Limiting autonomy of the individual or human rights and freedoms protection? Legal aspects of physical coercion in psychiatry

The publication is concentrated on the use of direct coercion in psychiatry. I tried to answer on the question whether using direct coercion always leads to the limitation of individual autonomy, whether provides the protection of constitutional law and human freedom. Unraveling above background would be impossible without refer to the human rights which is a source of basic laws and freedom. The reference to limitation of individual autonomy was based on Bioethical Convention. Situation and requirements became closer which explain and can create a foundation for using a direct coercion. In this article, circumstances were intorduced in which in compliance with law, using direct coercion is acceptable as well as rules and the course. The relationship was noticed between its application and required agreement of individual to grand the health care.The publication is concentrated on the use of direct coercion in psychiatry. I tried to answer on the question whether using direct coercion always leads to the limitation of individual autonomy, whether provides the protection of constitutional law and human freedom. Unraveling above background would be impossible without refer to the human rights which is a source of basic laws and freedom. The reference to limitation of individual autonomy was based on Bioethical Convention. Situation and requirements became closer which explain and can create a foundation for using a direct coercion. In this article, circumstances were intorduced in which in compliance with law, using direct coercion is acceptable as well as rules and the course. The relationship was noticed between its application and required agreement of individual to grand the health care

Genetic characterization of parvoviruses circulating in turkey and chicken flocks in Poland

Between 2008 and 2011, commercial turkey and chicken flocks in Poland were examined for the presence of turkey parvovirus (TuPV) and chicken parvovirus (ChPV). Clinical samples (10 individual faecal swabs/flock) from 197 turkey flocks (turkeys aged 1 to 19 weeks) and 45 chicken flocks (chickens aged 3 to 17 weeks) were collected in different regions of the country and tested using a PCR assay that targeted the NS1 gene (3’ORF). The prevalence of TuPV was 29.4 % in the flocks tested, while ChPV infections were found in 22.2 % of the studied flocks. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a clear division into three groups: ChPV-like, TuPV-like and a third, previously unrecognized and distinct subgroup, TuPV-LUB, containing exclusively three Polish isolates from turkeys. The isolates from the novel group showed as little as 50.6-64.5 % of nucleotide sequence identity to the prototype chicken and turkey parvovirus strains. Genetic analysis of a ChPV isolate that was classified in the TuPV group strongly suggests a recombination event between chicken and turkey parvoviruses

Psychologiczne aspekty stosowania instytucji nadzwyczajnego obostrzenia ustawowego zagrożenia wobec sprawcy na gruncie art.178 § 1 K

The pages of this publication attempt to take into account various factors that may affect the state of inebriation or intoxication of man. States depriving individual impact on their own action were also presented in the field of drug use high-grade products, as well as the capacity reduction that recognise the importance of the act or direct proceedings under their influence was predicted. Stressors were classified according to their severity in relation to the issue of the article. Mental disorders were listed that appear in response to a traumatic event. Symptoms of acute stress and its relationship with the person’s behaviour were shown. It highlighted the doubts that arise on particular issues. The possibility of settlement was signalled. At the conclusions, explored issues were summarized.The pages of this publication attempt to take into account various factors that may affect the state of inebriation or intoxication of man. States depriving individual impact on their own action were also presented in the field of drug use high-grade products, as well as the capacity reduction that recognise the importance of the act or direct proceedings under their influence was predicted. Stressors were classified according to their severity in relation to the issue of the article. Mental disorders were listed that appear in response to a traumatic event. Symptoms of acute stress and its relationship with the person’s behaviour were shown. It highlighted the doubts that arise on particular issues. The possibility of settlement was signalled. At the conclusions, explored issues were summarized

Psychological aspects of application of the statutory restriction institution extraordinary treat to the perpetrator under article 178 § 1 KK

The pages of this publication attempt to take into account various factors that may affect the state of inebriation or intoxication of man. States depriving individual impact on their own action were also presented in the field of drug use high-grade products, as well as the capacity reduction that recognise the importance of the act or direct proceedings under their influence was predicted. Stressors were classified according to their severity in relation to the issue of the article. Mental disorders were listed that appear in response to a traumatic event. Symptoms of acute stress and its relationship with the person’s behaviour were shown. It highlighted the doubts that arise on particular issues. The possibility of settlement was signalled. At the conclusions, explored issues were summarized.4232532Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczn

Assessment of the intima-media thickness and pulse-wave velocity in peripheral arteries in patients with angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease

Background: Non-invasive methods of assessment of the vascular wall have become of significant interest in recent years. They allow better prediction of cardiovascular lesions when combined with evaluation of established cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the combination of ultrasonographic assessment of intima-media thickness (IMT) and pulse-wave velocity (PWV) measurement in peripheral arteries results in an increased predictive value for the presence of atherosclerotic coronary lesions. In addition, selected established risk factors for atherosclerosis were analysed for their association with IMT and PWV. Methods: Fifty patients with angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease were included in the study. In all patients ultrasonographic assessment of IMT was performed in the common carotid artery (CCA), the carotid artery bulb (CB) and the common femoral artery (CFA). Simultaneously PWV was recorded between CCA and the brachial and femoral arteries. Results: A higher IMT was noted both in CB and CFA as compared to CCA. Carotid-brachial PWV was higher compared to carotid-femoral PWV. Carotid-femoral PWV correlated with IMT (p = 0.015) and the presence of atherosclerotic plaques (p = 0.04) in CB. No similar relation was found for carotid-brachial PWV. IMT in CCA, CB, and CFA was significantly higher in subjects with triple-vessel disease compared to patients with single-vessel or doublevessel disease. We also found a trend for higher PWV values in patients with multivessel disease but these differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Combining ultrasonographic assessment of IMT and PWV measurements in peripheral arteries results in an increased predictive value for the presence of atherosclerotic coronary lesions. Isolated PWV measurements are less useful for non-invasive coronary risk assessment than IMT measurements

The value of dobutamine stress echocardiography in predicting clinical improvement following coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction

Background: Recent years have seen an increasing number of patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and left ventricular systolic dysfunction being qualified for cardiac surgery. Identification of patients who are likely to benefit most from revascularisation procedures poses a considerable problem. The aim of the study was to assess the value of dobutamine stress echocardiography in predicting the clinical course following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction. Methods: Fifty patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF < 40%) who were qualified for CABG were included in the study. Resting echocardiography and a small-dose (5&#8211;10 &#181;g/kg/min) dobutamine test were performed before the procedure. Subsequent tests were repeated after the procedure and at 3.6 and 12 months. A combined endpoint of death, repeat hospitalisations, NYHA stage, severity of angina and left ventricular systolic function was evaluated. Results: Two factors were found to affect the prognosis adversely following CABG in both univariate and multivariate analysis: a history of hypertension (p = 0.039, OR 4.9, 95% CI 1.4-17.1) and lack of improvement in contractility in at least 4 segments during the dobutamine test (p = 0.0003, OR 37.2, 95% CI 6.3-218.4). An improvement in contractility in at least 4 segments of the left ventricle is the most important prognostic factor. Conclusions: The results of the dobutamine stress test have a more potent prognostic value than clinical or demographic parameters in predicting clinical improvement. Patients with negative results of the test represent the group with the gravest prognosis. (Cardiol J 2007; 14: 174-179