Power Optimization of Wave Energy Converter (WEC) Arrray Based on Sea Conditions of a Wind Farm

[Introduction] In order to respond to the national initiative of intensive sea use, develop clean energy, and contribute to carbon neutralization, a preliminary analysis was conducted on the multi-energy integration mode of offshore wind power and wave energy devices, and the WEC was optimized to achieve higher power output. [Method] Based on potential flow theory, the floating fan platform - WEC array was simulated to analyze the influence of the dimension and the inherent period of the WEC on the output power of the WEC. [Result] The simulation results show that under the same inherent period, the flatter the WEC is, the greater the total power of the WEC array is, and the economic difference of the WEC is small. For sea conditions, the economic difference of WEC array under different inherent periods is great, so it should be considered comprehensively. [Conclusion] In the known sea conditions, the inherent period and the dimenson of WECs can be optimized to achieve higher power output and increase energy output per unit sea area

Revisiting the concentration observations and source apportionment of atmospheric ammonia

While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on whether agricultural or non-agricultural emissions dominate the urban ammonia budget. Identifying the ammonia source by nitrogen isotope helps in designing a mitigation strategy for policymakers, but existing methods have not been well validated. Revisiting the concentration measurements and identifying source apportionment of atmospheric ammonia is thus an essential step towards reducing ammonia emissions

The existence of solutions to certain type of nonlinear difference-differential equations

In this paper we study the entire solutions to a certain type of difference-differential equations. We also give an affirmative answer to the conjecture of Zhang et al. In addition, our results improve and complement earlier ones due to Yang-Laine, Latreuch, Liu-Lü et al. and references therein

Effect of ultrasound treatment on thawing process of frozen tofu prepared with different salt coagulants

This study investigated the effects of ultrasound-assisted water thawing (UWT) at different power levels (0, 100, 150, 200, and 250 W) on the thawing rate and gel properties of frozen tofu made using three different salt coagulants (CaCl2, CaSO4, and MgCl2). Tofu produced with CaCl2 and CaSO4 elicited gel structures with dense and homogeneous networks, while that with MgCl2 had rough pores and irregular networks. UWT treatment significantly decreased thawing time by 30.9–53.5% compared to the control. Water holding capacity and scanning electron microscopy analyses demonstrated that UWT-100, UWT-150, and UWT-200 should be used to increase the amount of fixed water for CaCl2, CaSO4, and MgCl2. These findings suggest that appropriate ultrasonic treatment could improve the water retention capacity of the tofu network and make the gel network structure more compact. Additionally, protein structural analysis showed a decrease in the exposure of hydrophobic groups and reduced protein denaturation when tofu prepared with all the coagulants were thawed with UWT energies of 100–200 W ultrasonication. These findings offer theoretical support for improving the frozen tofu thawing process while ensuring optimal final product quality