On the issue of transparency and reproducibility in nanomedicine.

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Nanostructured Biomaterials for Tissue Repair and Anti-Infection

Biomaterials play a vital role in regenerative medicine, aiming to regenerate and replace lost/dysfunctional tissues [...

Au@Ag@Pt core-shell nanorods regulating Ag release behavior endow titanium antibacterial activity and biocompatibility

Although titanium and its alloys are extensively used in orthopedics and dentistry fields, implant failures still happen because of implant-associated infections. Herein, Au@Ag@Pt core–shell nanorods with noble metal combination were fabricated and assembled on medical titanium surface and the antibacterial activity and biocompatibility were investigated. The results showed that antibacterial rates of Ti–Au@Ag@Pt against S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa were 89.7% and 92.7%, respectively. Besides, Ti–Au@Ag@Pt showed no obvious cell toxicity with MC3T3-E1 cells grew well on the sample surface. It was discovered that the Pt shell layer on Ti–Au@Ag@Pt slowed down the Ag ion release rate which endowed medical titanium surface with both antibacterial activity and good biocompatibility

Spacing-Dependent Antimicrobial Efficacy of Immobilized Silver Nanoparticles

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with a similar mean particle diameter (∼5.0 nm) but distinguished dispersion densities were in situ fabricated and immobilized on plasma-sprayed titanium oxide coatings by a silver plasma immersion ion implantation process (Ag PIII). Experiments and theoretical predictions demonstrated that the efficacy of these Ag NPs against bacteria relies on their electron storage capability, which is the interparticle distance associated in the dark, and it is inversely dose-dependent. A particle population with a relatively large spacing distance is superior in concentrating the electrons extruded by bacterial cells, activating oxidative reactions, and disrupting the bacterial cells. The finding opens up a new window leading to active design and control of the interactions between materials and biological systems

Silicon-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes Promoted Bone Formation on Titanium Implants

While titanium (Ti) implants have been extensively used in orthopaedic and dental applications, the intrinsic bioinertness of untreated Ti surface usually results in insufficient osseointegration irrespective of the excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties of it. In this study, we prepared surface modified Ti substrates in which silicon (Si) was doped into the titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes on Ti surface using plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) technology. Compared to TiO2 nanotubes and Ti alone, Si-doped TiO2 nanotubes significantly enhanced the expression of genes related to osteogenic differentiation, including Col-I, ALP, Runx2, OCN, and OPN, in mouse pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and deposition of mineral matrix. In vivo, the pull-out mechanical tests after two weeks of implantation in rat femur showed that Si-doped TiO2 nanotubes improved implant fixation strength by 18% and 54% compared to TiO2-NT and Ti implants, respectively. Together, findings from this study indicate that Si-doped TiO2 nanotubes promoted the osteogenic differentiation of osteoblastic cells and improved bone-Ti integration. Therefore, they may have considerable potential for the bioactive surface modification of Ti implants

Spacing-Dependent Antimicrobial Efficacy of Immobilized Silver Nanoparticles

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with a similar mean particle diameter (∼5.0 nm) but distinguished dispersion densities were in situ fabricated and immobilized on plasma-sprayed titanium oxide coatings by a silver plasma immersion ion implantation process (Ag PIII). Experiments and theoretical predictions demonstrated that the efficacy of these Ag NPs against bacteria relies on their electron storage capability, which is the interparticle distance associated in the dark, and it is inversely dose-dependent. A particle population with a relatively large spacing distance is superior in concentrating the electrons extruded by bacterial cells, activating oxidative reactions, and disrupting the bacterial cells. The finding opens up a new window leading to active design and control of the interactions between materials and biological systems

Copper‐Zinc Bimetallic Single‐Atom Catalysts with Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance‐Enhanced Photothermal Effect and Catalytic Activity for Melanoma Treatment and Wound‐Healing

Abstract Nanomaterials with photothermal combined chemodynamic therapy (PTT‐CDT) have attracted the attention of researchers owing to their excellent synergistic therapeutic effects on tumors. Thus, the preparation of multifunctional materials with higher photothermal conversion efficiency and catalytic activity can achieve better synergistic therapeutic effects for melanoma. In this study, a Cu–Zn bimetallic single‐atom (Cu/PMCS) is constructed with augmented photothermal effect and catalytic activity due to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect. Density functional theory calculations confirmed that the enhanced photothermal effect of Cu/PMCS is due to the appearance of a new d‐orbital transition with strong spin‐orbit coupling and the induced LSPR. Additionally, Cu/PMCS exhibited increased catalytic activity in the Fenton‐like reaction and glutathione depletion capacity, further enhanced by increased temperature and LSPR. Consequently, Cu/PMCS induced better synergistic anti‐melanoma effects via PTT‐CDT than PMCS in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, compared with PMCS, Cu/PMCS killed bacteria more quickly and effectively, thus facilitating wound healing owing to the enhanced photothermal effect and slow release of Cu2+. Cu/PMCS promoted cell migration and angiogenesis and upregulated the expression of related genes to accelerate wound healing. Cu/PMCS has potential applications in treating melanoma and repairing wounds with its antitumor, antibacterial, and wound‐healing properties