Diversity of cicadomorpha (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) in Citrus orchards in Northeastern Argentina

Among phytophagous insects, the Cicadomorpha are important economically because they damage crops by sucking plant sap and by transmitting plant pathogens, such as Spiroplasma citri and Xylella fastidiosa to citrus. In Argentina little knowledge exists about this subject. The aim of this work was to study the diversity of Cicadomorpha associated with citrus orchards in Entre Ríos province, and their seasonal fluctuation in relation with climatic and phenological conditions. A total of 1,554 specimens belonging to 28 species of Cicadomorpha were collected with yellow sticky traps in sweet orange (Citrus × sinensis (L.) Osbeck) and tangerine (Citrus unshiu Marc) orchards. The Shannon index and the Simpson index suggested a similar trend in the distribution of the dominant species in both crops. In the orange orchard, Cicadomorpha populations increased in the summer coincidently with temperature increases. On the other hand, a significant increase in abundance during the winter months was coincident with increase of early sprouts of the citrus plants. Entre Ríos province represents a new distribution record for 13 species. Tangerine is a newly recorded host-plant for 16 species studied, and eight species are reported for the first time on 'Valencia Late' orange.Dentro de los insectos fitófagos, los Cicadomorpha tienen importancia económica por ocasionar daños por succión de savia en plantas y transmitir fitopatógenos como Spiroplasma citri y Xylella fastidiosa en cítricos. En Argentina es escaso el conocimiento acerca de esta temática. El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar la diversidad de los Cicadomorpha asociados a cultivos cítricos en la provincia de Entre Ríos y su fluctuación estacional en relación con las condiciones climáticas y fenológicas. Los especímenes se colectaron con trampas adhesivas amarillas. En total fueron colectados 1554 especímenes pertenecientes a 28 especies de Cicadomorpha en cultivos de naranja dulce (Citrus × sinensis (L.) Osbeck) y mandarina (Citrus unshiu Marc). Los valores del índice de Shannon, sugieren una tendencia similar en la distribución de las especies dominantes en ambos cultivos. Esto también fue reflejado por el índice de Simpson. En el cultivo de naranja, los Cicadomorpha presentaron incrementos poblacionales en verano, coincidentes con los aumentos de la temperatura. Por otro lado, el incremento en la abundancia de especímenes durante los meses de invierno, fue coincidente con el aumento de brotes tempranos en los cítricos. La provincia de Entre Ríos fue citada como nuevo registro de distribución para 13 especies. El cultivo de mandarina es un nuevo registro de planta huésped para 16 especies estudiadas, y ocho especies son registradas por primera vez sobre naranja Valencia.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Presence of Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and of Spiroplasma kunkelii in the temperate region of Argentina

"Corn stunt" is one of the main corn (Zea mays L.) diseases in the Americas and Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott) is the key vector of the pathogen Spiroplasma kunkelii Whitcomb. In Argentina, the corn-producing area is in the temperate region, where vector and pathogen prevalence levels are unknown. In this study, the prevalence and distribution of D. maidis and S. kunkelii in the temperate region of Argentina and D. maidis overwintering ability in this region were determined. Surveys were conducted in 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 seasons to determine D. maidis and S. kunkelii presence, and in winter 2006 to determine the vector overwintering ability. The highest S. kunkelii prevalence and incidence levels were found in the transition area from the temperate to the subtropical region, related to the highest D. maidis prevalence and insects sampled per location. D. maidis adults were found in volunteer corn plants and spontaneous vegetation in autumn and winter months, which were inoculative for the pathogen S. kunkelii. This overwintering ability was related to detection of D. maidis insects in corn crops at early growth stages in the following growing season. This work emphasizes that corn stunt disease is present in the temperate region of Argentina, and this highlights the need to develop proper agronomic practices like monitoring insect vector populations and controlling voluntary plants. This study also indicates that further research is needed to understand the potential yield reduction caused by this pathogen on symptomless plants and population dynamics of the insect vector.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

The new Euskalmet coastal–maritime warning system

This work presents the main characteristics of the Basque Meteorology Agency (Euskalmet) maritime–coastal risk warning system, with special emphasis on the latest updates, including a clear differentiation on specific warning messages addressing sea conditions for navigation purposes in the first 2 nautical miles, and expected coastal impacts. Some details of the warning bulletin for maritime and coastal risk situations are also presented, together with other communication products and strategies used in coastal and maritime severe episodes at the Basque coast. Today, three different aspects are included in the coastal–maritime risk warning system in Basque Country, related to the main potential severe events that affecting coastal activities. – "Galerna" risk relates to a sudden wind reversal that can severely affect coastal navigation and recreational activities. – "Navigation" risk relates to severe sea state conditions for 0–2 miles, affecting different navigation activities. – "Coastal impact" risk relates to adverse wave characteristics and tidal surges that induce flooding events and different impacts in littoral areas.The authors would like to thank Emergencies and Meteorology Directorate – Security Department alerting for the dangerousness of temporal coincidence – Basque Government for public provision of data and operational of the key factors. service financial support

The sound of waves in the Mutriku wave energy plant

Peer Reviewe

Diversity of cicadomorpha (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) in Citrus orchards in Northeastern Argentina

Among phytophagous insects, the Cicadomorpha are important economically because they damage crops by sucking plant sap and by transmitting plant pathogens, such as Spiroplasma citri and Xylella fastidiosa to citrus. In Argentina little knowledge exists about this subject. The aim of this work was to study the diversity of Cicadomorpha associated with citrus orchards in Entre Ríos province, and their seasonal fluctuation in relation with climatic and phenological conditions. A total of 1,554 specimens belonging to 28 species of Cicadomorpha were collected with yellow sticky traps in sweet orange (Citrus × sinensis (L.) Osbeck) and tangerine (Citrus unshiu Marc) orchards. The Shannon index and the Simpson index suggested a similar trend in the distribution of the dominant species in both crops. In the orange orchard, Cicadomorpha populations increased in the summer coincidently with temperature increases. On the other hand, a significant increase in abundance during the winter months was coincident with increase of early sprouts of the citrus plants. Entre Ríos province represents a new distribution record for 13 species. Tangerine is a newly recorded host-plant for 16 species studied, and eight species are reported for the first time on 'Valencia Late' orange.Dentro de los insectos fitófagos, los Cicadomorpha tienen importancia económica por ocasionar daños por succión de savia en plantas y transmitir fitopatógenos como Spiroplasma citri y Xylella fastidiosa en cítricos. En Argentina es escaso el conocimiento acerca de esta temática. El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar la diversidad de los Cicadomorpha asociados a cultivos cítricos en la provincia de Entre Ríos y su fluctuación estacional en relación con las condiciones climáticas y fenológicas. Los especímenes se colectaron con trampas adhesivas amarillas. En total fueron colectados 1554 especímenes pertenecientes a 28 especies de Cicadomorpha en cultivos de naranja dulce (Citrus × sinensis (L.) Osbeck) y mandarina (Citrus unshiu Marc). Los valores del índice de Shannon, sugieren una tendencia similar en la distribución de las especies dominantes en ambos cultivos. Esto también fue reflejado por el índice de Simpson. En el cultivo de naranja, los Cicadomorpha presentaron incrementos poblacionales en verano, coincidentes con los aumentos de la temperatura. Por otro lado, el incremento en la abundancia de especímenes durante los meses de invierno, fue coincidente con el aumento de brotes tempranos en los cítricos. La provincia de Entre Ríos fue citada como nuevo registro de distribución para 13 especies. El cultivo de mandarina es un nuevo registro de planta huésped para 16 especies estudiadas, y ocho especies son registradas por primera vez sobre naranja Valencia.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Experimental transmission of Corn Stunt Spiroplasma Present In Different Regions of Argentina

The aim was to transmit Corn stunt spiroplasma (Spiroplasma kunkelii Whitcomb) using field-collected Dalbulus maidis insects (Hemiptera-Cicadellidae), and diseased plants from places in the subtropical and temperate regions of Argentina. Field-collected D. maidis populations transmitted the spiroplasma in 39% of the cases when a density of five insects per plant was used. Transmissions were obtained from diseased plants collected in two subtropical locations. In all the symptomatic plants, the presence of spiroplasma was detected by serology and confirmed with PCR. The development of the symptoms and the pathogen titer varied between plants infected with insects from the same location, leading to the identification of two plant groups: one with severe symptoms and high pathogen titer, and the other with mild symptoms and lower titer, showing a direct relation between pathogen titer and the severity of symptomsFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y MuseoInstituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuari

Presence of Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and of Spiroplasma kunkelii in the temperate region of Argentina

"Corn stunt" is one of the main corn (Zea mays L.) diseases in the Americas and Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott) is the key vector of the pathogen Spiroplasma kunkelii Whitcomb. In Argentina, the corn-producing area is in the temperate region, where vector and pathogen prevalence levels are unknown. In this study, the prevalence and distribution of D. maidis and S. kunkelii in the temperate region of Argentina and D. maidis overwintering ability in this region were determined. Surveys were conducted in 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 seasons to determine D. maidis and S. kunkelii presence, and in winter 2006 to determine the vector overwintering ability. The highest S. kunkelii prevalence and incidence levels were found in the transition area from the temperate to the subtropical region, related to the highest D. maidis prevalence and insects sampled per location. D. maidis adults were found in volunteer corn plants and spontaneous vegetation in autumn and winter months, which were inoculative for the pathogen S. kunkelii. This overwintering ability was related to detection of D. maidis insects in corn crops at early growth stages in the following growing season. This work emphasizes that corn stunt disease is present in the temperate region of Argentina, and this highlights the need to develop proper agronomic practices like monitoring insect vector populations and controlling voluntary plants. This study also indicates that further research is needed to understand the potential yield reduction caused by this pathogen on symptomless plants and population dynamics of the insect vector.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

LGBT+ Training needs for health and social care professionals: a cross-cultural comparison among seven European countries

Introduction Research suggests that specific training on LGBT+ issues may improve the competencies and skills of health and social care (HSC) professionals, which reduces the negative attitudes toward LGBT+ people. Despite this, there seems to be a lack of coverage of LGBT+ needs in HSC education. The present study aims to explore the specific LGBT+ training needs of HSC professionals and to examine the relationship between these training needs and the four dimensions of the Papadopoulos model, i.e. cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural sensitivity, and cultural competence. Methods The research used data from a cross-cultural project, “Intercultural Education for Nurses in Europe (IENE9),” which was administered to 412 HSC academics and workers (62% females; Mage=46.06, SDage=10.48) between February 2020 and July 2020, in seven European countries: UK (coordinator), Denmark, Spain, Germany, Cyprus, Italy, and Romania. Results Hierarchical multiple regression showed that higher training needs were associated with cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, and cultural competence. The need for training on LGBT+ issues was higher for Cyprus, Romania, Spain, Italy, and the UK, compared with Denmark (no differences between Germany and Denmark were found). Conclusions We believe that there has been a lack of focus on the LGBT+ training needs of HSC professionals: Greater efforts are required to develop a culturally competent and compassionate LGBT+ curriculum. Social Policy Implications Findings from the present study will inform the development of a free, Massive Open Online Course (MOOC), for culturally competent and compassionate HSC professionals in Europe to improve the quality of their car

Description of a coastal impact event in Basque Country: the 9 February 2016 case

In this work we analysed a case from 9 February 2016 from two points of view, the meteorological–ocean characteristics of the event and the damage produced during the episode in the Basque coastal area. On 7 and 8 February 2016 an intense zonal circulation was established in the Atlantic, with very strong westerly winds (over 100 km h−1) and high fetch (more than 2000 km). As a consequence a strong swell (over 7 m) arrived on the Basque coast affecting littoral areas. The wave characteristics are particularly energetic during the morning of the 9 February, which had a significant wave of 9.5 m and a peak period of 20 s in deep water (Donostia buoy). The arrival of these energetic waves coincides with high tide during spring when the sea level reaches 4.69 m in the Port of Bilbao. Overtopping indexes exceeded red-level thresholds established within the Euskalmet coastal warning system and the wave impact resulted in relevant damage (more than EUR 3 million) in different littoral areas. This event is the first red-level case since the new Euskalmet warning procedure became operational at the beginning of 2015.</p

Monopelopia caraguata (Chironomidae: Tanypodinae: Pentaneurini) and Phytotelmatocladius delarosai (Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae) : Two Phytotelmatous Chironomids Distributed from Florida to Argentina

Fil: Siri, Augusto. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet; ArgentinaFil: Donato, Mariano. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Laboratorio de Sistemática y Biología Evolutiva; Argentin