Cartography interpreted of soil : San Carlos, Mendoza (Argentina)

El objetivo del trabajo fue generar mapas y asociarlos a bases de datos digitales donde se puedan consultar, en forma automatizada y eficiente, preguntas temáticas y por localización. No importa la cartografía en sí misma, sino el análisis, la interpretación y el establecimiento de indicadores de aptitudes edáficas a partir de información geográfica sistematizada. La Información básica es confiable y posee la máxima integridad. Con IDRISI se realizó, con las bandas 5, 4 Y 3 una composición en falso color. Se elaboraron mapas digitalizados de clasificación no supervisada de cobertura del suelo. Se confeccionó, en Access, una base de datos con 26 registros de determinaciones edáficas. Se exportó esta información temática a IDRISI versión 2.0. Con IDRISI se cartografiaron diferentes campos de la base de datos, lo que estableció distintas zonas pilotos en las que se realizó análisis espacial. De estos análisis se crearon mapas temáticos en formato digital. Con otra base de datos reales de 20 registros se convalidaron los resultados de las cartografías realizadas. El trabajo expresa una visión general real de las características edáficas superficiales más importantes y las cartografías cas realizadas tienen valor práctico al establecer indicadores que sirven para quienes tengan conocimientos edafológicos medios.The objective of the work is to generate maps and to associate them to digital databases. Where the databas es are immediately available and thematic and localization questions can be consulted in automated, efficient and effective formo The basis is not only the cartography by itself but also to analyse, to interpret, to create knowledge, to set indicators of edaphic aptitudes, starting from the data and systematized geographical information. The basic information is reliable and it possesses the maximum integrity. With IDRISI a composition in false color, with the bands 5, 4 and 3 was carried out. Digitized maps of not supervised classification of covering of the soil were elaborated. In Access a database with 26 registrations of edaphic determinations was created. Thematic information was exported to IDRIS1 version 2:0. In IDRISI different fields of the database were established different control areas in those that space analyses was carried out. From these analyses thematic maps were created in digital formato With another database of 20 registrations, the results of temáti¬ the carried out cartographies was authenticated. The work expresses a general vision of the most important characteristic of surface soil and the thematic cartographies carried out have an important practical value, specially for those who have average edaphic knowledge.Fil: Perez Valenzuela, Benjamín R.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasFil: De Cara, Daniel E. . Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasFil: Lipinski, Víctor M. . Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agraria

Statistical properties of eigenstate amplitudes in complex quantum systems

We study the eigenstates of quantum systems with large Hilbert spaces, via their distribution of wavefunction amplitudes in a real-space basis. For single-particle 'quantum billiards', these real-space amplitudes are known to have Gaussian distribution for chaotic systems. In this work, we formulate and address the corresponding question for many-body lattice quantum systems. For integrable many-body systems, we examine the deviation from Gaussianity and provide evidence that the distribution generically tends toward power-law behavior in the limit of large sizes. We relate the deviation from Gaussianity to the entanglement content of many-body eigenstates. For integrable billiards, we find several cases where the distribution has power-law tails.Comment: revised version, with appendices; 15 pages, 10 figure

Potent inhibitory activity of chimeric oligonucleotides targeting two different sites of human telomerase

Suppression of telomerase activity in tumor cells has been considered as a new anticancer strategy. Here, we present chimeric oligonucleotides (chimeric ODNs) as a new type of telomerase inhibitor that contains differently modified oligomers to address two different sites of telomerase: the RNA template and a suggested protein motif. We have shown previously that phosphorothioate-modified oligonucleotides (PS ODNs) interact in a length-dependent rather than in a sequence-dependent manner, presumably with the protein part of the primer-binding site of telomerase, causing strong inhibition of telomerase. In the present study, we demonstrate that extensions of these PS ODNs at their 3'-ends with an antisense oligomer partial sequence covering 11 bases of the RNA template cause significantly increased inhibitory activity, with IC(50) values between 0.60 and 0.95 nM in a Telomeric Repeat Amplification Protocol (TRAP) assay based on U-87 cell lysates. The enhanced inhibitory activity is observed regardless of whether the antisense part is modified (phosphodiester, PO; 2'-O-methylribosyl, 2'-OMe/PO; phosphoramidate, PAM). However, inside intact U-87 cells, these modifications of the antisense part proved to be essential for efficient telomerase inhibition 20 hours after transfection. In particular, the chimeric ODNs containing PAM or 2'-OMe/PO modifications, when complexed with lipofectin, were most efficient telomerase inhibitors (ID(50) = 0.04 and 0.06 microM, respectively). In conclusion, ODNs of this new type emerged as powerful inhibitors of human telomerase and are, therefore, promising candidates for further investigations of the anticancer strategy of telomerase inhibition

Combining M-FISH and Quantum Dot technology for fast chromosomal assignment of transgenic insertions

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Physical mapping of transgenic insertions by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) is a reliable and cost-effective technique. Chromosomal assignment is commonly achieved either by concurrent G-banding or by a multi-color FISH approach consisting of iteratively co-hybridizing the transgenic sequence of interest with one or more chromosome-specific probes at a time, until the location of the transgenic insertion is identified.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here we report a technical development for fast chromosomal assignment of transgenic insertions at the single cell level in mouse and rat models. This comprises a simplified 'single denaturation mixed hybridization' procedure that combines multi-color karyotyping by Multiplex FISH (M-FISH), for simultaneous and unambiguous identification of all chromosomes at once, and the use of a Quantum Dot (QD) conjugate for the transgene detection.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Although the exploitation of the unique optical properties of QD nanocrystals, such as photo-stability and brightness, to improve FISH performance generally has been previously investigated, to our knowledge this is the first report of a purpose-designed molecular cytogenetic protocol in which the combined use of QDs and standard organic fluorophores is specifically tailored to assist gene transfer technology.</p

Characteristics of survivors: growth and nutritional condition of early stages of the hake species Merluccius paradoxus and M. capensis in the southern Benguela ecosystem

Larval mortality in marine fish is strongly linked to characteristic traits such as growth and condition, but the variability in these traits is poorly understood. We tried to identify the variability in growth in relation to conditions leading to greater survival chances for early stages of Cape hake, Merluccius paradoxus and M. capensis, in the Benguela upwelling ecosystem. During two cruises in 2007 and one cruise in 2008, hake larvae and juveniles were caught. Otolith microstructures revealed a larval age ranging from 2 to 29 days post-hatching (dph), whereas juvenile age was 67–152 dph. RNA:DNA ratios, used to evaluate nutritional condition, were above the relevant threshold level for growth. No strong coupling between growth and condition was detected, indicating a complex relationship between these factors in the southern Benguela ecosystem. Merluccius paradoxus juveniles caught in 2007 (the surviving larvae of 2006) had significantly higher larval growth rates than larvae hatched in 2007 and 2008, possibly indicating selection for fast growth in 2006. High selection pressure on growth could be linked to predation avoidance, including cannibalism

Evolutionary Multi-Objective Design of SARS-CoV-2 Protease Inhibitor Candidates

Computational drug design based on artificial intelligence is an emerging research area. At the time of writing this paper, the world suffers from an outbreak of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. A promising way to stop the virus replication is via protease inhibition. We propose an evolutionary multi-objective algorithm (EMOA) to design potential protease inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2's main protease. Based on the SELFIES representation the EMOA maximizes the binding of candidate ligands to the protein using the docking tool QuickVina 2, while at the same time taking into account further objectives like drug-likeliness or the fulfillment of filter constraints. The experimental part analyzes the evolutionary process and discusses the inhibitor candidates.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, submitted to PPSN 202

FSHD myoblasts fail to downregulate intermediate filament protein vimentin during myogenic differentiation.

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is an autosomal dominant hereditary neuromuscular disorder. The clinical features of FSHD include weakness of the facial and shoulder girdle muscles followed by wasting of skeletal muscles of the pelvic girdle and lower extremities. Although FSHD myoblasts grown in vitro can be induced to differentiate into myotubes by serum starvation, the resulting FSHD myotubes have been shown previously to be morphologically abnormal. Aim. In order to find the cause of morphological anomalies of FSHD myotubes we compared in vitro myogenic differentiation of normal and FSHD myoblasts at the protein level. Methods. We induced myogenic differentiation of normal and FSHD myoblasts by serum starvation. We then compared protein extracts from proliferating myoblasts and differentiated myotubes using SDS-PAGE followed by mass spectrometry identification of differentially expressed proteins. Results. We demonstrated that the expression of vimentin was elevated at the protein and mRNA levels in FSHD myotubes as compared to normal myotubes. Conclusions. We demonstrate for the first time that in contrast to normal myoblasts, FSHD myoblasts fail to downregulate vimentin after induction of in vitro myogenic differentiation. We suggest that vimentin could be an easily detectable marker of FSHD myotube

Magnetic translation groups in an n-dimensional torus

A charged particle in a uniform magnetic field in a two-dimensional torus has a discrete noncommutative translation symmetry instead of a continuous commutative translation symmetry. We study topology and symmetry of a particle in a magnetic field in a torus of arbitrary dimensions. The magnetic translation group (MTG) is defined as a group of translations that leave the gauge field invariant. We show that the MTG on an n-dimensional torus is isomorphic to a central extension of a cyclic group Z_{nu_1} x ... x Z_{nu_{2l}} x T^m by U(1) with 2l+m=n. We construct and classify irreducible unitary representations of the MTG on a three-torus and apply the representation theory to three examples. We shortly describe a representation theory for a general n-torus. The MTG on an n-torus can be regarded as a generalization of the so-called noncommutative torus.Comment: 29 pages, LaTeX2e, title changed, re-organized, to be published in Journal of Mathematical Physic