272 research outputs found
The Role of Education for Intergenerational Income Mobility: A comparison of the United States, Great Britain, and Sweden
Previous studies have found that intergenerational income persistence is relatively high in the United States and Britain, especially as compared to Nordic countries. We compare the association between family income and sonsâ earnings in the United States (National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1979), Britain (British Cohort Study 1970), and Sweden (Population Register Data, 1965 cohort), and find that both income elasticities and rank-order correlations are highest in the United States, followed by Britain, with Sweden being clearly more equal. We ask whether differences in educational inequality and in return to qualifications can explain these cross-country differences. Surprisingly, we find that this is not the case, even though returns to education are higher in the United States. Instead, the low income mobility in the United States and Britain is almost entirely due to the part of the parent-son association that is not mediated by educational attainment. In the United States and especially Britain, parental income is far more important for earnings at a given level of education than in Sweden, a result that holds also when controlling for cognitive ability. This goes against widespread ideas of the United States as a country where the role of ascription is limited and meritocratic stratification prevails
Investigation and modelling of the water transport properties in unfilled EPDM elastomers
The water sorption properties (i.e. diffusivity and solubility) of three unfilled vulcanized EPDMs were investigated in wet atmosphere (typically between 0 and 95% RH) and in pure distilled water (denoted as 100% RH) at 70 °C with an IGAsorp dynamic sorption analyzer. In the 0â0.5 activity range, all EPDMs obey to the usual Fick and Henry's laws. In contrast, at activities higher than 0.5, the water sorption behavior of all EPDMs deviates from these two laws because of the formation of water clusters. Park's equation was used for simulating accurately the sorption isotherms and thus, accessing Henry's constant and the average size of water clusters. In wet atmospheres, clusters would be composed of about 8 ± 4 molecules corresponding approximately to the size of free volume holes. In contrast, in pure distilled water, clusters consist in a much larger number of water molecules (between 55 and 71) presumably because of an exacerbated swelling of EPDM samples. Thus, immersion in water solution is more drastic than exposure to fully saturated wet atmosphere. The impact of the EPDM formulation (nature and content of crosslinking agent) on these experimental results is clearly of the second order of magnitude
High molar mass segmented macromolecular architectures by nitroxide mediated polymerisation
The James Webb Space Telescope Mission
Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies,
expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling
for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least .
With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000
people realized that vision as the James Webb Space Telescope. A
generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of
the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the
scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000
team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image
quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief
history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing
program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite
detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space
Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure
A Solve-RD ClinVar-based reanalysis of 1522 index cases from ERN-ITHACA reveals common pitfalls and misinterpretations in exome sequencing
Purpose
Within the Solve-RD project (https://solve-rd.eu/), the European Reference Network for Intellectual disability, TeleHealth, Autism and Congenital Anomalies aimed to investigate whether a reanalysis of exomes from unsolved cases based on ClinVar annotations could establish additional diagnoses. We present the results of the âClinVar low-hanging fruitâ reanalysis, reasons for the failure of previous analyses, and lessons learned.
Methods
Data from the first 3576 exomes (1522 probands and 2054 relatives) collected from European Reference Network for Intellectual disability, TeleHealth, Autism and Congenital Anomalies was reanalyzed by the Solve-RD consortium by evaluating for the presence of single-nucleotide variant, and small insertions and deletions already reported as (likely) pathogenic in ClinVar. Variants were filtered according to frequency, genotype, and mode of inheritance and reinterpreted.
Results
We identified causal variants in 59 cases (3.9%), 50 of them also raised by other approaches and 9 leading to new diagnoses, highlighting interpretation challenges: variants in genes not known to be involved in human disease at the time of the first analysis, misleading genotypes, or variants undetected by local pipelines (variants in off-target regions, low quality filters, low allelic balance, or high frequency).
Conclusion
The âClinVar low-hanging fruitâ analysis represents an effective, fast, and easy approach to recover causal variants from exome sequencing data, herewith contributing to the reduction of the diagnostic deadlock
Ătude expĂ©rimentale de lâĂ©vaporation Ă haute tempĂ©rature de gouttes de combustible en rĂ©gime de fortes interactions Ă l'aide de mĂ©thodes optiques
AccĂšs restreint aux membres de l'UniversitĂ© de Lorraine jusqu'au 2015-10-16The study of heat and mass transfers during the evaporation of moving and interacting droplets remain a complex field because of the various mechanisms in action. The main parameters influencing the evaporation of droplets have been studied separately thanks to non intrusive optical diagnostics that have been used on a monodisperse droplet stream. A technique based on two colors laser induced fluorescence (LIF) was developed to measure the temperature of mono and multicomponent evaporating fuel droplets. The liquid fuel is seeded by a non-fluorescent absorber to eliminate the effect of morphological dependant resonances. The size evolution was obtained thanks to shadow imaging which allowed precise measurements of evaporation rates. A hot chamber was conceived to create controlled ambient conditions around the droplets. Thereby, the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, characterizing the heat and mass transfers, were deduced from the experimental data for various experimental conditions. The studies allowed confirming the influence of the volatility of the fuel regarding heat and mass transfers. The results also exhibit an influence of the Reynolds number. Finally, the study of multicomponent droplets had shown different heating and evaporating phases during the droplet transit time. Effects of various compositions have also been investigatedLâĂ©tude des transferts de chaleur et de masse lors de lâĂ©vaporation de gouttes en mouvement et en interaction est un domaine complexe Ă cause des nombreux phĂ©nomĂšnes en jeu. Les principaux paramĂštres influençant lâĂ©vaporation ont pu ĂȘtre Ă©tudiĂ©s indĂ©pendamment grĂące Ă lâutilisation de diagnostics optiques de mesure non-intrusifs sur un train de gouttes monodisperse. Une technique basĂ©e sur la fluorescence induite par laser (LIF) Ă deux couleurs a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©e afin dâobtenir la tempĂ©rature moyenne de gouttes de combustible mono et multicomposant. Afin de supprimer l'effet optique parasite engendrĂ© par des rĂ©sonances morphologiquement dĂ©pendantes, un absorbeur non fluorescent a Ă©tĂ© ensemencĂ© Ă faible concentration. LâĂ©volution de la vitesse et de la taille des gouttes ont Ă©tĂ© investiguĂ©es grĂące Ă une technique par ombroscopie quantitative qui permis la mesure trĂšs prĂ©cise des taux dâĂ©vaporation. Une enceinte Ă haute tempĂ©rature a Ă©tĂ© conçue afin de gĂ©nĂ©rer des conditions ambiantes maitrisĂ©es et propices Ă la formation dâune forte Ă©vaporation. Ainsi, les nombres de Nusselt et Sherwood ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©s expĂ©rimentalement pour plusieurs combustibles dans diverses conditions d'injection. L'Ă©tude sur diffĂ©rents combustibles et Ă diffĂ©rentes tempĂ©ratures d'injection a confirmĂ© lâinfluence de la volatilitĂ© du combustible sur les transferts. Lâinfluence du nombre de Reynolds a aussi Ă©tĂ© mise en Ă©vidence. LâĂ©tude de gouttes multicomposant a permis de montrer diffĂ©rentes phases dâĂ©chauffement et dâĂ©vaporation lors du temps de transit de la goutte liĂ©es aux diffĂ©rences de volatilitĂ© des combustibles du mĂ©lange. Les effets de diffĂ©rentes compositions ont aussi Ă©tĂ© investiguĂ©
Experimental study at high temperature of the vaporization of fuel droplets in strong interaction thanks to optical techniques
LâĂ©tude des transferts de chaleur et de masse lors de lâĂ©vaporation de gouttes en mouvement et en interaction est un domaine complexe Ă cause des nombreux phĂ©nomĂšnes en jeu. Les principaux paramĂštres influençant lâĂ©vaporation ont pu ĂȘtre Ă©tudiĂ©s indĂ©pendamment grĂące Ă lâutilisation de diagnostics optiques de mesure non-intrusifs sur un train de gouttes monodisperse. Une technique basĂ©e sur la fluorescence induite par laser (LIF) Ă deux couleurs a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©e afin dâobtenir la tempĂ©rature moyenne de gouttes de combustible mono et multicomposant. Afin de supprimer l'effet optique parasite engendrĂ© par des rĂ©sonances morphologiquement dĂ©pendantes, un absorbeur non fluorescent a Ă©tĂ© ensemencĂ© Ă faible concentration. LâĂ©volution de la vitesse et de la taille des gouttes ont Ă©tĂ© investiguĂ©es grĂące Ă une technique par ombroscopie quantitative qui permis la mesure trĂšs prĂ©cise des taux dâĂ©vaporation. Une enceinte Ă haute tempĂ©rature a Ă©tĂ© conçue afin de gĂ©nĂ©rer des conditions ambiantes maitrisĂ©es et propices Ă la formation dâune forte Ă©vaporation. Ainsi, les nombres de Nusselt et Sherwood ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©s expĂ©rimentalement pour plusieurs combustibles dans diverses conditions d'injection. L'Ă©tude sur diffĂ©rents combustibles et Ă diffĂ©rentes tempĂ©ratures d'injection a confirmĂ© lâinfluence de la volatilitĂ© du combustible sur les transferts. Lâinfluence du nombre de Reynolds a aussi Ă©tĂ© mise en Ă©vidence. LâĂ©tude de gouttes multicomposant a permis de montrer diffĂ©rentes phases dâĂ©chauffement et dâĂ©vaporation lors du temps de transit de la goutte liĂ©es aux diffĂ©rences de volatilitĂ© des combustibles du mĂ©lange. Les effets de diffĂ©rentes compositions ont aussi Ă©tĂ© investiguĂ©sThe study of heat and mass transfers during the evaporation of moving and interacting droplets remain a complex field because of the various mechanisms in action. The main parameters influencing the evaporation of droplets have been studied separately thanks to non intrusive optical diagnostics that have been used on a monodisperse droplet stream. A technique based on two colors laser induced fluorescence (LIF) was developed to measure the temperature of mono and multicomponent evaporating fuel droplets. The liquid fuel is seeded by a non-fluorescent absorber to eliminate the effect of morphological dependant resonances. The size evolution was obtained thanks to shadow imaging which allowed precise measurements of evaporation rates. A hot chamber was conceived to create controlled ambient conditions around the droplets. Thereby, the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, characterizing the heat and mass transfers, were deduced from the experimental data for various experimental conditions. The studies allowed confirming the influence of the volatility of the fuel regarding heat and mass transfers. The results also exhibit an influence of the Reynolds number. Finally, the study of multicomponent droplets had shown different heating and evaporating phases during the droplet transit time. Effects of various compositions have also been investigate
Etude théorique de la structure et de la réactivité des complexes organométalliques de lanthanides (Activation de liaisons inertes et polymérisation)
MONTPELLIER-BU Sciences (341722106) / SudocSudocFranceF
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