Letters of Credit—A Comparison of Article 5 of the Uniform Commercial Code and the Washington Practice [Part 1]

It is our hope that this discussion will serve a dual purpose: (1) provide a basis for evaluating the desirability of Article 5 and so aid in an over-all evaluation of the Uniform Commercial Code in this period of pre-enactment consideration of the Code\u27s merits, and (2) provide a point of departure for Washington bankers and lawyers who become concerned with letter of credit problems after enactment of the Code. The first of these objectives seems better served if we undertake with each section a critique of its operation in light of the existing practice. This we have done

Survival, Breeding Frequency, and Migratory Orientation in the Jefferson Salamander, \u3ci\u3eAmbystoma Jeffersonianum\u3c/i\u3e

Accurate estimates of demographic parameters, such as survival and breeding frequency, are necessary for the conservation and management of animal populations. Additionally, life-history data are required for gaining an empirical understanding of the ecology of natural populations. We monitored a population of Jefferson Salamanders (Ambystoma jeffersonianum) breeding in a permanent mountain-top pond at the southern limit of this species’ geographic range in Virginia over four years. We used closed multistate mark-recapture models with Pollock\u27s robust design to estimate the demographic parameters of this population. Additionally, we used point-of-capture data to compare the orientation of migrations into and out of the pond within and among years. Our model selection results support consistent annual adult survival across years with higher estimates for males compared to females. Our estimates of the probability of breeding in sequential years were high for both sexes during the four years of our study. Our model rankings and capture probability estimates indicate that females had a higher probability of detection when entering the breeding pond, likely reflecting differences between the sexes in arrival time to the pond. We found directionality in some, but not all, annual migrations, despite indications of individual fidelity in orientation across years. Our study provides the first estimates of breeding probability and assessment of migratory orientation patterns for A. jeffersonianum and contributes to the understanding of the reproductive ecology and natural history of pond-breeding amphibians

Wildlife conservation : a 4-H club activity

Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics, University of Missouri, College of Agriculture and the United States Department of Agriculture cooperating."January, 1941."Title from cover.Form at end: Annual report and record of 4-H Club Wildlife Activities. Original, folded in back of book, is 21 x 28 cm

Penrose Diagram for a Transient Black Hole

A Penrose diagram is constructed for a spatially coherent black hole that smoothly begins an accretion, then excretes symmetrically as measured by a distant observer, with the initial and final states described by a metric of Minkowski form. Coordinate curves on the diagram are computationally derived. Causal relationships between space-time regions are briefly discussed. The life cycle of the black hole demonstrably leaves asymptotic observers in an unaltered Minkowski space-time of uniform conformal scale.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, spelling correction

Lie discrete symmetries of lattice equations

We extend two of the methods previously introduced to find discrete symmetries of differential equations to the case of difference and differential-difference equations. As an example of the application of the methods, we construct the discrete symmetries of the discrete Painlev\'e I equation and of the Toda lattice equation

Damage of woven composite under tensile and shear stress using infrared thermography and micrographic cuts

Infrared thermography was used to study damage developing in woven fabrics. Two different experiments were performed, a ±45° tensile test and a rail shear test. These two different types of tests show different damage scenarios, even if the shear stress/strain curves are similar. The ±45° tension test shows matrix hardening and matrix cracking whereas the rail shear test shows only matrix hardening. The infrared thermography was used to perform an energy balance, which enabled the visualization of the portion of dissipated energy caused by matrix cracking. The results showed that when the resin is subjected to pure shear, a larger amount of energy is stored by the material, whereas when the resin is subjected to hydrostatic pressure, the main part of mechanical energy is dissipated as heat

Winding number order in the Haldane model with interactions

We study the Haldane model with nearest–neighbor interactions. This model is physically motivated by the associated implementation with ultracold atoms. We show that the topological phase of the interacting model can be characterized by a physically observable winding number. The robustness of this number extends well beyond the topological insulator phase towards attractive and repulsive interactions that are comparable to the kinetic energy scale of the model. We identify and characterize the relevant phases of the model as a function of the interaction strength

Mast Cells and Gastrointestinal Dysmotility in the Cystic Fibrosis Mouse

BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF) has many effects on the gastrointestinal tract and a common problem in this disease is poor nutrition. In the CF mouse there is an innate immune response with a large influx of mast cells into the muscularis externa of the small intestine and gastrointestinal dysmotility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential role of mast cells in gastrointestinal dysmotility using the CF mouse (Cftr(tm1UNC), Cftr knockout). METHODOLOGY: Wild type (WT) and CF mice were treated for 3 weeks with mast cell stabilizing drugs (ketotifen, cromolyn, doxantrazole) or were treated acutely with a mast cell activator (compound 48/80). Gastrointestinal transit was measured using gavage of a fluorescent tracer. RESULTS: In CF mice gastric emptying at 20 min post-gavage did not differ from WT, but was significantly less than in WT at 90 min post-gavage. Gastric emptying was significantly increased in WT mice by doxantrazole, but none of the mast cell stabilizers had any significant effect on gastric emptying in CF mice. Mast cell activation significantly enhanced gastric emptying in WT mice but not in CF mice. Small intestinal transit was significantly less in CF mice as compared to WT. Of the mast cell stabilizers, only doxantrazole significantly affected small intestinal transit in WT mice and none had any effect in CF mice. Mast cell activation resulted in a small but significant increase in small intestinal transit in CF mice but not WT mice. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that mast cells are not involved in gastrointestinal dysmotility but their activation can stimulate small intestinal transit in cystic fibrosis