DON reduction of wheat grain without compromising the lab-scale milling properties of flour

Wheat bran was investigated to be the most commonly contaminated raw material by mycotoxins. However, there are no economical and practical pretreatment methods for industrial on-line application until now. The effect of light debranning on deoxynivalenol (DON) removal, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and flour quality from lab-scale milling were performed. For on-line production, the DON concentration in wheat decreased 15.89% at debranning ratio of 1.2%. For lab experiment, the maximum DON removal for wheat and flour was 23.35% and 21.95%, respectively. However, the PPO activity, browning of dough sheet and flour qualities in lab scale exhibited no significant variation. Light debranning (1.2%) prior to milling could be efficiently applied to on-line wheat production

Production of biscuits by substitution with different ratios of yellow pea flour

To promote the commercialization of yellow pea flour (YPF) due to its nutritional benefits. Four biscuits with different YPF ratio (10%–50%) were conducted to explore the optimal addition percentage. The effects of YPF on the rheological and baking performance of biscuits were performed. The results showed that the substitution ratio of YPF and milling methods had a critical impact on the rheological properties of dough. The dough stability decreased gradually while a softening degree increased with YPF ratio increased. In a term of biscuits, the dimensions of length (L), width (W), thickness (T) and color (L*) of biscuits reduced as YPF addition ratio increased, while colors (a* and b*) and hardness apparently increased. In addition, milling methods had a great influence on the texture and sensory evaluation of four biscuits. The dimensions and color parameters of biscuits from fine flours were larger than that from coarse flours, whereas hardness from fine flours was relatively softer, indicating flour with fine particle size could accelerate the extension and expansion of dough network, and improve Maillard reaction during baking. The highest sensory score for short and tough biscuits was obtained given at YPF ratio of 30% without compromising the qualities of biscuits

Impact of key parameters on far-field temporary plugging and diverting fracturing in fractured reservoirs: A 2D finite element study

Temporary plugging and diverting fracturing technology is of utmost importance in stimulating fractured reservoirs. However, studies investigating the mechanisms of new fracture initiation and propagation during far-field temporary plugging and diverting fracturing have been scarce, and the optimal technique parameters are still unknown. To address this issue, a two-dimensional fracturing model is developed via the finite element method in this work, which simulates the temporary plugging effect using the equivalent viscosity temporary blockage method and the unrestrained growth of hydraulic fractures by globally embedding the cohesive element of zero-thickness. Then, some key parameters for far-field temporary plugging and diverting fracturing in fractured reservoirs are discussed and some interesting insights are given. Firstly, a lower-permeability plugging zone expedites the pressure increase within the fracture, thereby boosting the probability of achieving temporary plugging and diverting fracturing. The size of the plugging zone significantly impacts the pressure increase within the fracture. Secondly, the plugging position should be determined considering the density and arrangement of natural fractures in the layer, and the temporary plugging construction should be performed after maximizing the elongation of initial hydraulic fracture. Thirdly, an increase in fluid viscosity and injection displacement promotes the pressure rise inside the fracture. Nonetheless, the impact of injection displacement on temporary plugging and diverting fracturing surpasses that of fluid viscosity. Overall, the established model can inform the design of temporary plugging and diverting fracturing in fractured reservoirs.Document Type: Original articleCited as: Liu, P., Lou, F., Du, J., Chen, X., Liu, J., Wang, M. Impact of key parameters on far-field temporary plugging and diverting fracturing in fractured reservoirs: A 2D finite element study. Advances in Geo-Energy Research, 2023, 10(2): 104-116. https://doi.org/10.46690/ager.2023.11.0

Observation of Rydberg moir\'e excitons

Rydberg excitons, the solid-state counterparts of Rydberg atoms, have sparked considerable interest in harnessing their quantum application potentials, whereas a major challenge is realizing their spatial confinement and manipulation. Lately, the rise of two-dimensional moir\'e superlattices with highly tunable periodic potentials provides a possible pathway. Here, we experimentally demonstrate this capability through the observation of Rydberg moir\'e excitons (XRM), which are moir\'e trapped Rydberg excitons in monolayer semiconductor WSe2 adjacent to twisted bilayer graphene. In the strong coupling regime, the XRM manifest as multiple energy splittings, pronounced redshift, and narrowed linewidth in the reflectance spectra, highlighting their charge-transfer character where electron-hole separation is enforced by the strongly asymmetric interlayer Coulomb interactions. Our findings pave the way for pursuing novel physics and quantum technology exploitation based on the excitonic Rydberg states.Comment: 24 pages, including 4 figures and 6 supplementary figure

Designing efficient grid structures considering structural imperfection sensitivity

At the initial design stage of a grid structure, shape optimisation is an effective way to find the optimal structural form. However, most of the shape optimisation methods do not take into consideration the imperfections, thus the actual buckling load capacity of the optimised structure is usually low. In this paper, an improved shape optimisation method is proposed, one that is considering the effect of structural imperfection sensitivity. In this method, the bending strain energy ratio is taken as a constraint, and when the total strain energy decreases, yet there is a certain proportion of bending strain energy in the structure. Consequently, the resulted shape is not sensitive to the initial geometry imperfection, and therefore, an efficient structure with higher buckling load capacity and low imperfection sensitivity is obtained. In order to evaluate the redundancy performance of the optimised structure, an index called structural overall redundancy, based on damage model is proposed herein. The damage model is simulated by removing a key rod of the structure. The results demonstrate that the overall redundancy of the structure obtained by the proposed method is higher than that obtained by the traditional method, thus an optimal design of a grid structure is obtained

Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO

Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30$M_{\odot}$ for the case of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert, can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure

Non-Local Means De-Speckling Based on Multi-Directional Local Plane Inclination Angle

The unavoidable speckle in SAR images seriously interferes with image quality and has a negative effect on subsequent image interpretation. The existing filters still need to be strengthened in terms of both noise suppression and edge preservation. Based on this, a novel non-local means filter by multi-directional local plane inclination angle (MDLPIA) is proposed. The proposed filter uses the MDLPIA to reconstruct a new weight function for non-local means filtering. One instance of simulation data and four real SAR images are used for filtering experiments. In the experiment, seven other filters with excellent performance are selected for comparison, and six quantitative indicators are selected for algorithm performance evaluation. The experimental results show that the proposed filter achieves good visual and index evaluation results, and the equivalent number of looks (ENL) is at least 22.13 times higher than the unfiltered image. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm are thus verified

ROSITA: Refined BERT cOmpreSsion with InTegrAted techniques

Pre-trained language models of the BERT family have defined the state-of-the-arts in a wide range of NLP tasks. However, the performance of BERT-based models is mainly driven by the enormous amount of parameters, which hinders their application to resource-limited scenarios. Faced with this problem, recent studies have been attempting to compress BERT into a small-scale model. However, most previous work primarily focuses on a single kind of compression technique, and few attention has been paid to the combination of different methods. When BERT is compressed with integrated techniques, a critical question is how to design the entire compression framework to obtain the optimal performance. In response to this question, we integrate three kinds of compression methods (weight pruning, low-rank factorization and knowledge distillation (KD)) and explore a range of designs concerning model architecture, KD strategy, pruning frequency and learning rate schedule. We find that a careful choice of the designs is crucial to the performance of the compressed model. Based on the empirical findings, our best compressed model, dubbed Refined BERT cOmpreSsion with InTegrAted techniques (ROSITA), is 7.5x smaller than BERT while maintains 98.5% of the performance on five tasks of the GLUE benchmark, outperforming the previous BERT compression methods with similar parameter budget

effective map-matching on the most simplified road network

The effectiveness of map-matching algorithms highly depends on the accuracy and correctness of underlying road networks. In practice, the storage capacity of certain hardware, e.g. mobile devices and embedded systems, is sometimes insufficient to maintain a large digital map for map-matching. Unfortunately, most existing map-matching approaches consider little about this problem. They only apply to environments with information-rich maps, but turn out to be unacceptable for map-matching on simplified road networks. In this paper, we propose a novel map-matching algorithm called Passby to work on most simplified road networks. The storage size of a digital map in disk or memory can be greatly reduced after the simplification. Even under the most simplified situation, i.e., each road segment only consists of a couple of intersection points and omits any other information of it, the experimental results on real dataset show that our Passby algorithm significantly maintains high matching accuracy. Benefiting from the small size of map, simple index structure and heuristic foresight strategy, Passby improves matching accuracy as well as efficiency. © 2012 ACM.Google; Esri; Microsoft; Nokia; NVIDIAThe effectiveness of map-matching algorithms highly depends on the accuracy and correctness of underlying road networks. In practice, the storage capacity of certain hardware, e.g. mobile devices and embedded systems, is sometimes insufficient to maintain a large digital map for map-matching. Unfortunately, most existing map-matching approaches consider little about this problem. They only apply to environments with information-rich maps, but turn out to be unacceptable for map-matching on simplified road networks. In this paper, we propose a novel map-matching algorithm called Passby to work on most simplified road networks. The storage size of a digital map in disk or memory can be greatly reduced after the simplification. Even under the most simplified situation, i.e., each road segment only consists of a couple of intersection points and omits any other information of it, the experimental results on real dataset show that our Passby algorithm significantly maintains high matching accuracy. Benefiting from the small size of map, simple index structure and heuristic foresight strategy, Passby improves matching accuracy as well as efficiency. © 2012 ACM

Field Measurements of Wind Pressure on an Open Roof during Typhoons HaiKui and SuLi

Full-scale measurements of wind action on the open roof structure of the WuXi grand theater, which is composed of eight large-span free-form leaf-shaped space trusses with the largest span of 76.79 m, were conducted during the passage of Typhoons HaiKui and SuLi. The wind pressure field data were continuously and simultaneously monitored using a wind pressure monitoring system installed on the roof structure during the typhoons. A detailed analysis of the field data was performed to investigate the characteristics of the fluctuating wind pressure on the open roof, such as the wind pressure spectrum, spatial correlation coefficients, peak wind pressures and non-Gaussian wind pressure characteristics, under typhoon conditions. Three classical methods were used to calculate the peak factors of the wind pressure on the open roof, and the suggested design method and peak factors were given. The non-Gaussianity of the wind pressure was discussed in terms of the third and fourth statistical moments of the measured wind pressure, and the corresponding indication of the non-Gaussianity on the open roof was proposed. The result shows that there were large pulses in the time-histories of the measured wind pressure on Roof A2 in the field. The spatial correlation of the wind pressures on roof A2 between the upper surface and lower surface is very weak.When the skewness is larger than 0.3 and the kurtosis is larger than 3.7, the wind pressure time series on roof A2 can be taken as a non-Gaussian distribution, and the other series can be taken as a Gaussian distribution