Certain features of using modified collagen-containing raw materials with prolonged shelf life in food technology

In the current circumstances, trends in nutrition of a person striving to lead a healthy life-style require intake of meat products with the reduced energy value, minimal amounts of fat, increased protein mass fraction, presence of substances improving homeostasis of the body. The synergism of the modern nutrition science and meat industry enables creating food products that satisfy consumers’ demand. Today, in the Russian Federation, a theoretical and practical base of the technology development has been collected to the full extent in the field of rational processing of secondary raw materials in the food industry, optimal use of animal secondary raw materials, study of the protein ingredients of animal and plant origin and their deep scientifically substantiated processing, improvement of technological processes and equipment, and correspondently, product range extension. The paper broadens the information about the modified collagen-containing raw materials (cattle rumen), examines physico-chemical characteristics of the collagen-containing raw material and its changes in the process of freeze-drying with a special attention paid to the study of changes in the histological structure. The presence of the relatively uniform fibrillar structure was determined, which facilitated discovering the functional potential of proteinoids that form the fibrillar matrix in the composition of products from different groups. Analysis of IR-spectra revealed several significant absorption bands linked with the state of peptide bonds. The character of bands is linked with the complex of valence and deformation vibrations of the N- and С- types. It is believed that IR-spectra reflect conformations in the protein secondary structure, which suggests preserving properties of the tropocollagen particle or collagen molecule. Freeze-dried modified collagen-containing cattle rumen was tested by the example of jellies. The obtained databank broadens information about physico-chemical properties of modified collagen-containing raw materials (cattle rumen).In the current circumstances, trends in nutrition of a person striving to lead a healthy life-style require intake of meat products with the reduced energy value, minimal amounts of fat, increased protein mass fraction, presence of substances improving homeostasis of the body. The synergism of the modern nutrition science and meat industry enables creating food products that satisfy consumers’ demand. Today, in the Russian Federation, a theoretical and practical base of the technology development has been collected to the full extent in the field of rational processing of secondary raw materials in the food industry, optimal use of animal secondary raw materials, study of the protein ingredients of animal and plant origin and their deep scientifically substantiated processing, improvement of technological processes and equipment, and correspondently, product range extension. The paper broadens the information about the modified collagen-containing raw materials (cattle rumen), examines physico-chemical characteristics of the collagen-containing raw material and its changes in the process of freeze-drying with a special attention paid to the study of changes in the histological structure. The presence of the relatively uniform fibrillar structure was determined, which facilitated discovering the functional potential of proteinoids that form the fibrillar matrix in the composition of products from different groups. Analysis of IR-spectra revealed several significant absorption bands linked with the state of peptide bonds. The character of bands is linked with the complex of valence and deformation vibrations of the N- and С- types. It is believed that IR-spectra reflect conformations in the protein secondary structure, which suggests preserving properties of the tropocollagen particle or collagen molecule. Freeze-dried modified collagen-containing cattle rumen was tested by the example of jellies. The obtained databank broadens information about physico-chemical properties of modified collagen-containing raw materials (cattle rumen)

The Effect of Female Pheromone on the Functional State of Young Men

Introduction. Modern studies show that the presentation of smell of female mice before male mice infection with the influenza virus activates non-specific immune response which protects male mice from infection of the upper respiratory tract and reducing their mortality. However the researches have not studied the adaptive effect of female sexual pheromone on men.The aim of this work was to study the effect of odor of synthetic analogue of natural female pheromone (Osmopherine) on the functional state of young men often suffering from acute respiratory infections (ARI) and allergic diseases.Materials and methods. We studied four-week effect of Osmopherine on the psycho-emotional state, the concentration of hormones (testosterone, cortisol) and immunoglobulins (sIgA, total IgG), the percentage of leukocytes in the blood and the individual smell of young men, who have ARI more than 4 times a year or an allergic disease. The study involved 117 boys aged 19–23 years. Olfactory testing of individual odor samples of young men was carried out by young women (n = 32) aged 18–22 years.Results. It was found that female pheromone has a positive effect on the functional state of men with different immune systems. However its effect is caused by the pathogenesis of the disease. Application of Osmopherine in men with reduced immunity causes an increased activity, improved mood, reduced anxiety and stabilized testosterone level. Men with allergic diseases did not have the same effect. A significant 2 times decrease in the content of eosinophils was found, which indirectly indicates the decrease in the activity of the delayed phase of allergic reactions of immediate type.Conclusion. The immune system functions according to its internal laws and programs. However its activity for the benefit of the whole body is integrated and regulated by the nervous and endocrine systems. Therefore modulating effect on the functioning of the immune system can be mediated through the presentation of pheromones

Observations and analysis of two type IIP supernovae: the intrinsically faint object SN 2005cs and the ambiguous object SN 2005ay

Aims: To derive observational properties and physical parameters of the progenitor stars of type IIP supernovae SN 2005ay and SN 2005cs from their U,B,V,R,I CCD photometry, and to define their velocity behaviour. Methods: Light curves are analysed, and the velocities and spectral characteristics of SN 2005cs are obtained using synthetic spectra modeling. Results: Both supernovae are found to be fainter than the average SN IIP, with SN 2005cs being more subluminous and showing slight brightening in the second half of plateau stage in the V,R,I bands and a low expansion velocity. The effects of two different plausible distance moduli on the derived physical parameters of SN 2005ay are considered. Two approaches are used to recover the amounts of the ejected 56Ni, indicating masses of the order of 0.02 Msun, although late luminosities might indicate a higher amount for SN 2005ay, especially for the large distance case. Constraints on the progenitor properties are also presented, based on empirical analytical models. Two approaches are used to estimate the expansion velocities at the middle of the plateau phase. SN 2005cs represents an example of where all 3 physical parameters, velocity, energy and 56Ni mass are lower than average, a correlation not always observed in SNe IIP. SN 2005ay may belong to the same class if the shorter distance possibility is adopted. Furthermore, the estimated mass range for SN 2005cs is in agreement with limits established by using pre-supernova imaging.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, to be published in A&A vol.460, issue 3, December 200

Дослідження сучасних трендів розвитку цифрової логістики у фармацевтичній галузі

Aim. To analyze the current trends in the field of digitalization of pharmaceutical logistics and supply chain management in the context of the coronavirus pandemic and identify factors that hinder the introduction of digital technologies into the activities of pharmaceutical market entities. Materials and methods. To achieve the goal of the study, an analysis of foreign and domestic scientific literature, an expert survey of managers and employees of pharmaceutical companies was conducted. The research methods were abstract-logical, monographic, system and content analysis, expert survey. Results. The relevance of digitalization of pharmaceutical logistics and supply chain management in the context of the coronavirus pandemic has been substantiated. A review of the practice of implementing digital technologies in the activities of domestic pharmaceutical companies has been conducted. According to the expert survey, the problems of introducing digital technologies into the activities of pharmaceutical companies from the point of view of managers and the staff have been identified. The reasons that hinder the process of introducing modern digital technologies into the activities of the domestic pharmaceutical sector in the field of healthcare have been determined. Conclusions. The use of digital technologies is a necessary element of restructuring the information and logistics support for all participants in pharmaceutical supply chains, improving the reliability and quality of their activities and protecting the chains from counterfeit products. This problem is especially relevant in a pandemic when a well-organized and uninterrupted pharmaceutical logistics becomes in many cases an important condition for preserving not only health, but also human life. Therefore, today it is necessary to implement a comprehensive system of measures aimed at increasing the level of digitalization of the pharmaceutical industry, which will contribute to increasing the efficiency of the functioning of pharmaceutical supply chains, as well as improving the reliability and continuity of drug supply to the population of Ukraine.Мета – аналіз актуальних трендів у сфері цифровізації фармацевтичної логістики та управління ланцюгами постачань в умовах пандемії коронавірусу і визначення чинників, які уповільнюють упровадження цифрових технологій у діяльність суб’єктів фармацевтичного ринку. Матеріали та методи. Для досягнення мети дослідження проаналізовано закордонну і вітчизняну наукову літературу, здійснено експертне опитування керівників і працівників фармацевтичних компаній. Методами дослідження є абстрактно-логічний, монографічний, системний і контент-аналіз, експертне опитування. Результати дослідження. Обґрунтовано актуальність цифровізації фармацевтичної логістики та управління ланцюгами постачань в умовах пандемії коронавірусу для підвищення надійності й безпечності їх функціонування. Проведено огляд практики впровадження цифрових технологій у діяльність вітчизняних фармацевтичних компаній. За даними експертного опитування визначено проблеми впровадження цифрових технологій у діяльність фармацевтичних компаній із погляду керівників і персоналу. Визначено причини, які перешкоджають процесу впровадження сучасних цифрових технологій у діяльність вітчизняного фармацевтичного сектора галузі охорони здоров’я. Висновки. Застосування цифрових технологій є необхідним елементом реструктуризації інформаційно-логістичного забезпечення діяльності всіх учасників фармацевтичних ланцюгів постачань, підвищення надійності та якості їхньої діяльності й захисту ланцюгів від потрапляння в них фальсифікованої продукції. Ця проблема особливо актуалізується за пандемії, коли якісно організована і безперебійна фармацевтична логістика стає в багатьох випадках важливою умовою збереження не тільки здоров’я, але й людського життя. Тому сьогодні необхідна розробка і впровадження комплексної системи заходів, спрямованих на підвищення рівня цифровізації фармацевтичної галузі, що сприятиме підвищенню ефективності функціонування фармацевтичних ланцюгів постачань і надійності та безперебійності лікарського забезпечення населення України

Isospin Character of the Pygmy Dipole Resonance in 124Sn

The pygmy dipole resonance has been studied in the proton-magic nucleus 124Sn with the (a,a'g) coincidence method at E=136 MeV. The comparison with results of photon-scattering experiments reveals a splitting into two components with different structure: one group of states which is excited in (a,a'g) as well as in (g,g') reactions and a group of states at higher energies which is only excited in (g,g') reactions. Calculations with the self-consistent relativistic quasiparticle time-blocking approximation and the quasiparticle phonon model are in qualitative agreement with the experimental results and predict a low-lying isoscalar component dominated by neutron-skin oscillations and a higher-lying more isovector component on the tail of the giant dipole resonance

Validation of a test procedure for determination of specific activity of human recombinant interferon beta (Infibeta®) using various cell/virus combinations

Interferon beta preparations have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. One of the most important quality attributes that support efficacy and safety of interferon beta preparations is specific antiviral activity. Interferon beta activity is determined by the biological test method which can lead to an erroneous final result due to the system uncertainties that contribute to the overall uncertainty. Accurate assessment of specific activity plays an important role in adequate determination of the product’s therapeutic dose, therefore the test method standardisation and validation are of particular relevance. The aim of the study was to validate a test procedure for assessing specific activity of human recombinant interferon beta preparations, using various cell/virus combinations, as illustrated by the example of Infibeta®. Materials and methods: WISH, Vero, A-549, and MDBK cells in combination with mouse encephalomyocarditis virus were used in the study. The testing was performed using the biological test method based on the interferon ability to suppress virus-induced cytopathic effects in cell cultures. The results were processed using methods of mathematical statistics and the GraphPadPrism, Statistical 2/0 software package. Results: the paper compares the results of specific activity determination of Infibeta® (interferon beta-1b) using various cell/virus combinations. The dose-response curves were used to compare the test results. It was demonstrated that all the tested cell lines could be used in the biological test procedure for determination of interferon beta specific activity. However, the best results were obtained with A-549, WISH cells in combination with mouse encephalomyocarditis virus. The following validation characteristics were determined in the cell/virus systems: specificity, linearity, precision, and robustness. Conclusions: the study validated the test procedure that enables measurement of interferon beta specific activity in the range of 4.8–11.2 IU/mL at a satisfactory accuracy level, which guarantees reliable test results. The study demonstrated robustness, intermediate precision, and reproducibility of the test procedure

Antioxidants of Belgorod State University Botanical Garden Plants: Ribes Aureum Fruits Anthocyanins

According to the results of the study, it was found that currant berries of this species contain four main anthocyanins: delfinidin-3-glucoside, delfinidin-3-rutinroside, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinosid

Pygmy dipole resonance in 208Pb

Scattering of protons of several hundred MeV is a promising new spectroscopic tool for the study of electric dipole strength in nuclei. A case study of 208Pb shows that at very forward angles J^pi = 1- states are strongly populated via Coulomb excitation. A separation from nuclear excitation of other modes is achieved by a multipole decomposition analysis of the experimental cross sections based on theoretical angular distributions calculated within the quasiparticle-phonon model. The B(E1) transition strength distribution is extracted for excitation energies up to 9 MeV, i.e., in the region of the so-called pygmy dipole resonance (PDR). The Coulomb-nuclear interference shows sensitivity to the underlying structure of the E1 transitions, which allows for the first time an experimental extraction of the electromagnetic transition strength and the energy centroid of the PDR.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev.

Complete electric dipole response and the neutron skin in 208Pb

A benchmark experiment on 208Pb shows that polarized proton inelastic scattering at very forward angles including 0{\deg} is a powerful tool for high-resolution studies of electric dipole (E1) and spin magnetic dipole (M1) modes in nuclei over a broad excitation energy range to test up-to-date nuclear models. The extracted E1 polarizability leads to a neutron skin thickness r_skin = 0.156+0.025-0.021 fm in 208Pb derived within a mean-field model [Phys. Rev. C 81, 051303 (2010)], thereby constraining the symmetry energy and its density dependence, relevant to the description of neutron stars.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, revised mansucrip