Many Faces of Entropy or Bayesian Statistical Mechanics

Some 80-90 years ago, George A. Linhart, unlike A. Einstein, P. Debye, M. Planck and W. Nernst, has managed to derive a very simple, but ultimately general mathematical formula for heat capacity vs. temperature from the fundamental thermodynamical principles, using what we would nowadays dub a "Bayesian approach to probability". Moreover, he has successfully applied his result to fit the experimental data for diverse substances in their solid state in a rather broad temperature range. Nevertheless, Linhart's work was undeservedly forgotten, although it does represent a valid and fresh standpoint on thermodynamics and statistical physics, which may have a significant implication for academic and applied science.Comment: submitte

Eine Untersuchung der Sichtbarkeit von Open-Access Abschlussarbeiten auf deutschen institutionellen Repositorien

Sichtbarkeit ist ein zentrales Argument für Open Access. Der einfachste Weg zum Open Access ist die Publikation auf einem Repositorium. Zahlreiche Qualifikationsarbeiten werden hier über institutionelle Repositorien frei zugänglich gemacht. In der Untersuchung über die Nachweissituation schnitten die deutschen institutionellen Repositorien passabel ab, bei einem thematischen Sucheinstieg jedoch stellt sich die Sichtbarkeit dieser Publikationen als schlecht heraus

Attitude toward Advertising in General and Attitude toward a Specific Type of Advertising – A First Empirical Approach

The paper examines based on international research the differences between results of studies focused on consumers’ attitude toward advertising. The aim of this paper is to show that it is possible to find situations where the influence of attitudes towards specific ads in general (ASG) on attitudes toward advertising (Aad) can be observed and also it is possible to find no influence of attitudes toward ads in general (AG) on Aad. The paper shows that the problem comes from the definition of AG. The experiments described in this paper detect attitudinal differences toward advertising in general among studied nations depending on the type of advertising. The research encompasses respondents from three countries with different economic and cultural backgrounds (Germany, Ukraine and USA). The data were collected based on a quantitative survey and experiment among university students. The results show that the concept of AG is in some cases too broad. Differences between AG were confirmed between Ukraine and other countries. The respondents from Germany are according to AG more pessimistic and the respondents from the USA are more optimistic. This disparity was explained by a significant difference in Orthodox and Atheist religion compared to the other religions

Localized inter-valley defect excitons as single-photon emitters in WSe2_2

Single-photon emitters play a key role in present and emerging quantum technologies. Several recent measurements have established monolayer WSe$_2$ as a promising candidate for a reliable single photon source. The origin and underlying microscopic processes have remained, however, largely elusive. We present a multi-scale tight-binding simulation for the optical spectra of WSe$_2$ under non-uniform strain and in the presence of point defects employing the Bethe-Salpeter equation. Strain locally shifts excitonic energy levels into the band gap where they overlap with localized intra-gap defect states. The resulting hybridization allows for efficient filing and subsequent radiative decay of the defect states. We identify inter-valley defect excitonic states as the likely candidate for anti-bunched single-photon emission. This proposed scenario is shown to account for a large variety of experimental observations including brightness, radiative transition rates, the variation of the excitonic energy with applied magnetic and electric fields as well as the variation of the polarization of the emitted photon with the magnetic field

Why do patients having coronary artery bypass grafts have different costs or length of stay? : An analysis across ten European countries

We analyse variations in costs or lengths of stay (LoS) for 66,587 patients from ten European countries receiving a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedure. In five of these countries, variations in cost are analysed using log-linear models. In the other five countries, negative binomial regression models are used to explore variations in LoS. We compare how well each country’s Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) system and a set of patient-level characteristics explain these variations. The most important explanatory factors are the total number of diagnoses and procedures, although no clear effects are evident for our CABG-specific diagnostic and procedural variables. Wound infections significantly increase length of stay and costs in all countries. There is no evidence that countries using larger numbers of DRGs to group CABG patients were better at explaining variations in cost or LoS. However, refinements to the construction of DRGs to group CABG patients might recognise first and subsequent CABGs or other specific surgical procedures, such as multiple valve repair

Activation of sperm motility in the euryhaline tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii (Dumeril, 1859) acclimatized to fresh, sea and hypersaline waters

The effects of osmolality and ions were examined on motility of sperm from males of Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii acclimatized in tanks at salinities set at 0, 35 and 70 g L-1. The range of osmolality that enabled sperm activation, shifted and broadened as the maintenance salinity of broodfish increased. The requirement of extracellular Ca2+ for activation of sperm motility increased when the maintenance salinity of broodfish was higher

Formation of singularities for equivariant 2+1 dimensional wave maps into the two-sphere

In this paper we report on numerical studies of the Cauchy problem for equivariant wave maps from 2+1 dimensional Minkowski spacetime into the two-sphere. Our results provide strong evidence for the conjecture that large energy initial data develop singularities in finite time and that singularity formation has the universal form of adiabatic shrinking of the degree-one harmonic map from $\mathbb{R}^2$ into $S^2$.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, final version to be published in Nonlinearit