497 research outputs found
Schwinger pair creation with the backreaction in 3 + 1 dimensions
In this work, I analyze the structure of the QED spacetime lattice and review
the Schwinger pair creation process from a thermodynamic point of view. This
viewpoint enables the dynamical mean-field calculation for the 3 + 1
dimensional Schwinger pair creation with the backreaction. As an example, I
demonstrate how to evaluate the pair creation in a finite volume with external
electric fields turned on at . The numerical results show how the
backreaction responds to the external fields and influences the pair creation
Regularization Methods for Nuclear Lattice Effective Field Theory
We investigate Nuclear Lattice Effective Field Theory for the two-body system
for several lattice spacings at lowest order in the pionless as well as in the
pionful theory. We discuss issues of regularizations and predictions for the
effective range expansion. In the pionless case, a simple Gaussian smearing
allows to demonstrate lattice spacing independence over a wide range of lattice
spacings. We show that regularization methods known from the continuum
formulation are necessary as well as feasible for the pionful approach.Comment: 7 pp, 2 figs, to appear in Physics Letters
Time-Dependent Transport Through Molecular Junctions
We investigate transport properties of molecular junctions under two types of
bias--a short time pulse or an AC bias--by combining a solution for the Green
functions in the time domain with electronic structure information coming from
ab initio density functional calculations. We find that the short time response
depends on lead structure, bias voltage, and barrier heights both at the
molecule-lead contacts and within molecules. Under a low frequency AC bias, the
electron flow either tracks or leads the bias signal (capacitive or resistive
response) depending on whether the junction is perfectly conducting or not. For
high frequency, the current lags the bias signal due to the kinetic inductance.
The transition frequency is an intrinsic property of the junctions.Comment: 5 pages, 9 figure
Evaluation and Establishing Strategies of Blended Learning
Blended learning is a new emerging learning method which integrates online learning and face-to- face learning. This paper aims at discussing the advantages and disadvantages of blended learning and propose approaches to fix some existing problems. Moreover, this paper also gives attention to Chinese blended learning experimental examples. The ultimate goal is to improve hybrid learning and benefit students and teachers
Intermolecular Effect in Molecular Electronics
We investigate the effects of lateral interactions on the conductance of two
molecules connected in parallel to semi-infinite leads. The method we use
combines a Green function approach to quantum transport with density functional
theory for the electronic properties. The system, modeled after a
self-assembled monolayer, consists of benzylmercaptane molecules sandwiched
between gold electrodes. We find that the conductance increases when
intermolecular interaction comes into play. The source of this increase is the
indirect interaction through the gold substrate rather than direct
molecule-molecule interaction. A striking resonance is produced only 0.3 eV
above the Fermi energy.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Experimental Investigation of Thermal Cracking and Permeability Evolution of Granite with Varying Initial Damage under High Temperature and Triaxial Compression
Thermal cracking and permeability evolution of granite under high temperature and triaxial compression are the key to designing high-level waste disposal sites. In this paper, uniaxial compression tests of granite specimens with different axial compression are designed, and then a solid-head-designed coupling triaxial testing system is applied to study thermal cracking and permeability evolution of granite specimen with different damage at different inlet gas pressures (1, 2, 4, and 6 MPa) and temperatures (ranging from 100 to 650°C). The test results show that granite, nearly impermeable rocks, can show a striking increase of permeability by heating beyond the critical temperature. When the initial axial pressure is 60% or 70% of the uniaxial compressive strength, the growth of granite permeability exhibits three stages during 100∼650°C heating process. Permeability increases by two orders of magnitude, but it does not reach the maximum value (i.e., a network of interconnected cracks is not fully formed in the specimen). With increasing initial damage, permeability shows a sharp increase. Permeability increases by three orders of magnitude, it is in equilibrium state, and a network of interconnected cracks is fully formed in the specimen. Permeability of granite has a critical temperature at which permeability increases sharply. When the temperature is lower than the critical temperature, the magnitude of permeability is 10−18 m2 with a slight increase. When temperature is higher than the critical temperature, the magnitude of permeability is 10−15 m2 with a sharp increase. The critical temperature is related to the initial damage of specimen, and the critical temperature is smaller with the initial damage going larger. Therefore, studying thermal cracking and permeability evolution of granite with different initial damage under high temperature and triaxial compression is expected to provide necessary and valuable insight into the design and construction of high-level waste disposal structures
H2B: Heartbeat-based Secret Key Generation Using Piezo Vibration Sensors
We present Heartbeats-2-Bits (H2B), which is a system for securely pairing
wearable devices by generating a shared secret key from the skin vibrations
caused by heartbeat. This work is motivated by potential power saving
opportunity arising from the fact that heartbeat intervals can be detected
energy-efficiently using inexpensive and power-efficient piezo sensors, which
obviates the need to employ complex heartbeat monitors such as
Electrocardiogram or Photoplethysmogram. Indeed, our experiments show that
piezo sensors can measure heartbeat intervals on many different body locations
including chest, wrist, waist, neck and ankle. Unfortunately, we also discover
that the heartbeat interval signal captured by piezo vibration sensors has low
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) because they are not designed as precision
heartbeat monitors, which becomes the key challenge for H2B. To overcome this
problem, we first apply a quantile function-based quantization method to fully
extract the useful entropy from the noisy piezo measurements. We then propose a
novel Compressive Sensing-based reconciliation method to correct the high bit
mismatch rates between the two independently generated keys caused by low SNR.
We prototype H2B using off-the-shelf piezo sensors and evaluate its performance
on a dataset collected from different body positions of 23 participants. Our
results show that H2B has an overwhelming pairing success rate of 95.6%. We
also analyze and demonstrate H2B's robustness against three types of attacks.
Finally, our power measurements show that H2B is very power-efficient
2D/3D Simulation of macrosegregation: a comparison between codes on a small cavity and on a large ingot
International audienceThis paper presents the coupled resolution of momentum, energy and solute conservation equations, for binary alloys by three different codes. The microsegregation is governed by the lever rule and the liquid flow in the mushy zone is modeled by a Darcy law. A 2D FV code, SOLID, a 2D FE code, R2SOL and a 3D FE code, THERCAST, are compared on an academic case on which experimental measurements have been done by Hebditch and Hunt, and on a benchmark steel ingot for industrial application. An adaptive anisotropic remeshing technique is used in each FE codes. For both codes, this technique is shortly described
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