Long-term risk of hysterectomy and ectopic pregnancy among Vietnamese women using the quinacrine hydrochloride pellet system vs. intrauterine devices or tubal ligation for contraception

<p><b>Objectives:</b> Determine the long-term risk of hysterectomy and ectopic pregnancy in women using the quinacrine hydrochloride pellet system of permanent contraception (QS) relative to the comparable risk in women using Copper T intrauterine device (IUD) or tubal ligation surgery (TL) for long-term or permanent contraception.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> This was a retrospective cohort study, conducted in the Northern Vietnamese provinces of Ha Nam, Nam Dinh, Ninh Binh and Thai Binh. Women who had their first QS procedure, last IUD insertion or TL between 1989 and 1996 were interviewed regarding post-procedure health outcomes approximately 16 years post exposure.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> A 95% response rate resulted in 21,040 completed interviews. Overall incidence rates were low for both outcomes (91/100,000 women years of follow-up and 22/100,000 women years of follow-up for hysterectomy and ectopic pregnancy, respectively). After accounting for variations in baseline characteristics between women choosing QS vs. the other two contraceptive methods, no significant excess hazard of either hysterectomy or ectopic pregnancy was associated with QS.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> No significant excess long-term risk of hysterectomy or ectopic pregnancy was found among a large group of women using QS vs. IUD or TL for contraception after an average 16 years of follow-up.</p