5,840 research outputs found
Comment on evidence for new interference phenomena in the decay D+ -> K- pi+ mu+ nu
The experimental determination of low energy pi K scattering phase shifts
would assist in determining scattering lengths as well as low energy constants
of chiral perturbation theory for which sum rules have been constructed. The
FOCUS collaboration has presented evidence for interference pheomena from their
analysis of D_l4 decays based on decay amplitudes suitable for a cascade decay
D -> K* -> K pi. We point out that if the well-known full five body kinematics
are taken into account, pi K scattering phases may be extracted. We also point
out that other distributions considered in the context of K_l4 decays can be
applied to charm meson decays to provide constraints on violation of |Delta
I|=1/2 rule and T-violation.Comment: 9 pages, plain latex; version with minor changes compared to v1 on
lepton masses effects, sign error eliminated, clarifying remarks added, one
additional ref.; version to appear in Phys. Lett.
Frictional Heating and Neutron Star Thermal Evolution
Differential rotation between the neutron star crust and a more rapidly
rotating interior superfluid leads to frictional heating that affects the
star's long-term thermal evolution and resulting surface emission. Here we
present the results of thermal evolution simulations based on two models of the
vortex pinning forces that bracket a range of plausible pinning strengths. We
include the effects of superfluidity, magnetic fields, and temperature
gradients. As representative standard and accelerated neutrino emission
processes taking place in the core, we consider the modified Urca process in
normal baryonic matter, and the much faster quark Urca process. Comparison of
our results with neutron star surface temperature data, including the recent
temperature measurement of the Geminga pulsar, shows that stars with soft
equations of state and modest frictional heating are in closest agreement with
the data; stars with stronger frictional heating have temperatures inconsistent
with the upper limit of PSR 1929+10. Stiffer stars undergoing standard cooling
generally have temperatures lying above the Vela detection, a situation
worsened by the inclusion of frictional heating. Stars undergoing accelerated
cooling without frictional heating have temperatures that fall far below most
temperature measurements; the Vela and Geminga detections being the most
compelling examples. Only in stiff stars, which have thick crusts, can the
inclusion of strong frictional heating raise the temperature at late stages in
the evolution to a level consistent with the data. However, such a large amount
of heating leads to a temperature at yr in excess of the Crab upper
limit. Suppression of accelerated neutrino emission processes, perhaps by
superfluid pairing in the core, may yield acceptable cooling models.Comment: AASTeX, 24 pages, 7 figures (Substantial Changes
Tkachenko waves, glitches and precession in neutron star
Here I discuss possible relations between free precession of neutron stars,
Tkachenko waves inside them and glitches. I note that the proposed precession
period of the isolated neutron star RX J0720.4-3125 (Haberl et al. 2006) is
consistent with the period of Tkachenko waves for the spin period 8.4s. Based
on a possible observation of a glitch in RX J0720.4-3125 (van Kerkwijk et al.
2007), I propose a simple model, in which long period precession is powered by
Tkachenko waves generated by a glitch. The period of free precession,
determined by a NS oblateness, should be equal to the standing Tkachenko wave
period for effective energy transfer from the standing wave to the precession
motion. A similar scenario can be applicable also in the case of the PSR
B1828-11.Comment: 6 pages, no figures, accepted to Ap&S
Correlated decay of triplet excitations in the Shastry-Sutherland compound SrCu(BO)
The temperature dependence of the gapped triplet excitations (triplons) in
the 2D Shastry-Sutherland quantum magnet SrCu(BO) is studied by
means of inelastic neutron scattering. The excitation amplitude rapidly
decreases as a function of temperature while the integrated spectral weight can
be explained by an isolated dimer model up to 10~K. Analyzing this anomalous
spectral line-shape in terms of damped harmonic oscillators shows that the
observed damping is due to a two-component process: one component remains sharp
and resolution limited while the second broadens. We explain the underlying
mechanism through a simple yet quantitatively accurate model of correlated
decay of triplons: an excited triplon is long-lived if no thermally populated
triplons are near-by but decays quickly if there are. The phenomenon is a
direct consequence of frustration induced triplon localization in the
Shastry--Sutherland lattice.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Thermodynamical Study on the Heavy-Fermion Superconductor PrOs4Sb12: Evidence for Field-Induced Phase Transition
We report measurements of low-temperature specific heat on the 4f^2-based
heavy-fermion superconductor PrOs4Sb12. In magnetic fields above 4.5 T in the
normal state, distinct anomalies are found which demonstrate the existence of a
field-induced ordered phase (FIOP). The Pr nuclear specific heat indicates an
enhancement of the 4f magnetic moment in the FIOP. Utilizing a Maxwell
relation, we conclude that anomalous entropy, which is expected for a
single-site quadrupole Kondo model, is not concealed below 0.16 K in zero
field. We also discuss two possible interpretations of the Schottky-like
anomaly at ~3 K, i.e., a crystalline-field excitation or a hybridization gap
formation.Comment: 5 pages with 5 figures, a note with two references added in proo
The Extended Shapes of Galactic Satellites
We are exploring the extended stellar distributions of Galactic satellite
galaxies and globular clusters. For seven objects studied thus far, the
observed profile departs from a King function at large r, revealing a ``break
population'' of stars. In our sample, the relative density of the ``break''
correlates to the inferred M/L of these objects. We discuss opposing hypotheses
for this trend: (1) Higher M/L objects harbor more extended dark matter halos
that support secondary, bound, stellar ``halos''. (2) The extended populations
around dwarf spheroidals (and some clusters) consist of unbound, extratidal
debris from their parent objects, which are undergoing various degrees of tidal
disruption. In this scenario, higher M/L ratios reflect higher degrees of
virial non-equilibrium in the parent objects, thus invalidating a precept
underlying the use of core radial velocities to obtain masses.Comment: 8 pages, including 2 figures Yale Cosmology Workshop: The Shapes of
Galaxies and Their Halo
Puzzles of excited charm meson masses
We attempt a comprehensive analysis of the low lying charm meson states which
present several puzzles, including the poor determination of masses of several
non-strange excited mesons. We use the well-determined masses of the ground
states and the strange first excited states to `predict' the mass of the
non-strange first excited state in the framework of heavy hadron chiral
perturbation theory, an approach that is complementary to the well-known
analysis of Mehen and Springer. This approach points to values for the masses
of these states that are smaller than the experimental determinations. We
provide a critical assessment of these mass measurements and point out the need
for new experimental information.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in Physics Letters
Machine-learning the phase diagram of a strongly-interacting Fermi gas
We determine the phase diagram of strongly correlated fermions in the
crossover from Bose-Einstein condensates of molecules (BEC) to Cooper pairs of
fermions (BCS) utilizing an artificial neural network. By applying advanced
image recognition techniques to the momentum distribution of the fermions, a
quantity which has been widely considered as featureless for providing
information about the condensed state, we measure the critical temperature and
show that it exhibits a maximum on the bosonic side of the crossover.
Additionally, we back-analyze the trained neural network and demonstrate that
it interprets physically relevant quantities
Effects of Intravenous Ketamine on Explicit and Implicit Measures of Suicidality in Treatment-Resistant Depression
Background
Intravenous ketamine has shown rapid antidepressant effects in early trials, making it a potentially attractive candidate for depressed patients at imminent risk of suicide. The Implicit Association Test (IAT), a performance-based measure of association between concepts, may have utility in suicide assessment.
Methods
Twenty-six patients with treatment-resistant depression were assessed using the suicidality item of the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-SI) 2 hours before and 24 hours following a single subanesthetic dose of intravenous ketamine. Ten patients also completed IATs assessing implicit suicidal associations at comparable time points. In a second study, nine patients received thrice-weekly ketamine infusions over a 12-day period.
Results
Twenty-four hours after a single infusion, MADRS-SI scores were reduced on average by 2.08 points on a 0 to 6 scale (p < .001; d = 1.37), and 81% of patients received a rating of 0 or 1 postinfusion. Implicit suicidal associations were also reduced following ketamine (p = .003; d = 1.36), with reductions correlated across implicit and explicit measures. MADRS-SI reductions were sustained for 12 days by repeated-dose ketamine (p < .001; d = 2.42).
Conclusions
These preliminary findings support the premise that ketamine has rapid beneficial effects on suicidal cognition and warrants further study.Psycholog
Pacemaker implantation in small hospitals: complication rates comparable to larger centres
Some countries have a demography that makes it necessary to maintain relatively small pacemaker centres. We wanted to assess the quality of pacemaker surgery in two such hospitals. Through patient records we gathered information on ∼535 consecutive primary pacemaker implantations in two small pacemaker centres with 30 and 80 annual operations, respectively. All patients were followed for 3 years. All complications documented in the patient records were registered. Furthermore, we performed a non-systematic literature search comparing our data with reports from major centres published over the last 10 years.We found 72 complications in 64 (12.0%) of the patients, the most common being bleeding, lead failure, and pneumothorax. If minor bleedings without any consequences for the patients are excluded, the number of complications was 46 in 40 patients (7.5%). We had to reoperate on 5.2% of the patients. There was no statistically significant difference in complication rates between the two hospitals. Education candidates generated statistically significant more complications than experienced doctors (13.7 vs. 7.1%, P < 0.05). There are no generally accepted norms of complication rates in pacemaker surgery. However, we found no indications that our centres have a rate of complications that is unacceptably high
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