209 research outputs found
Wine Sampler
Quality testing is an important part of the wine industry. Without proper quality control, thousands of dollars could be wasted on bottling and recalling hundreds of gallons of wine. Due to this, labs are set up that collect wine samples from the tanks in a wine production plant and test them. A big part of this testing is determining exactly what tanks need to be tested and what tanks are at risk. My project aims to help automate this task by collecting data from the tanks wirelessly and keeping track of simple indicators such as pH and temperature. Automating this process will result in less time being spent on climbing up ladders and retrieving samples daily from tanks that do not need it thereby saving the industry time and money
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Hydrolysable tannin-based diet rich in gallotannins has a minimal impact on pig performance but significantly reduces salivary and bulbo-urethral gland size
Tannins have long been considered ‘anti-nutritional’ factors in monogastric nutrition, shown to reduce feed intake and palatability. However, recent studies revealed that compared to condensed tannins, hydrolysable tannins (HT) appear to have far less impact on growth performance but may be inhibitory to the total activity of caecal bacteria. This in turn could reduce microbial synthesis of skatole and indole in the hindgut of entire males (EM). Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the impact of a group of dietary HT on growth performance, carcass traits and boar taint compounds of group housed EM. For the study, 36 Swiss Large White boars were assigned within litter to three treatment groups. Boars were offered ad libitum one of three finisher diets supplemented with 0 (C), 15 (T15) or 30 g/kg (T30) of HT from d 105 to 165 of age. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, boar taint compounds in the adipose tissue and CYP2E1, CYP1A2, and CYP2A19 gene expression in the liver was assessed. Compared to C, feed efficiency but not daily gain and daily feed intake was lower (P < 0.05) in T15 and T30 boars. Except for the percent carcass weight loss during cooling, which tended (P < 0.10) to be greater in T30 than C and T15, carcass characteristics were not affected by the diets. In line with the numerically lower androstenone level, bulbo-urethral and salivary glands of T30 boars were lighter (P < 0.05) than of T15 with intermediate values for C. Indole level was lower (P < 0.05) in the adipose tissue of T30 than C pigs with intermediate levels in T15. Skatole levels tended (P < 0.10) to be lower in T30 and C than T15 pigs. Hepatic gene expression of CYP isoenzymes did not differ between treatment groups but was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with androstenone (CYP2E1 and CYP1A2), skatole (CYP2E1, CYP2A) and indole (CYP2A) level. In line with the numerically highest androstenone and skatole concentrations, boar taint odour but not flavour was detected by the panelists in loins from T15 compared with loins from C and T30 boars. These results provide evidence that HT affected metabolism of indolic compounds and androstenone and that they affected the development of accessory sex glands. However, the effects were too small to be detected by sensory evaluation
Popular attitudes to memory, the body, and social identity : the rise of external commemoration in Britain, Ireland, and New England
A comparative analysis of samples of external memorials from burial grounds in Britain, Ireland and New England reveals a widespread pattern of change in monument style and content, and exponential growth in the number of permanent memorials from the 18th century onwards. Although manifested in regionally distinctive styles on which most academic attention has so far been directed, the expansion reflects global changes in social relationships and concepts of memory and the body. An archaeological perspective reveals the importance of external memorials in articulating these changing attitudes in a world of increasing material consumption
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The impact of an observationally based surface emissivity dataset on the simulation of Microwave Sounding Unit Temperatures
Relatively few studies have attempted to simulate synthetic MSU temperatures with use of a radiation model. Most employ the simpler and computationally less-expensive method of applying a static, global-mean weighting function to three-dimensional profiles of atmospheric temperature. Both approaches require a number of key assumptions. One of the major assumptions relates to surface emissivity. To date, two different strategies have been used for prescribing surface emissivity values. The first assumes a fixed global surface emissivity, while the second specifies separate (time-invariant) emissivity values for land and ocean. In this research, we introduce space- and time-dependence to the specified emissivity fields, using recent observationally-based estimates of surface emissivity changes over 1988 to 2000. We use a radiative transfer code to explore the impact of this more complex treatment of surface emissivity. This sensitivity analysis is performed with monthly-mean fields of surface temperature, atmospheric temperature, and moisture taken from multiple reanalyses. Our goal is to quantify the possible impact of emissivity changes on global-scale estimates of tropospheric temperature trends (e.g., trends estimated from MSU channel 2 and MSU 2LT), and to document the sensitivity of synthetic MSU temperatures to a variety of input data and processing choices
Wild Blueberries 1999 CSREES Progress Reports
The 1999 edition of the Wild Blueberries CSREES Progress Reports was prepared for the Maine Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include:
1. Effects of QF Processing on Microbiological Quality of Maine Wild Blueberries
2. Separation of Maggot-Infested Blueberries in the IQF Processing Line
3. Determination of Pesticide Residue Levels in Fresh and Processed Wild Blueberries
4. Control Tactics for Blueberry Pest Insects
5. IPM Strategies
6. Biology and Ecology of Blueberry Pest Insects
7. Survey of Stem Blight and Leaf Spot Diseases in Lowbush Blueberry Fields
8. Phosphorus/Nitrogen Fertilizer Ratio
9. Effect of Fertilizer Timing on Lowbush Blueberry Growth and Productivity
10. Effect of Soil pH on Nutrient Uptake
11. Effect of Boron Application Methods on Boron Uptake in Lowbush Blueberries
12. Effect of Nutri-Phite P+K on growth and yield of lowbush blueberry
13. Effect of Crop-Set on growth and yield of lowbush blueberry
14. Crop year fertilization of lowbush blueberry
15. Alternative Methods of Grass Control
16. Cultural Weed Management Using pH
17. Investigation of Hexazinone Alternatives for Weed Control
18. Comparison of Sulfosate and Glyphosate for Weed Control
19. Evaluation of VC1447 for Weed Control in Wild blueberries
20. Blueberry/ Cranberry Extension Education Program in 1999
21. Effect of Rate, Formulation and Application Method on Efficacy and Phytotoxicity of Granular Hexazinone in Wild Blueberry Fields
22. 1999 Fungicide Evaluation Field Trial
23. 1999 Hexazinone Groundwater Survey Pollination
24. Sustainable Pollination of Wild Blueberr
Hydrolysable tannin-based diet rich in gallotannins has a minimal impact on pig performance but significantly reduces salivary and bulbourethral gland size
Tannins have long been considered anti-nutritional' factors in monogastric nutrition, shown to reduce feed intake and palatability. However, recent studies revealed that compared with condensed tannins, hydrolysable tannins (HT) appear to have far less impact on growth performance, but may be inhibitory to the total activity of caecal bacteria. This in turn could reduce microbial synthesis of skatole and indole in the hindgut of entire male pigs (EM). Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the impact of a group of dietary HT on growth performance, carcass traits and boar taint compounds of group housed EM. For the study, 36 Swiss Large White boars were assigned within litter to three treatment groups. Boars were offered ad libitum one of three finisher diets supplemented with 0 (C), 15 (T15) or 30 g/kg (T30) of HT from day 105 to 165 of age. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, boar taint compounds in the adipose tissue and cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes CYP2E1, CYP1A2 and CYP2A19 gene expression in the liver was assessed. Compared with C, feed efficiency but not daily gain and daily feed intake was lower (P<0.05) in T15 and T30 boars. Except for the percentage carcass weight loss during cooling, which tended (P<0.10) to be greater in T30 than C and T15, carcass characteristics were not affected by the diets. In line with the numerically lower androstenone level, bulbourethral and salivary glands of T30 boars were lighter (P<0.05) than of T15 with intermediate values for C. Indole level was lower (P<0.05) in the adipose tissue of T30 than C pigs with intermediate levels in T15. Skatole levels tended (P<0.10) to be lower in T30 and C than T15 pigs. Hepatic gene expression of CYP isoenzymes did not differ between-treatment groups, but was negatively correlated (P<0.05) with androstenone (CYP2E1 and CYP1A2), skatole (CYP2E1, CYP2A) and indole (CYP2A) level. In line with the numerically highest androstenone and skatole concentrations, boar taint odour but not flavour was detected by the panellists in loins from T15 compared with loins from C and T30 boars. These results provide evidence that HT affected metabolism of indolic compounds and androstenone and that they affected the development of accessory sex glands. However, the effects were too small to be detected by sensory evaluation
1996 Wild Blueberry CSREES Progress Reports/1996 Wild Blueberry Tax Reports
The 1996 edition of the Wild Blueberry CSREES Progress Reports/Wild Blueberry Tax Reports was prepared for the Maine Wild Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include:
Wild Blueberry CSREES Progress Reports:
1. Factors affecting the quality of Individually Quick Frozen (IQF) wild blueberries
2. Factors affecting the physical and chemical properties of IQF wild blueberries
3. Preventing the bleeding of blueberry fruit in bakery products
4. Amylase test development
5. Determination of pesticide residue levels in freshly harvested and processed wild blueberries
6. Sustainable pollination of wild blueberry
7. Potential for biological control of insect pests of wild blueberry
8. Effect of desiccation on wild blueberry winter survival and cold temperature tolerance
9. Population variation in low-temperature tolerance of wild blueberry
10. Influence of flower delaying sprays on seasonal variation of low temperature tolerance in wild blueberry
11. Effect of various levels of disbudding on yield of wild blueberry
12. Effect of boron and the polyamine putrescine on wild blueberry fruit set and yield
13. Effect of soil pH on nutrient uptake
14. Phosphorus uptake
15. Correcting boron deficiency
16. Hexazinone groundwater survey
17. Effect of time of fall pruning on growth and productivity of wild blueberries
18. Evaluation of Pronone® spot treatments for control of St. Johnswort, dogbane, bracken fern, witch grass/fall panicum and bunchberry
19. Effect of hexazinone formulation on movement through the soil profile
20. Effect of plant source and density on spread of wild blueberry
Wild Blueberry Tax Reports:
21. Control of wild blueberry diseases
22. Control of wild blueberry pest insects
23. Biology and action thresholds of secondary blueberry pest insects
24. Phosphorus/nitrogen fertilizer ratio
25. Effect of surfactant and ammonium sulfate on glyphosate activity
26. Blueberry Extension Education Program Bas
Measures of outcome for stimulant trials: ACTTION recommendations and research agenda
BACKGROUND:
The development and approval of an efficacious pharmacotherapy for stimulant use disorders has been limited by the lack of a meaningful indicator of treatment success, other than sustained abstinence.
METHODS:
In March, 2015, a meeting sponsored by Analgesic, Anesthetic, and Addiction Clinical Trial Translations, Innovations, Opportunities, and Networks (ACTTION) was convened to discuss the current state of the evidence regarding meaningful outcome measures in clinical trials for stimulant use disorders. Attendees included members of academia, funding and regulatory agencies, pharmaceutical companies, and healthcare organizations. The goal was to establish a research agenda for the development of a meaningful outcome measure that may be used as an endpoint in clinical trials for stimulant use disorders.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:
Based on guidelines for the selection of clinical trial endpoints, the lessons learned from prior addiction clinical trials, and the process that led to identification of a meaningful indicator of treatment success for alcohol use disorders, several recommendations for future research were generated. These include a focus on the validation of patient reported outcome measures of functioning, the exploration of patterns of stimulant abstinence that may be associated with physical and/or psychosocial benefits, the role of urine testing for validating self-reported measures of stimulant abstinence, and the operational definitions for reduction-based measures in terms of frequency rather than quantity of stimulant use. These recommendations may be useful for secondary analyses of clinical trial data, and in the design of future clinical trials that may help establish a meaningful indicator of treatment success
2001 Wild Blueberry CSREES Project Reports
The 2001 edition of the Wild Blueberry CSREES Progress Reports was prepared for the Maine Wild Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include:
1. Effect of Wild Blueberry Products on Oxidation in Meat Based Food Systems
2. Factors Affecting the Microbial and Pesticide Residues Levels on Wild Blueberries
3. Determination of Pesticide Residue Levels in Fresh and Processed Wild Blueberries
4. Separation of Maggot-Infested Wild Blueberries in the IQF Processing Line
5. Water Use of Wild Blueberries and the Impact of Plant Water Stress on Yields
6. Survey of Stem Blight and Leaf Spot Diseases in Wild Blueberry Fields
7. IPM Strategies
8. Control Tactics for Wild Blueberry Pest Insects, 2001
9. Biology and Ecology of Blueberry Pest Insects
10. Diurnal Bee Activity and Measurement of Honeybee Field Strength
11. Effect of Foliar-applied Iron (Fe) Chelate Concentration on Leaf Iron Concentration, Wild Blueberry Growth and Yield
12. Effect of Boron Application Methods on Boron Uptake in Wild Blueberries
13. Effect of Foliar Iron and Copper Application on Growth and Yield of Wild Blueberries
14. Effect of Fertilizer Timing on Wild Blueberry Growth and Productivity
15. Effect of Foliar Copper Application on Growth and Yield of Wild Blueberries
16. Effect of Prune-year Applications of Nutri-Phitetm P or Nutri-Phitetm P+K on Growth and Yield of Wild Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)
17. Effect of Soil pH on Nutrient Uptake
18. Assessment of Azafenidin for Weed Control in Wild Blueberries
19. Assessment of Rimsulfuron for Weed Control in Wild Blueberries
20. Assessment of Pendimethalin for Weed Control in Wild Blueberries
21. Evaluation and Demonstration of Techniques for Filling in Bare Spots in Wild Blueberry Fields
22. Assessment of Sprout-less Weeder for Hardwood Control in Wild Blueberries
23. Wild Blueberry Extension Education Program in 2001
24. Evaluation of Fungicide Efficacy in Wild Blueberry Fields
25. 2001 Pesticide Groundwater Survey
26. Cultural Weed Management Using Sulfur to Lower the pH
27. Wild Blueberry Web Sit
Liver injury and fibrosis induced by dietary challenge in the ossabaw miniature Swine
BACKGROUND: Ossabaw miniature swine when fed a diet high in fructose, saturated fat and cholesterol (NASH diet) develop metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) characterized by liver injury and fibrosis. This study was conducted to further characterize the development of NASH in this large animal model. METHODS: Ossabaw swine were fed standard chow (control group; n = 6) or NASH diet (n = 6) for 24 weeks. Blood and liver tissue were collected and liver histology were characterized at 0, 8, 16 and 24 weeks of dietary intervention. Hepatic apoptosis and lipid levels were assessed at week 24. RESULTS: The NASH diet group developed metabolic syndrome and progressive histologic features of NASH including: (a) hepatocyte ballooning at 8 weeks which progressed to extensive ballooning (>90% hepatocytes), (b) hepatic fibrosis at week 16, which progressed to moderate fibrosis, and (c) Kupffer cell accumulation with vacuolization at 8 weeks which progressed through week 24. The NASH diet group showed increased hepatocyte apoptosis that correlated with hepatic total and free cholesterol and free fatty acids, but not esterified cholesterol or triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS: This report further characterizes the progression of diet-induced NASH in the Ossabaw swine model. In Ossabaw swine fed the NASH diet: (a) hepatocyte injury and fibrosis can occur without macrovesicular steatosis or excess triglyceride accumulation; (b) hepatocyte ballooning generally precedes the development of fibrosis; (c) there is increased hepatocyte apoptosis, and it is correlated more significantly with hepatic free cholesterol than hepatic free fatty acids and had no correlation with hepatic triglycerides
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