provide a scientific reference for researchers in this field to understand the international progress and breakthrough point of future research, so as to boost the removal efficiency and energy utilization of organic wastewater in future

Lignans from Tujia Ethnomedicine Heilaohu: Chemical Characterization and Evaluation of Their Cytotoxicity and Antioxidant Activities

Heilaohu, the roots of Kadsura coccinea, has a long history of use in Tujia ethnomedicine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and gastroenteric disorders, and a lot of work has been done in order to know the material basis of its pharmacological activities. The chemical investigation led to the isolation and characterization of three new (1–3) and twenty known (4–23) lignans. Three new heilaohulignans A-C (1–3) and seventeen known (4–20) lignans possessed dibenzocyclooctadiene skeletons. Similarly, one was a diarylbutane (21) and two were spirobenzofuranoid dibenzocyclooctadiene (22–23) lignans. Among the known compounds, 4–5, 7, 13–15 and 17–22 were isolated from this species for the first time. The structures were established, using IR, UV, MS and NMR data. The absolute configurations of the new compounds were determined by circular dichroism (CD) spectra. The isolated lignans were further evaluated for their cytotoxicity and antioxidant activities. Compound 3 demonstrated strong cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 9.92 µM, compounds 9 and 13 revealed weak cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 21.72 µM and 18.72 µM, respectively in the HepG-2 human liver cancer cell line. Compound 3 also showed weak cytotoxicity against the BGC-823 human gastric cancer cell line and the HCT-116 human colon cancer cell line with IC50 values of 16.75 µM and 16.59 µM, respectively. A chemiluminescence assay for antioxidant status of isolated compounds implied compounds 11 and 20, which showed weak activity with IC50 values of 25.56 µM and 21.20 µM, respectively

Urine Treatment in a Stacked Membraneless Direct Urea Fuel Cell with Honeycomb-like Nickel–Molybdenum Bimetal Phosphide as the Anodic Electrocatalyst

The aim of this study was to synthesize a novel catalyst for urea oxidation and to test a stacked membraneless direct urea fuel cell (DUFC) with raw urine as fuel. The molybdenum nickel phosphides on nickel foam (MoNiP/NF) were synthesized using a combined hydrothermal and phosphating method. The honeycomb-like MoNiP/NF catalyst with a Mo/Ni molar ratio of 0.50 (i.e., MoNiP/NF-0.50) showed the highest electrocatalytic activity for urea oxidation among different catalysts. The stacked membraneless DUFC was constructed using the MoNiP/NF-0.50 electrode as anode and a gas diffusion cathode. With the electrode spacing of 5 mm and 6 electrode pairs, the stacked membraneless DUFC had a maximum voltage of 0.55 V and a power density of 0.115 mW cm–2 at the external resistance of 1000 Ω, at which the power output was 5.32 times higher than that in the individual membraneless DUFC. The urea removal reached 65.8% in the cell at the external resistance of 100 Ω within 192 h. The excellent performance of the cell could be attributed to the high activity of the MoNiP/NF-0.50 catalyst, small electrode spacing, and multiple electrode pairs. Our results should provide promising potential for scalable DUFC with efficient urine treatment