Prevalence of gastroparesis in diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Although there was no significant heterogeneity in the meta-publication, sensitivity analyses revealed significant heterogeneity. Overall, the prevalence was higher in women (N = 6, R = 4.6%, 95% CI 3.1%, 6.0%, and I2 = 99.8%) than in men (N = 6, R = 3.4%, 95% CI 2.0%, 4.7%, and I2 = 99.6the %); prevalence of type 2 diabetes (N = 9, R = 12.5%, 95% CI 7.7%, 17.3%, and I2 = 95.4%) was higher than type 1 diabetes (N = 7, R = 8.3%, 95% CI 6.4%, 10.2%, and I2 = 93.6%); the prevalence of DGP was slightly lower in DM patients aged over 60 years (N = 6, R = 5.5%, 95% CI 3.3%, 7.7%, and I2 = 99.9%) compared to patients under 60 years of age (N = 12, R = 15.8%, 95% CI 11 15.8%, 95% CI 11.4%, 20.2%, and I2 = 88.3%). In conclusion, our findings indicate that the combined estimated prevalence of gastroparesis in diabetic patients is 9.3%. However, the sensitivity of the results is high, the robustness is low, and there are significant bias factors. The subgroup analysis revealed that the prevalence of DM-DGP is associated with factors such as gender, diabetes staging, age, and study method

The mRNA levels of the four hub genes.

(A–D) Expression of the four genes in 12 pairs of ccRCC and para-cancer tissues by qRT-PCR. (E–H) expression of the four hub genes in cancer cells and normal kidney cells by qRT-PCR (**PP<0.05).</p

Differential expression of <i>PD-1</i> and <i>CTLA-4</i> and related immunotherapy in patients in the two risk groups.

(A-B) represents the differential expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 in the two risk groups. (C–F) represents the difference analysis of patients in the two risk groups when receiving immunotherapy for anti-PD-1 and CTLA-4.</p

Correlation between the expression levels of four hub genes and clinicopathology.

Correlation between the expression levels of four hub genes and clinicopathology.</p