Religiosity and optimism in ill and healthy elderly

Introducción: Teniendo en cuenta el análisis de la función de la religiosidad y su impacto en la salud, los comportamientos de riesgo, y el bienestar como un clásico, la investigación sobre el impacto de la religiosidad en el optimismo en los ancianos se ha descuidado. De hecho, la religiosidad en el proceso de envejecimiento se ha demostrado que se asocia con beneficios importantes. Objetivos: En este trabajo se pretende analizar los factores de la religiosidad en el optimismo y la mediación de la satisfacción con la vida en ancianos sanos y enfermos. Método: La muestra de encuestados que consta de 250 ancianos clasificados como sanos (M = 74,87, DP = 6,77 años) y 244 enfermos de edad avanzada (M = 68,92; DP = 10,35 años). Todos los participantes respondieron al cuestionario CRSV (Mónico, 2010). Conclusiones: Se encontró una relación positiva entre la religiosidad y el optimismo sólo para el grupo de ancianos sanos. El optimismo para ancianos enfermos fue promovido solamente de manera significativa por la satisfacción con la vida. La distinción entre interioridad y exterioridad del optimismo, se ha demostrado que en ancianos sanos su optimismo se basa en las creencias de interioridad , mientras que los pacientes de edad avanzada enfermos basan su optimismo en factores externos. El establecimiento de un sistema de autorregulación en los ancianos se discute con las creencias y prácticas religiosas como perpetradores.Introduction: Considering the analysis of the roles of religiosity and its impact on health, risk behaviors, and well-being as classic, research about the impact of religiosity on optimism in the elderly has been neglected. Indeed, in the ageing process religiosity has been shown to be associated with important benefits. Aims: In this paper we seek to analyze the agency factors of religiosity in optimism and the mediation by satisfaction with life in healthy and ill elderly. Method: The surveyed sample consisting of 250 elderly classified as healthy (M = 74.87, DP = 6.77 years old) and 244 ill elderly (M = 68.92; DP = 10.35 years old). All the participants answered to the CRSV Questionnaire (Mónico, 2010). Conclusions: We found a positive relationship between religiosity and optimism only for the group of healthy elderly. For ill elderly optimism was only significantly promoted by satisfaction with life. The distinction between internality and externality optimism has shown that healthy elderly anchor their optimism in internality beliefs, while elderly patients base their optimism on external factors. The establishment of a self-regulating system in elderly is discussed with beliefs and religious practices as perpetuators.peerReviewe

Religiosity and optimism in ill and healthy elderly

Introducción: Teniendo en cuenta el análisis de la función de la religiosidad y su impacto en la salud, los comportamientos de riesgo, y el bienestar como un clásico, la investigación sobre el impacto de la religiosidad en el optimismo en los ancianos se ha descuidado. De hecho, la religiosidad en el proceso de envejecimiento se ha demostrado que se asocia con beneficios importantes. Objetivos: En este trabajo se pretende analizar los factores de la religiosidad en el optimismo y la mediación de la satisfacción con la vida en ancianos sanos y enfermos. Método: La muestra de encuestados que consta de 250 ancianos clasificados como sanos (M = 74,87, DP = 6,77 años) y 244 enfermos de edad avanzada (M = 68,92; DP = 10,35 años). Todos los participantes respondieron al cuestionario CRSV (Mónico, 2010). Conclusiones: Se encontró una relación positiva entre la religiosidad y el optimismo sólo para el grupo de ancianos sanos. El optimismo para ancianos enfermos fue promovido solamente de manera significativa por la satisfacción con la vida. La distinción entre interioridad y exterioridad del optimismo, se ha demostrado que en ancianos sanos su optimismo se basa en las creencias de interioridad , mientras que los pacientes de edad avanzada enfermos basan su optimismo en factores externos. El establecimiento de un sistema de autorregulación en los ancianos se discute con las creencias y prácticas religiosas como perpetradores.Introduction: Considering the analysis of the roles of religiosity and its impact on health, risk behaviors, and well-being as classic, research about the impact of religiosity on optimism in the elderly has been neglected. Indeed, in the ageing process religiosity has been shown to be associated with important benefits. Aims: In this paper we seek to analyze the agency factors of religiosity in optimism and the mediation by satisfaction with life in healthy and ill elderly. Method: The surveyed sample consisting of 250 elderly classified as healthy (M = 74.87, DP = 6.77 years old) and 244 ill elderly (M = 68.92; DP = 10.35 years old). All the participants answered to the CRSV Questionnaire (Mónico, 2010). Conclusions: We found a positive relationship between religiosity and optimism only for the group of healthy elderly. For ill elderly optimism was only significantly promoted by satisfaction with life. The distinction between internality and externality optimism has shown that healthy elderly anchor their optimism in internality beliefs, while elderly patients base their optimism on external factors. The establishment of a self-regulating system in elderly is discussed with beliefs and religious practices as perpetuators.peerReviewe

Workaholism and psychological capital: repercussions on workplace spirituality

Este estudio analiza la relación entre el capital psicológico (es decir, el conjunto de características positivas de la personalidad utilizadas en el ámbito profesional) y la adicción al trabajo y sus repercusiones en la espiritualidad del lugar de trabajo (es decir, el sentido de comunidad de un equipo, la alineación con los valores de la organización contribución a la comunidad, disfrute del trabajo y oportunidades para la vida interior). Los resultados muestran una correlación positiva entre el Capital Psicológico y la Adicción al Trabajo, así como una repercusión positiva de ambos en la Espiritualidad en el Lugar de Trabajo.This study analyzes the relationship between psychological capital (i.e., understood as the set of positive personality features used in the professional scope) and workaholism and their repercussions on workplace spirituality (i.e., a team’s sense of community, alignment with the organization’s values, sense of contribution to community, enjoyment of work and opportunities for inner life). The results show a positive correlation between Psychological Capital and Workaholism as well as a positive repercussion of both on Workplace Spirituality.peerReviewe

The relation between emotional intelligence and psychological capital of employees

Este documento examina la relación entre la Inteligencia Emocional (EI), entendida como la competencia de un individuo en el comportamiento adaptativo inteligente, y la Capital Psicológica (PC), considerada como un conjunto de características positivas de la personalidad utilizadas en el ámbito profesional de los empleados. Se realizó una encuesta cuantitativa con una muestra de 301 individuos de ambos sexos y diferentes grupos de edad que actualmente están empleados en Portugal. Utilizamos las medidas Escala de Inteligencia Emocional (Rego, Sousa Cunha, Correia, y Saur-Amaral, 2007) y el Cuestionario PsyCap (Luthans, Avolio, Avey, y Norman, 2007). Los resultados sugieren que la IE tiene una relación significativa y una alta correlación (r = .599) con la PC de los trabajadores, siendo la capacidad de automotivarse utilizando los propios sentimientos (autoestímulo) y controlar sus sentimientos en situaciones emocionales (emocional autocontrol) factores que contribuyen mucho a promover el Capital Psicológico de los empleados.This paper examines the relationship between the Emotional Intelligence (EI), understood as an individual’s competence in intelligent adaptive behavior, and the Psychological Capital (PC), seen as a set of positive personality features used in the professional scope, of employees. A quantitative survey was made with a sample of 301 individuals of both genders and different age groups that are currently employed in Portugal. We used the measures Emotional Intelligence Scale (Rego, Sousa Cunha, Correia, & Saur-Amaral, 2007) and the PsyCap Questionnaire (Luthans, Avolio, Avey, & Norman, 2007). The results suggest that the EI has a significant relationship and a high correlation (r = .599) with the PC of the workers, being the capacity of self motivate using the own feelings (selfencouragement) and to control their feelings in emotional situations (emotional self-control) factors that contribute very much to promote the Psychological Capital of the employees.peerReviewe

The moderating role of length of stay in the relationship between cognitive dysregulation and peer attachment in adolescent boys and girls living in residential care

In Portugal, youth at risk tend to be placed in residential care for long periods of time, during which peers assume a status close to that of family. However, these adolescents often present deficits in emotional regulation, which can compromise the quality of their relationships with peers. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between emotional dysregulation experienced by institutionalized adolescents and their own perception of peer attachment, testing whether the length of stay moderates this relationship, for boys and girls independently. Data was collected from a sample of 100 Portuguese adolescents (71 boys; 29 girls), aged 12–18, living in residential care for 43 months average (SD = 43.14). They responded to the Abbreviated Dysregulation Inventory, which measures cognitive, affective and behavioral dysregulation, and the peer version of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, which measures communication, trust and alienation. Only cognitive dysregulation accounted for the variability of perceived attachment to peers, in the total scale and in communication and trust. When the level of cognitive dysregulation reported by the adolescents is high, there is a positive effect of length of stay in the previous relationships, but only for boys. Results outline how length of placement contributes to youth at risk to reach certain outcomes. They also emphasize the need to develop specific interventions in residential care contexts to address specific characteristics such as gender differences, in order to continuously promote positive interactions with peers in these contexts

Human resource management impact on knowledge management - Evidence from the Portuguese banking sector

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explain and empirically test the dependence of organizational processes related to knowledge on the nature of assumptions operating in processes of human resource management (HRM) in organizations. It concentrates on practices related to training, career development and retention. Design/methodology/approach – This empirical study as a quantitative nature and the sample is made up of 5,306 collaborators in 634 organizations belonging to an economic group in the banking sub-sector. Data were collected through two questionnaires: human resource management practices questionnaire and knowledge management questionnaire – short form. The model was tested by applying univariate and multivariate multiple regression analyses. Findings – Findings provide support for the proposed model and show the predictive capacity of the HRM practices regarding knowledge management (KM) processes, revealing a strong direct relationship between the two constructs. It stands out that the people management practices adopted from an organic and valued perspective possess a particular and distinctive capacity to predict and impact positively on KM processes. Practical implications – The findings may be used by human resources and KM practitioners interested in the development of organizational knowledge through human resource practices. Originality/value – Themain contribution of this study is to confirmthe close relationship of dependency between organizational management processes regarding people and knowledge, showing the positive effect of best practices of HRM on KM processes, as opposed to traditional or transactional practices

How can leadership and organizational culture predict innovation in small, medium and large enterprises?

his study intends to analyse the effects of leadership and organizational culture in innovation in small, medium and large Portuguese enterprises. The sample is composed of 102 organizations (68.6% small, 24.5% medium-sized and 5.9% large companies), from which a total of 854 workers answered to the Transformational Leadership Scale and the Organizational Culture Questionnaire Denison. Additionally, a total of 102 top managers of each organization answered a questionnaire concerning the innovation activity in their organization. Data analysis was performed with structural equation modelling. The results showed that the size of the company moderates the relationship between leadership and organizational culture in the prediction of innovation. This moderation surpasses the differentiated effect size of leadership in innovation predicted by culture, showing also influence on the contribution of the several variables in the model.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cognitive stimulation is essential to maintain and/or improve the cognitive function of the elderly.

Introduction: Cognitive stimulation is essential to maintain and / or improve the cognitive function of the elderly. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the application of a Cognitive Sti- mulation Program on the maintenance or improvement of the cognitive function of the elderly at the levels of orientation, memory, calculation and language. It was also intended to evaluate complementary measures of the impact of the intervention program, name- ly on the quality of life, depressive symptoms, in the eight cognitive domains, executive function, visuospatial capacity, memory, attention, concentration and working memory, language and orientation. Method: The program was performed in 14 sessions for seven weeks, with pre-and post-test measurements. The final sample consisted of seven elderly men, four men and three women aged between 68-89 years (80.29 ± 8.83 years), who responded to the following measures: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Quality of life (IAQdV-8), Geriatric De- pression Scale (GDS-15) and Cognitive Decline Test (6-CIT). Results: The post-test cognitive decline in relation to the pre-test decreased significantly (6_CIT), with an improvement in the cognitive function of the elderly. The improvement of some indicators of cognitive function is positively correlated with the self-perception of quality of life with negatively depressive symptomatology. Conclusions: The administration of Cognitive Stimulation Programs contributes to an im- provement of the cognitive function in the elderly and an increase in the quality of life. Key-words: Cognitive function; memory; quality of life and depression

THE FAMILY IN CARE FOR THE ELDERLY: MANAGING THE OVERLOAD AND COPING WITH DIFFICULTIE

Introduction: Family is considered the main support of the elderly in a situation of depen- dency. Caregiving often results in overloading, leading to diverse problems. Aim: To evaluate the self-perception of the family caregiver’s overload and the strategies used to provide informal care to the dependent elderly considering their level of depen- dence. Method: The sample consisted of 21 children, 16 spouses, and nine other relatives of el- derly dependents who responded to the Caregiver’s Overload Scale (Sequeira, 2007), the Portuguese version of Caregivers’ Assessment Management Index (CAMI, Nolan, Keady, & Grant, 1995) and the Barthel Index (Mahoney & Barthel, 1965). Results: The Barthel Index showed 34.8% of the elderly as severely dependent and 37.0% as totally dependent. The care most provided respected to medication, hygiene, food, and monitoring. Above 56.5% of the caregivers had an intense overload, both at the objective (impact of care and interpersonal relationship) and subjective (F3-Expectations regarding care and F4-Perceived self-efficacy) levels. The main reason for maintaining caregivers was family/personal obligation (95.7%). Caregivers reasonably assessed the effectiveness of their strategies in dealing with their dependent elderly (CAMI; M = 101.0, SD = 15.0). There was a negative relationship between the perception of the caregiver’s overload and the age and health status of the elderly, as well as between the number of strategies used by the caregiver to overcome difficulties and the self-perception of the overload. Conclusion: The multiplicity of daily tasks performed in support of a family member in a situation of severe dependence translates into situations of intense overload, negatively impacting on care, interpersonal relationship, expectations regarding caring, and perception of self-efficacy of care. Keywords: Family caregiver; informal caregiver; dependent elderly; overload; coping strategies

Da espiritualidade organizacional ao capital psicológico individual: qual o papel da liderança autêntica?

A pesar de que el valor de la positividad ha sido reconocido desde hace mucho tiempo, sólo recientemente ha sido el objetivo de la investigación y aplicación en el campo del comportamiento organizacional (Luthans, 2002a,b). Diferentes estudios puede encontrarse en los trabajos recientes que buscan medir el impacto de la introducción en el entorno de la Organización de las características mencionadas como espirituales, como un medio de mejorar el desempeño individual. Además, la investigación empírica ha señalado la importancia del fortalecimiento del capital psicológico positivo no sólo para el bienestar de los propios trabajadores, sino también para mejorar los resultados. Recientemente, la crisis económica y el abandono de los modelos de gestión utilizados en muchas compañías, son acontecimientos que ha llevado a un renovado interés en el papel de líderes y, más particularmente, en su responsabilidad de crear entornos organizativos moralmente saludables. En este estudio hemos querido analizar las consecuencias de la percepción de las características de las organizaciones espirituales en la capital psicológico de los trabajadores para identificar el papel de auténtico liderazgo en esta relación. La investigación se realizó sobre 710 los miembros de una organización. La investigación se desarrolla y prueba un modelo conceptual que mediante el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales AMOS, con una muestra de 710 empleados. Los resultados obtenidos revelan que la espiritualidad organizacional y el liderazgo auténtico tienen una influencia mutua de 39,6% y que en la espiritualidad organizacional, cuando está vinculada al auténtico liderazgo, tiene una capacidad predictiva en relación al capital psicológico de 38,44%. Sin embargo, la percepción de características de autenticidad de los líderes no influyen de ninguna manera en el capital psicológico.Despite the value of positivity having long been recognized, it has only recently been the target of research and application in the field of organizational behaviour (Luthans, 2002a,b). Different studies can be found in recent work which seek to measure the impact of the introduction into the organizational environment of characteristics referred to as spiritual, as a means of improving individual performance. Furthermore, empirical research has indicated the importance of strengthening positive psychological capital not only for the well-being of the employees themselves but also to improve results. Recently, the economic crisis and the abandonment of management models used at many companies are events which have led to renewed interest in the role of leaders and, more particularly, in their responsibility to create morally healthy organizational environments. In this study we have sought to analyse the consequences of the perception of the spiritual characteristics of organizations in the psychological capital of workers and to identify the role of authentic leadership in this relationship. Research was conducted into 710 organizational members. The research develops and tests a conceptual model which underwent structural equation modeling using AMOS, with a sample of 710 employees. The results obtained reveal that organizational spirituality and authentic leadership have a mutual influence of 39.6% and that organizational spirituality, when linked to authentic leadership, has a predictive capacity in relation to psychological capital of 38.44%. However, the perception of leaders’ characteristics of authenticity in no way influences the psychological capital.Apesar do valor da positividade há muito ser reconhecido, só recentemente tem sido alvo de pesquisa e de aplicação no campo do comportamento organizacional (Luthans, 2002a,b). Entre a produção recente encontramos diferentes estudos que procuram medir o impacto da introdução, no ambiente organizacional, de caraterísticas designadas como espirituais, como forma de promoção do desempenho individual. Por outro lado, a investigação empírica tem evidenciado a importancia do reforço do capital psicológico positivo, não só para o bem-estar dos próprios trabalhadores, como também para o incremento dos resultados alcançados na sua atividade. Recentemente, a crise económica e a denúncia dos modelos de gestão utilizados em muitas empresas, fizeram renovar o interesse no papel dos líderes e, particularmente, na sua responsabilidade na criação de ambientes organizacionais moralmente saudáveis. Procurámos, neste estudo, analisar os reflexos da perceção das caraterísticas espirituais das organizações no capital psicológico dos trabalhadores e identificar o papel da liderança autêntica nessa relação. A pesquisa desenvolve e testa um modelo concetual submetido a análise por equações estruturais, através do programa AMOS, numa amostra de 710 membros organizacionais. Os resultados obtidos revelam que a espiritualidade organizacional e a liderança autêntica se influenciam mutuamente em 39,6% e que a espiritualidade organizacional, associada à liderança autêntica, apresenta uma capacidade preditiva do capital psicológico de 38,44%. No entanto, a perceção das caraterísticas de autenticidade dos líderes em nada influencia o capital psicológico.peerReviewe