Læring i forsyningskæder : – én interviewanalyse

Læring i forsyningskæder eller Supply Chain Learning (SCL) er et nyt begreb inden for logistikken. Det har sit udspring i både Supply Chain Management (SCM) og i Organisatorisk Læring. Supply Chain Management har som sproglig term eksisteret i ca. 20 år. Begrebet blev anvendt tilbage i starten af 80erne og har sat fokus på, hvorledes konkurrencemæssige fordele kan opnås ved at integrere indkøb, produktion, salg og distribution. SCM anvendes dels i relation til ledelsesprocesser, og dels i relation til virksomheders strukturelle organisering (Harland 1996; Arlbjørn 2002). Implementering af nye ledelsessystemer rejser nye krav til organisationen. Det kan være i relation til de udførende funktioner, i relation til kolleger og medarbejdere og i relation til leverandører og kunder. Her kommer læringsbegrebet i fokus. I relation til SCM er der inden for de senere år udviklet en særlig læringsretning: Supply Chain Learning, SCL (Bessant et al 1999; Lane 2001). Erkendelsen af, at fortsat vækst og økonomisk fremgang ikke længere kan sikres gennem an- vendelse af standardiseret udstyr og procedurer, men i stigende grad er afhængig af virksom- hedernes evne til at håndtere vidensindholdet i produktionen har sat fokus på læring. Supply Chain Learning udtrykker, at dette kun kan ske gennem kontinuerlig udvikling af læringska- paciteten i forsyningskæden. I projektet ’Fremtidens Forsyningskæder’, som gennemføres af Center for Logistik og Transport og Center for Industriel Produktion blev der i foråret 2002 afholdt et seminar på Munkebjerg ved Vejle under overskriften ’Fremtidens forsyningskæder – udfordringer for logistiksystemerne i morgendagens virksomheder’. Seminaret skulle provokere og inspirere til nye tankesæt, skitsere fremtidens logistiksystemer og opnå øget indsigt i fremtidens udfordringer (Lemoine and Dagnæs 2002). Deltagere i seminaret var logistikledere, forskere og konsulenter. På dette seminar blev det gang på gang understreget, hvorledes udviklingen af fleksibilitet i det logistiske system i en forsyningskæde stiller nye krav til kompetence og udvikling. Tilpasningen mellem de enkelte funktioner i det logistiske system kræver fleksible løsninger, hvor især tidstilpasningen synes at være blandt de største udfordringer. Udviklingen bevæger sig hastigt fra operationel fleksibilitet mod organisatorisk fleksibilitet (Johansen 2002). Med nærværende projekt, som er en del af det ovenfor omtalte samarbejde, ville vi sætte fokus på læringsdelen i forsyningskæden, gennem en undersøgelse af, hvilke vurderinger ledere i det logistiske system anlægger på læring og kompetenceudvikling, hvad de anser for vigtige forudsætninger for at læringsprocesser kan finde sted, og hvorledes de ser læring i sammen- hæng med tekniske, teknologiske og sociale processer i en forsyningskædes hverdag

Orchestration of signaling by structural disorder in class 1 cytokine receptors

Background:Class 1 cytokine receptors (C1CRs) are single-pass transmembrane proteins responsible for transmitting signals between the outside and the inside of cells. Remarkably, they orchestrate key biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, immunity and growth through long disordered intracellular domains (ICDs), but without having intrinsic kinase activity. Despite these key roles, their characteristics remain rudimentarily understood.Methods:The current paper asks the question of why disorder has evolved to govern signaling of C1CRs by reviewing the literature in combination with new sequence and biophysical analyses of chain properties across the family.Results:We uncover that the C1CR-ICDs are fully disordered and brimming with SLiMs. Many of these short linear motifs (SLiMs) are overlapping, jointly signifying a complex regulation of interactions, including network rewiring by isoforms. The C1CR-ICDs have unique properties that distinguish them from most IDPs and we forward the perception that the C1CR-ICDs are far from simple strings with constitutively bound kinases. Rather, they carry both organizational and operational features left uncovered within their disorder, including mechanisms and complexities of regulatory functions.Conclusions:Critically, the understanding of the fascinating ability of these long, completely disordered chains to orchestrate complex cellular signaling pathways is still in its infancy, and we urge a perceptional shift away from the current simplistic view towards uncovering their full functionalities and potential

Subtype-specific micro-RNA expression signatures in breast cancer progression.

Robust markers of invasiveness may help reduce the overtreatment of in situ carcinomas. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and biological mechanisms for carcinogenesis vary between subtypes. Stratification by subtype is therefore necessary to identify relevant and robust signatures of invasive disease. We have identified microRNA (miRNA) alterations during breast cancer progression in two separate datasets and used stratification and external validation to strengthen the findings. We analyzed two separate datasets (METABRIC and AHUS) consisting of a total of 186 normal breast tissue samples, 18 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 1,338 invasive breast carcinomas. Validation in a separate dataset and stratification by molecular subtypes based on immunohistochemistry, PAM50 and integrated cluster classifications were performed. We propose subtype-specific miRNA signatures of invasive carcinoma and a validated signature of DCIS. miRNAs included in the invasive signatures include downregulation of miR-139-5p in aggressive subtypes and upregulation of miR-29c-5p expression in the luminal subtypes. No miRNAs were differentially expressed in the transition from DCIS to invasive carcinomas on the whole, indicating the need for subtype stratification. A total of 27 miRNAs were included in our proposed DCIS signature. Significant alterations of expression included upregulation of miR-21-5p and the miR-200 family and downregulation of let-7 family members in DCIS samples. The signatures proposed here can form the basis for studies exploring DCIS samples with increased invasive potential and serum biomarkers for in situ and invasive breast cancer.This work was performed as part of the EurocanPlatform which has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 260791. Portions of this research (Venn diagram creator) were supported by the W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. PNNL is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-76RL0 1830.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.3014

Migration patterns of Greenland halibut in the North Atlantic revealed by a compiled mark-recapture dataset

Marine fisheries are often allocated to stocks that reflect pragmatic considerations and may not represent the species’ spatial population structure, increasing the risk of mismanagement and unsustainable harvesting. Here we compile mark–recapture data collected across the North Atlantic to gain insight into the spatial population structure of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides), an issue that has been unresolved for decades. The dataset contains 168130 fish tagged from 1952 to 2021, with 5466 (3.3%) recaptured individuals. Our results indicate that fish tagged at <50 cm body length migrate at higher rates, suggesting that mark–recapture studies on adult individuals underestimate population-level migration rates. We find evidence for migrations across management units in the North Atlantic indicating two regional offshore populations: one in the Northeast Atlantic, where the West Nordic and Northeast Arctic stocks, currently managed separately, likely belong to a single population that spans from the Kara Sea to Southeast Greenland; and one in the Northwest Atlantic where migration was observed between the Newfoundland and Labrador stock and the Northwest Arctic stock in Davis Strait and Baffin Bay. Our findings indicate complex population structure with implications for international and domestic fisheries management of this long-lived species.publishedVersio

Gut bacteria at 6 months of age are associated with immune cell status in 1-year-old children

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