Impact of Vegetative Treatment Systems on Multiple Measures of Antibiotic Resistance in Agricultural Wastewater

Wastewater is an important vector of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARB/G). While there is broad agreement that ARB/G from agricultural (ag) wastewaters can be transported through the environment and may contribute to untreatable infectious disease in humans and animals, there remain large knowledge gaps surrounding applied details on the types and amounts of ARB/G associated with different agricultural wastewater treatment options and different ag production systems. This study evaluates a vegetative treatment system (VTS) built to treat the wastewater from a beef cattle feedlot. Samples were collected for three years, and plated on multiple media types to enumerate tetracycline and cefotaxime-resistant bacteria. Enterobacteriaceae isolates (n = 822) were characterized for carriage of tetracycline resistance genes, and E. coli isolates (n = 673) were phenotyped to determine multi-drug resistance (MDR) profiles. Tetracycline resistance in feedlot runoff wastewater was 2-to-3 orders of magnitude higher compared to rainfall runoff from the VTS fields, indicating efficacy of the VTA for reducing ARB over time following wastewater application. Clear differences in MDR profiles were observed based on the specific media on which a sample was plated. This result highlights the importance of method, especially in the context of isolate-based surveillance and monitoring of ARB in agricultural wastewaters

Physiological Effects of Chronic Copper Exposure to Rainbow Trout (\u3cem\u3eOncorhynchus Mykiss\u3c/em\u3e) in Hard and Soft Water: Evaluation of Chronic Indicators

Effects of chronic copper exposure on a suite of indicators were examined: acute toxicity, acclimation, growth, sprint performance, whole-body electrolytes, tissue residues, and gill copper binding characteristics. Juvenile rainbow trout were exposed for 30 d to waterborne copper in hard water (hardness = 120 μg/L as CaCO3, pH = 8.0, Cu = 20 and 60 μg/L) and soft water (hardness = 20 μg/L as CaCO3, pH = 7.2, Cu = 1 and 2 μg/L). Significant acclimation to the metal occurred only in fish exposed to 60 mg/L, as seen by an approx. twofold increase in 96-h LC50 (153 vs 91 μg Cu/L). Chronic copper exposure had little or no effect on survival, growth, or swimming performance in either water hardness, nor was there any initial whole-body electrolyte loss (Na+ and Cl-). The present data suggest that the availability of food (3% wet body weight/day, distributed as three 1% meals) prevented growth inhibition and initial ion losses that usually result from Cu exposure. Elevated metal burdens in the gills and livers of exposed fish were measures of chronic copper exposure but not of effect. Initial gill binding experiments revealed the necessity of using radiolabeled Cu (64Cu) to detect newly accumulated Cu against gill background levels. Using this method, we verified the presence of saturable Cu-binding sites in the gills of juvenile rainbow trout and were able to make estimates of copperbinding affinity (log Kgill=Cu) and capacity (Bmax). Furthermore, we showed that both chronic exposure to Cu and to low water calcium had important effects on the Cu-binding characteristics of the gills

The role of attitude, control and intention to explain fruit and vegetable intake among racial/ethnic minority women with low socioeconomic status

OBJECTIVE: Fruit and Vegetable (FV) intake-a modi able risk factor for chronic diseases-is lower among racial/ethnic minorities and low Socio- Economic Status (SES) groups when compared to other populations. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is one theoretical model studied to explain and in uence individual health behaviors, including FV intake, in middle class populations, but not exclusively in diverse, low SES groups. This cross-sectional study evaluated the utility of select TPB variables to explain intention to consume and intake of FV in this population. DESIGN: Demographics, BMI, select TPB variables, and FV intake were measured via survey. Bivariate analyses were conducted to explore relationships between variables. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to t two models: one to explain intention and one to explain behavior with regard to FV vegetable intake. RESULTS: Participants (n=114) age 25-69 years and were mostly African American/Black and Hispanic (21.9% and 73%, respectively). The TPB variable perceived behavioral control was the only signi cant predictor of intention to consume FV (OR=2.55, 95% CI OR: 1.23, 5.27), and with BMI, FV intake (R2=0.08; F [2,130] =5.72, p=0.0042). CONCLUSION: Perceived behavioral control and BMI are the most signi cant predictors of FV intake but explain only 8% of the variability in intake in our cohort. Our results support prior research which suggests an attenuation of the intention-behavior relationship by SES, and may question the utility of the TPB as it is currently operationalized as a foundational model for future health behavior change research and programs in low SES racial/ethnic minorities

Age differences in the use of serving size information on food labels: numeracy or attention?

ObjectiveThe ability to use serving size information on food labels is important for managing age-related chronic conditions such as diabetes, obesity and cancer. Past research suggests that older adults are at risk for failing to accurately use this portion of the food label due to numeracy skills. However, the extent to which older adults pay attention to serving size information on packages is unclear. We compared the effects of numeracy and attention on age differences in accurate use of serving size information while individuals evaluated product healthfulness.DesignAccuracy and attention were assessed across two tasks in which participants compared nutrition labels of two products to determine which was more healthful if they were to consume the entire package. Participants' eye movements were monitored as a measure of attention while they compared two products presented side-by-side on a computer screen. Numeracy as well as food label habits and nutrition knowledge were assessed using questionnaires.SettingSacramento area, California, USA, 2013-2014.SubjectsStratified sample of 358 adults, aged 20-78 years.ResultsAccuracy declined with age among those older adults who paid less attention to serving size information. Although numeracy, nutrition knowledge and self-reported food label use supported accuracy, these factors did not influence age differences in accuracy.ConclusionsThe data suggest that older adults are less accurate than younger adults in their use of serving size information. Age differences appear to be more related to lack of attention to serving size information than to numeracy skills

“HIV is Only One Part of Me”: HIV and Its Effect on Other Identities

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the HIV identity on other identities. The spiritual and advocate identities increased in salience whereas work and sexual identities decreased. Younger participants fretted about physical appearance. Older participants focused on health. There are implications for adult educators

HIV as a Chronic Illness: Identity Incorporation and Learning

Abstract: The purpose of this session is twofold: (1) to review tentative findings of a study-in-progress concerning the identity incorporation process and learning of people living with HIV as a chronic illness and (2) to explore issues encountered in conducting research with the chronically ill

PoZitively Transformative: The Transformative Learning of People Living with HIV

The purpose of this study was to investigate meaning making in People Living with HIV (PLWH) as a chronic illness. Findings confirm those of Courtenay, Merriam and Reeves (1998) who examined meaning making in PLWHAs when HIV/AIDS was a terminal illness. Contextual factors that mediate meaning making were uncovered

Rancangan Terapi Keluarga Model Sirkumpleks Untuk

Relaps level for the ex-user is high. This is the reason why si difficult to reduce the relapseffect. Beside medical and individual reason, family plays an important role to prevent therelaps. This research uses case study as research approach. Assessment is done by usinginterview and observation, and the use of Circumplex Assessment Package consist of FACESIII (Adaptability Cohesive Evaluatuion Scale and CRS or Circumplex Rating Scale). Theresult shows the enmaeshed-chaotic as family type A that shows some of the communicationskill problems in the family. After the result of the assessment, circumplex model familytherapy is arranged with some modification considering subject's family problems. Thetherapy arrangement is divided into 10 session with time schedule family confirmation

Pengaruh Teknik Kombinasi Hidroterapi Rendam Hangat dan Terapi Relaksasi Benson terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Hipertensi di Puskesmas Maek Kecamatan Bukik Barisan

World Health Organization (WHO) in 2011, as much as 29% or 1.6 billion people worldwide suffer from hypertension. Hypertension prevalence in Indonesia has reached 25.8% of the total adult population. PHC Maek data obtained from medical records (MR) in the year 2014 the number of visits as many as 297 people. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of combination technique hydrotherapy bath warm and benson relaxation therapy decrease blood pressurein patients hypertension in maek health center bukik barisan sub district lima puluh kota regency year 2015. This research has been conducted on June 22 until July 5, 2015 in Puskesmas Maek. This study uses Pre experiment with the design of one group pretest-posttest, then the data is processed by using the t test dependent. The results showed no significant effect of the combination of hydrotherapy techniques and warm soak benson relaxation therapy to decrease blood pressure in hypertensive patients in sub-district health centers Bukik maek row in 2015. Judging from the results of the analysis of paired samples T-test systolic blood pressure obtained with p value of 0.001 <0.05 and diastolic blood pressure with p value 0,001 <0,05. Recommendations result of this study is not only to treat hypertension using medical drugs but can also use warm soak hydrotherapy and relaxation therapy benson regularly as a companion treatment