Sistematização da veia cava caudal em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis bubalis Simpson, 1945)

Para o presente trabalho utilizou-se 25 animais, fetos de búfalos da Raça Murrah, com idades variando entre 5 e 9 meses, sendo 15 fêmeas e 10 machos, com vistas à dissecação e sistematização dos vasos em estudo. Os animais foram coletados em abatedouro e fixados em solução aquosa de formol 10%. Obtiveramse para a Veia Cava Caudal os seguintes afluentes de origem: as veias ilíacas comuns direita e esquerda, e seus afluentes colaterais; veia sacral mediana; veias frênicas; veias lombares (1-5); veias circunflexas profunda do ílio direita e esquerda; 3-4 veias hepáticas; veia genital direita (testicular ou ovárica); veias adrenais e veias renais direita e esquerda.Twenty-five animals, Murrah, buffaloes fetus, with 5 to 9 months of age (15 females and 10 males) was analyzed by dissection after injected with latex substance. The fetuses were collected in a slaughterhouse and fixed in aqueous formol solution 10%. In the Caudal Vena Cava the following origin tributaries were observed: the common right and left iliac veins and collateral tributaries; the median sacral vein; frenic vein; 1-5 Lumbar veins; the circumflex deep veins of the right and left ileum; 3-4 hepatic veins; right genital vein (testicular or ovarian); adrenal vein and renal right and left veins

Sistematização da veia cava cranial em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis bubalis Simpson, 1945)

Twenty-five animals, Buffaloes fetus, with 5 to 9 months of age (15 females and 10 males) was analyzed by dissection after injected with latex substance. The fetuses were collected in a slaughterhouse and fixed in aqueous formol solution 10%. In the Cranial Vena Cava the following origin tributaries were observed: External right and left jugular veins and their collateral tributaries; the internal right and left jugular veins; the mediastinals and pericardials veins; the internal right and left thoracic; thymic vein; the right and left subclavian vein, the right and left costocervicalvertebral venous trunk, and occasionally the thoracic duct.Para o presente trabalho utilizou-se 25 animais, fetos de búfalos, com idades variando entre 5 e 9 meses, sendo 15 fêmeas e 10 machos, com vistas à dissecação e sistematização dos vasos em estudo. Os animais foram coletados em abatedouro e fixados em solução aquosa de formol 10%. Obtiveram-se para a Veia Cava Cranial os seguintes afluentes de origem: veias jugulares externas direita e esquerda, e os afluentes colaterais: as veias jugulares internas direita e esquerda, veias mediastínicas e pericárdicas, veias torácicas internas direita e esquerda, veias tímicas, veias subclávias direita e esquerda, o tronco costocervicovertebral direita esquerda, e ocasionalmente o ducto torácico

Internal Macroscopic Anatomy and Electrical Evaluation of the Bradypus variegatus Heart

Background: The Bradypus variegatus species presents peculiar anatomophysiological properties and many aspects of its organic systems still need to be clarified, especially regarding the cardiovascular system, given its participation in vital activities. Disorderly anthropic action has had drastic consequences in sloth populations and the need to treat sick and injured animals is increasingly common. To this end, the importance of knowing its characteristics is emphasized. Therefore, this study proposed to describe the internal macroscopic structures of the sloth's heart, as well as to measure the ventricular walls and indicate the electrical activity of the organ.Materials, Methods and Results: For the dissections, 15 Bradypus variegatus cadavers were used (1 young female, 9 adults females and 5 adult males) belonging to the Área de Anatomia of the Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recide, PE, Brazil. After they were fixed and preserved, the specimens received a midsagittal incision in the chest, followed by soft tissue folding and removal of ribs to access the heart. The organ was derived from the cavity and sectioned sagittal medially to identify its internal anatomy. Ventricular walls and interventricular septum were measured with a steel caliper (150 mm / 0.02 mm). An electrocardiogram was performed to determine the electrical profile on 5 healthy B. variegatus sloths, living under semi-livestock conditions at the Recife Zoo, PE, Brazil. The electrodes were taken from the regions, scapular and glutes of the animals that were called hugging a keeper during the procedure, carried out in the Zoo itself, using a portable device. Based on the data obtained, sloths have cardiac chambers separated by septa, however between atria and ventricles, in both antimeres, there are atrioventricular ostia, where valves are found, consisting of 3 valves on the right and 2 on the left. The atria are practically smooth inside and have their cavity enlarged by the atria, the right being larger than the left, these having a greater amount of pectineal muscles in relation to the atria. The ventricles have trabeculae and papillary muscles, 3 on the right and 2 on the left. These muscles hold the tendinous chords that connect the valves. The existence of trabeculae marginal septum was not evidenced. The thickness of the wall of the left ventricle, as well as that of the interventricular septum, proved to be greater than the thickness of the wall of the right ventricle, regardless of the age or sex of the animals. Based on the electrocardiographic recordings, the sloths presented sinus rhythm, with a heart rate between 67 and 100 bpm. The electrical axis ranged from -60º to -90º. The P wave is smoother than the QRS complex. While the S-T segment was classified as isoelectric. The T wave was shown to be + and predominantly > or = at 25% of the S wave, which characterized an rS type QRS deflection in both females and males.Discussion: The general characteristics of the cardiac chambers in sloths are similar to those observed in other domestic and wild mammals. However, the presence of pectineal muscles associated with the atria and auricles differs from that observed in mammals such as the paca and raccoon and in birds such as the ostrich, which have trabecular structures in these cavities. The number of valves in sloths is equal to the anteater. However, it has a marginal trabeculae septum, not seen in Bradypus variegatus. According to the electrocardiographic findings, the rhythm was sinus, but much lower than that observed in the capuchin monkey, which also maintains arboreal habits. Keywords: Xenarthra, common sloth, internal anatomy, heart, electrocardiogram.Descritores: Xenarthra, preguiça-comum, anatomia interna, coração, eletrocardiograma

Macroscopic Description of Small and Large Intestine of the Sloth Bradypus variegatus

Background: Sloths of the species Bradypus variegatus are mammals with peculiar habits, which feed mostly young leaves of ‘embaúba’ and occur broadly in Central and South America. This specie has the greatest occurrence in Brazilian Northeast, making it a biological model for several researches in the fields as anatomy, physiology, genetics, pathology, histology and ecology, which provide data to literature in order to benefit maintenance and preservation of these animals. This study aimed to describe unpublished data about small and large intestine anatomy of the sloth Bradypus variegatus, in order to collaborate for knowledge of its digestive processes.Materials, Methods & Results: In order to perform this present research, 10 corpses of specie Bradypus variegatus belonged to the acquis of Anatomy Division, Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology (DMFA); Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), with 5 males and 5 females, the study was authorized by Animal Use and Experimentation Ethic Committee license (CEUA-UFRPE), nº 034/2015. All 10 animals used had natural death, were obtained through a donation of CETAS Tangará (Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres - Wildlife Screening Center), and located in the city of Recife. Animals were dissected at abdominal and pelvic portion, from a median sagittal incision, followed by lateral folding of skin, muscle and withdrawal of pubis portion for exposition and description of intestines, with analysis of syntopy and measurement of these organs. A relation was observed among external holes of urinary, reproductive and digestive systems. A relation was still observed among intestines and stomach, liver, kidneys, bladder and abdominal cavity wall. Some animals had absence of sigmoid colon, ventral and dorsal descendent colon. Regarding measurement, small intestine ranged from 147.09 to 163.59 cm for males and 117.44 to 151.28 cm for females, while large intestine varied between 39.68 and 43.35 cm for males, and 33.19 and 44.47 cm for females. Urinary and reproductive systems had a same external hole at perineal portion for both gender. Whereas digestive system ended at anus as occur commonly among mammals.Discussion: Among specimens described, most had the same anatomic profile regarding the intestinal portions and syntopy performed over other abdominal cavity organs. A difference was observed on liver size, increment of 20% for females and males sampled, excluding animals that had absence of structure that were minority, once 40% of females had no ventral descending colon, 20% of males and females had no sigmoid colon, and 20% of males had no dorsal descending colon. However, some animals that had absence demonstrated increase of other adjacent structures, for example, male that had no dorsal descending colon developed the largest sigmoid colon observed among animals measured for portions of duodenum, ventral descending colon, ascending colon and dorsal descending colon. Regarding the measurement of small and large intestine, Bradypus variegatus had differences compared to other herbivores, what suggests that this fact is associated to a restricted diet, in which that animal is submitted. Because of literature shortage about digestive system of specie Bradypus variegatus and other species of wild animals in general, it still difficult to infer or plot more accurate affirmations about this subject

Descrição do processo xenarthro em Bradypus variegatus

Tamanduás, bichos-preguiça e tatus são considerados xenarthras, devido a possuírem articulações adicionais nas vértebras denominadas de xenarthro, justificando a Superordem. Estas articulações permitem-lhes assumir uma postura ereta sobre um tripé formado pelos membros posteriores e a cauda. No entanto, a determinação desses processos vertebrais no bicho-preguiça é inexistente na literatura. Devido à importância do conhecimento das estruturas ósseas dos animais para o entendimento de seus hábitos, propôs-se descrever o processo xenarthro na preguiça Bradypus variegatus. Foram utilizados três esqueletos, sendo um jovem e dois adultos pertencentes ao acervo do Museu de Anatomia Comparada da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (MAC-UFRPE). Realizou-se uma análise macroscópica das vértebras das preguiças. Pode-se descrever os xenarthros como processos presentes na última vértebra torácica, em todas as vértebras lombares, e na primeira vértebra sacral, medindo em média 0,5 cm, sendo localizado ventralmente ao processo mamilar formando com este uma concavidade, onde se articula a base do processo transverso da vértebra anterior e é este encaixe diferenciado que garante uma maior estabilidade ao animal

Contribuição ao estudo da anatomia macroscópica dos rins e das estruturas vasculares sanguíneas no hilo renal do bicho-preguiça (Bradypus variegatus)

Devido à ação antrópica sob o habitat natural do Bradypus variegatus, esta espécie encontra-se em risco de extinção. Um dos principais pontos para a conservação de espécies em extinção é conhecer sua anatomia e fisiologia. Porém, para o B. variegatus, com hábito exclusivamente herbívoro, onde se alimentam de folhas, flores, brotos, talos verdes e frutos, estas sendo sua principal fonte de ingestão hídrica, falta literatura sobre o funcionamento e aspectos anatômicos de seus rins. Logo, realizou-se um estudo da anatomia macroscópica dos rins e de suas estruturas vasculares, que atravessam o hilo renal. O objetivo é avaliar se sua estrutura possui diferenças anatômicas que justifiquem o baixo consumo de água. Oito pares de rins provenientes de bichos-preguiça adultos, pertencentes ao acervo do Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA) da UFRPE, foram utilizados para o estudo. Os rins foram retirados, dissecados, identificados e avaliados macroscopicamente. Os rins em B. variegatus apresentam forma elíptica, semelhante a um grão de feijão. Possui uma margem côncava e lisa, enquanto a outra é convexa, aonde se faz presente o hilo renal, com a presença das estruturas vasculares. Não foram observadas divisões em lobos, sendo classificado como órgão unilobado liso

Sistematização da veia cava cranial em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis bubalis Simpson, 1945)

Para o presente trabalho utilizou-se 25 animais, fetos de búfalos, com idades variando entre 5 e 9 meses, sendo 15 fêmeas e 10 machos, com vistas à dissecação e sistematização dos vasos em estudo. Os animais foram coletados em abatedouro e fixados em solução aquosa de formol 10%. Obtiveram-se para a Veia Cava Cranial os seguintes afluentes de origem: veias jugulares externas direita e esquerda, e os afluentes colaterais: as veias jugulares internas direita e esquerda, veias mediastínicas e pericárdicas, veias torácicas internas direita e esquerda, veias tímicas, veias subclávias direita e esquerda, o tronco costocervicovertebral direita esquerda, e ocasionalmente o ducto torácico

Internal Macroscopic Anatomy and Electrical Evaluation of the Bradypus variegatus Heart

Background: The Bradypus variegatus species presents peculiar anatomophysiological properties and many aspects of its organic systems still need to be clarified, especially regarding the cardiovascular system, given its participation in vital activities. Disorderly anthropic action has had drastic consequences in sloth populations and the need to treat sick and injured animals is increasingly common. To this end, the importance of knowing its characteristics is emphasized. Therefore, this study proposed to describe the internal macroscopic structures of the sloth's heart, as well as to measure the ventricular walls and indicate the electrical activity of the organ.Materials, Methods and Results: For the dissections, 15 Bradypus variegatus cadavers were used (1 young female, 9 adults females and 5 adult males) belonging to the Área de Anatomia of the Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recide, PE, Brazil. After they were fixed and preserved, the specimens received a midsagittal incision in the chest, followed by soft tissue folding and removal of ribs to access the heart. The organ was derived from the cavity and sectioned sagittal medially to identify its internal anatomy. Ventricular walls and interventricular septum were measured with a steel caliper (150 mm / 0.02 mm). An electrocardiogram was performed to determine the electrical profile on 5 healthy B. variegatus sloths, living under semi-livestock conditions at the Recife Zoo, PE, Brazil. The electrodes were taken from the regions, scapular and glutes of the animals that were called hugging a keeper during the procedure, carried out in the Zoo itself, using a portable device. Based on the data obtained, sloths have cardiac chambers separated by septa, however between atria and ventricles, in both antimeres, there are atrioventricular ostia, where valves are found, consisting of 3 valves on the right and 2 on the left. The atria are practically smooth inside and have their cavity enlarged by the atria, the right being larger than the left, these having a greater amount of pectineal muscles in relation to the atria. The ventricles have trabeculae and papillary muscles, 3 on the right and 2 on the left. These muscles hold the tendinous chords that connect the valves. The existence of trabeculae marginal septum was not evidenced. The thickness of the wall of the left ventricle, as well as that of the interventricular septum, proved to be greater than the thickness of the wall of the right ventricle, regardless of the age or sex of the animals. Based on the electrocardiographic recordings, the sloths presented sinus rhythm, with a heart rate between 67 and 100 bpm. The electrical axis ranged from -60º to -90º. The P wave is smoother than the QRS complex. While the S-T segment was classified as isoelectric. The T wave was shown to be + and predominantly > or = at 25% of the S wave, which characterized an rS type QRS deflection in both females and males.Discussion: The general characteristics of the cardiac chambers in sloths are similar to those observed in other domestic and wild mammals. However, the presence of pectineal muscles associated with the atria and auricles differs from that observed in mammals such as the paca and raccoon and in birds such as the ostrich, which have trabecular structures in these cavities. The number of valves in sloths is equal to the anteater. However, it has a marginal trabeculae septum, not seen in Bradypus variegatus. According to the electrocardiographic findings, the rhythm was sinus, but much lower than that observed in the capuchin monkey, which also maintains arboreal habits. Keywords: Xenarthra, common sloth, internal anatomy, heart, electrocardiogram.Descritores: Xenarthra, preguiça-comum, anatomia interna, coração, eletrocardiograma

Topographic and morphological aspects of the spleen of Bradypus variegatus (SCHINZ, 1825)

Sloths are wild animals with arboreal habits, with slow metabolism, found in tropical forests from South America to Central America. However, the lack of knowledge of their anatomy does not favor the conservation of the species in veterinary care centers, due to its peculiar anatomy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe the topography and morphology of the spleen of the species Bradypusvariegatus, in order to collect more information to support and assist in the clinical-surgical processes of the species. Eight corpses of B. variegatus, previously fixed with 20% formaldehyde and preserved in 30% saline solution, were dissected for the macroscopic study of the spleen. A healthy animal, living in semi-captivity, was assigned to perform a tomography of the abdominal region, for observation of the spleen, while two specimens were destined for the microscopic study of the organ immediately after death. Based on the data obtained, the spleen presented a topography and tissue composition similar to other mammals, but its morphology, absence of visceral lienal hilum and anatomical arrangement in the abdominal cavity differed from most domestic and wild animals.

Meningioma canino: Relato de caso

O meningioma é a neoplasia intracraniana mais comum em cães na clínica veterinária, em maior parte dos casos possui caráter benigno, além disso, pode vir a surgir em qualquer uma das três meninges que revestem e protegem o sistema nervoso central. O principal sinal clínico do meningioma é a convulsão, porém alteração de comportamento vem sendo relatada com frequência na literatura. A lomustina por ser altamente solúvel em lipídeos, atinge elevadas concentrações no fluido cérebro-espinhoso permitindo que a mesma seja usada como protocoloco quimioterapico para pacientes com meningioma. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho, relatar um caso de meningioma intracraniano em um cão de raça poodle com dez anos de idade destacando sua evolução clínica, diagnóstico presuntivo e conduta terapêutica