Garlic nieve INTA : plant density and nitrogen fertigation

Se estudió el efecto de tres densidades de plantación (20 (D20), 30 (D30) y 40 (D40) plantas m-2) y cinco dosis de fertilización nitrogenada (0 (N0), 75 (N75), 150 (N150), 225 (N225) y 300 (N300) kg de N ha-1), sobre el rendimiento y la calidad de ajo (Allium sativum L.) de la cultivar Nieve INTA (tipo blanco), bajo riego por goteo. Se realizó un ensayo en el INTA La Consulta, Mendoza, Argentina, en un suelo Torrifluvente típico franco arenoso profundo (Soil Taxonomy). Se utilizaron cintas de riego por goteo T-Tape 508-30, colocadas en el medio de la cama de plantación con un caudal de 2.7 L m-1 h-1. El máximo rendimiento (13 t ha-1) de ajo seco y limpio se logró con una densidad de plantación de 40 plantas m-2 y con dosis de 225 kg N ha-1. Las relaciones halladas entre los rendimientos de bulbos y las dosis de nitrógeno de 0, 75, 150, 225 y 300 kg N ha-1 fueron de tipo cuadrático (P < 0.001), con r2= 0.89; 0.91 y 0.84 para D 20, D30 y D40, respectivamente. Se encontró diferencias significativas (P < 0.05), con respecto a rendimiento, entre líneas externas e internas de la cama de plantación en la densidad de 40 000 plantas ha-1. La línea externa rindió más que la interna. Los porcentajes en peso de bulbos comerciales (C5+C6+C7) sobre el total de bulbos cosechados para las densidades D20, D30 y D40 fueron de 80.1 %; 66.7 % y 56.1 %, respectivamente.The yield and the quality of garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. Nieve INTA under different densities (20 (D20), 30 (D30) and 40 (D40) plants m-2) and doses of nitrogen fertilization (0 (N0), 75 (N75), 150 (N150), 225 (N225) and 300 (N300) kg of N ha-1) was evaluated under drip irrigation. The experiment was conducted at La Consulta Experimental Station on a Torrifluvent typic deep sandy loam soil (Soil Taxonomy). The trial was conducted using drip irrigation with a T-Tape 508-30, in the middle of the sowing bed with a volume of 2.7 L m-1 h-1. The highest yield (13 t ha-1) was obtained with a density of plantation of 40 plants m-2 and with rate of 225 kg N ha-1. The total yields were adjusted to nitrogen rates by a quadratic model highly significant (P < 0.001) with r2= 0.89; 0.91 and 0.84 for D20, D30 and D40, respectively. There were significant differences between yields of internal and external lines on D40. The percentages of commercial bulbs (C5+C6+C7) with respect to total yield, were 80.1%, 66.7% and 56.1% for D20, D30 y D40 respectively.Fil: Lipinski, Víctor M..Fil: Gaviola, Silvia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícol

Live imaging and single-cell analysis reveal differential dynamics of autophagy and apoptosis

Autophagy is induced by many cytotoxic stimuli but it is often unclear whether, under specific conditions, autophagy plays a prosurvival or a prodeath role. To answer this critical question we developed a novel methodology that employs automated live microscopy and image analysis to measure autophagy and apoptosis simultaneously in single cells. We used this approach to perform a systems-level analysis of pathway dynamics for both autophagy and apoptosis. We found that induction of autophagy in response to different stimuli is uniformly unimodal; in contrast, cells induce apoptosis in an all-or-none bimodal fashion. By tracking the fate of single cells we found that autophagy precedes apoptosis, and that within the same population apoptosis is delayed in cells that mount a stronger autophagy response. Inhibition of autophagy by knocking down ATG5 promoted apoptosis, thus confirming that autophagy plays a protective role. We anticipate that our single-cell approach will be a powerful tool for gaining a quantitative understanding of the complex regulation of autophagy, its influence on cell fate decisions and its relationship with other cellular pathways

Drift routes of Cape hake eggs and larvae in the southern Benguela Current system

The aim of this study was to combine observed circulation pattern with data on distribution of hake eggs and larvae in the southern Benguela from a survey in September/October 2005 to investigate drift routes of hake eggs and larvae. Genetic information enabled species-specific information about drift routes of the two hake species (Merluccius capensis and M. paradoxus) to be established. The results showed that both species were transported from spawning areas to nursery areas in the jet current, but differential cross-shelf distribution would most likely lead to species-specific drift routes which could explain why the two species seem to have different nursery areas

Thermodynamic Analyses of Fuel Production Via Solar-Driven Ceria-Based Nonstoichiometric Redox Cycling: A Case Study of the Isothermal Membrane Reactor System

A thermodynamic model of an isothermal ceria-based membrane reactor system is developed for fuel production via solar-driven simultaneous reduction and oxidation reactions. Inert sweep gas is applied on the reduction side of the membrane. The model is based on conservation of mass, species, and energy along with the Gibbs criterion. The maximum thermodynamic solar-to-fuel efficiencies are determined by simultaneous multivariable optimization of operational parameters. The effects of gas heat recovery and reactor flow configurations are investigated. The results show that maximum efficiencies of 1.3% (3.2%) and 0.73% (2.0%) are attainable for water splitting (carbon dioxide splitting) under counter- and parallel-flow configurations, respectively, at an operating temperature of 1900 K and 95% gas heat recovery effectiveness. In addition, insights on potential efficiency improvement for the membrane reactor system are further suggested. The efficiencies reported are found to be much lower than those reported in literature. We demonstrate that the thermodynamic models reported elsewhere can violate the Gibbs criterion and, as a result, lead to unrealistically high efficiencies. The present work offers enhanced understanding of the counter-flow membrane reactor and provides more accurate upper efficiency limits for membrane reactor systems. © 2019 by ASME.Australian Research Council (Wojciech Lipiński, Future Fellowship, Award No. FT140101213, Funder ID. 10.13039/501100000923). China Scholarship Council (Sha Li, Grant No. [2015] 3022, 201506020092, Funder ID. 10.13039/501100004543)

The Tabby cat locus maps to feline chromosome B1.

The Tabby markings of the domestic cat are unique coat patterns for which no causative candidate gene has been inferred from other mammals. In this study, a genome scan was performed on a large pedigree of cats that segregated for Tabby coat markings, specifically for the Abyssinian (Ta-) and blotched (tbtb) phenotypes. There was linkage between the Tabby locus and eight markers on cat chromosome B1. The most significant linkage was between marker FCA700 and Tabby (Z = 7.56, theta = 0.03). Two additional markers in the region supported linkage, although not with significant LOD scores. Pairwise analysis of the markers supported the published genetic map of the cat, although additional meioses are required to refine the region. The linked markers cover a 17-cM region and flank an evolutionary breakpoint, suggesting that the Tabby gene has a homologue on either human chromosome 4 or 8. Alternatively, Tabby could be a unique locus in cats

Statistical properties of eigenstate amplitudes in complex quantum systems

We study the eigenstates of quantum systems with large Hilbert spaces, via their distribution of wavefunction amplitudes in a real-space basis. For single-particle 'quantum billiards', these real-space amplitudes are known to have Gaussian distribution for chaotic systems. In this work, we formulate and address the corresponding question for many-body lattice quantum systems. For integrable many-body systems, we examine the deviation from Gaussianity and provide evidence that the distribution generically tends toward power-law behavior in the limit of large sizes. We relate the deviation from Gaussianity to the entanglement content of many-body eigenstates. For integrable billiards, we find several cases where the distribution has power-law tails.Comment: revised version, with appendices; 15 pages, 10 figure