Steven-Johnson’s Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

Steven-Johnson’s Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) are both diseases mediated by hypersensitive immune reactions resulting in “full thickness epidermal necrosis” characterized by skin detachment. However, in SJS, there is only 10% skin surface area involvement whereas in TEN, over 30% of the skin becomes detached. TENS has a 50% mortality rate. (East-Innis & Thompson, 2013, p. 590) Why Chosen: SJS/TEN is a rare but extremely fatal disease. Initially, it is often mistaken as a simple allergic reaction to a new medication or environmental exposure because both cause truncal rashes and fevers. However, simple allergic reactions occur within days of exposure versus SJS/TEN, which will not mount signs and symptoms until one to three weeks after initial exposure; Meaning it is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. (Cooper, 2012, p. 54

In self defense : black female journalists' advocacy in the Cold War

Field of study: Journalism.Dr. Earnest Perry, Dissertation Supervisor.Includes vita.Introduction : "Colored Women of the United States" -- The Rosa Lee Ingram Case -- The Beginnings of Black Feminism -- Black Radicalism and the Cold War -- The Black Press : Advocacy Media -- Methods : Historical Discourse Analysis -- "Gross Miscarriage of Justice:" The Black Press Covers the Ingram Trial -- "Dignity of Negro Womanhood:" Black Women Advocate for Themselves -- Women From All Walks Of Life -- Conclusion-Understanding Black Women's History -- VITA"May 2018.""Mary Church Terrell, Black female journalist and civil rights activist, stood in front of the United Nations board in Lake Success, New York, on Sept. 21, 1949, to present a brief on Rosa Lee Ingram. Ingram and her two sons had been sentenced in 1948 to life in prison after they were accused of murdering John Stratford, their white neighbor who attacked Ingram after her livestock ventured onto his Georgia property. As a mother of 14 children, Ingram believed she acted in self-defense, but the Southern justice of an all-white jury convicted her. In front of an audience of 75 people, Terrell stated: "Under similar circumstances it is inconceivable that such an unjust sentence would have been imposed upon a white woman and her sons." She went further in noting the role that both race and gender played in the Ingram case." -- IntroductionIncludes bibliographical references

Earth Law and the Rights of Nature A New Generation of Laws Built for Nature

Earth Law and the Rights of Nature: A New Generation of Laws Built for Nature Wilson, Grant, Kayman, Lindsey, Bartlett, Paul, and Milena Popov John Jay College of Criminal Justice, Earth Law Center, Environmental Education Fund Forget doom and gloom. Let’s educate students about the Rights of Nature, an inspiring, evolving legal development which is gaining traction in the US and around the world, and which can promote the cultural shift needed to address our overlapping intersecting environmental crises — climate change, accelerating species extinction, and ecosystem collapse. The Rights of Nature is one aspect of Earth Law. Some of the other specific movements falling under the banner of Earth law are nonhuman rights for animals, defining ecocide as a crime, rights of future generations, legal guardianship for nature, and Indigenous legalities. In most countries, Nature has the legal status of mere property. The Rights of Nature recognizes that humans and Nature are in a relationship, rather than Nature merely providing a hoard of natural resources for indiscriminate human use. The legal structures discussed in Rights of Nature literature codifies the details of this restored relationship, rather than actually creating it. Nature becomes a legal entity with basic rights: the right to exist, flourish, thrive and regenerate. The Rights of Nature can also complement Indigenous rights by empowering Indigenous peoples to serve as legal guardians of their traditional territories. This poster and a companion open access CUNY Commons webpage and repository will provide links to curated video clips, films, case studies, a course book, a graduate level course syllabus, mock trial workshops, and written materials that can be used for incorporating the Rights of Nature and complimentary legal movements concepts into curricula

Meeting the Needs of our Communities, the CVS Health Spanish Pathway Program

There is a disproportionate number of Spanish-speaking pharmacists to meet the needs of the growing Hispanic/Latino population in the United States. The CVS Health Spanish Pathway Program (SPP) aspires to increase the number of qualified pharmacy talent who speak Spanish and are devoted to providing healthcare services to Hispanic/Latino communities. Since 2018, RUHS has partnered with CVS Health to introduce Spanish-speaking students to pharmacy careers and recruit and retain these students. Students selected for the SPP are placed at predominately Spanish-speaking CVS Health pharmacies for their introductory pharmacy practice experiences and receive special opportunities to network with local, regional, and national CVS Health leaders. SPP students receive additional quarterly student mentoring and complete a medical Spanish certification course. Movimiento Estudiantil Roseman (MER), a university student organization, provides SPP students service activities to meet the healthcare needs of local Spanish-speaking communities. The SPP offers students opportunities in leadership and self-development with coaching from SPP faculty members. Over the last four years, there have been 27 students enrolled in the SPP across two campuses. 86% of SPP graduates have secured employment at predominately Spanish-speaking CVS Health pharmacies. In addition, the SPP has impacted the University and College of Pharmacy with increased student MER membership and outreach and enrollment of over 200 students in our medical Spanish elective in the last two years. RUHS and the CVS Health SPP have successfully met the needs of our communities by graduating Spanish-speaking pharmacists who work in Spanish-speaking community pharmacies

Influence of Infanticide Risk on Brown Bear Den-Site Selection

The risk of infanticide in brown bears (Ursus arctos) may influence den-site selection and chronology for female brown bears with dependent young. Strategies to reduce risk of infanticide include females avoiding larger, more dominant adult males through spatialor temporal segregation. We assessed whether variation in den location, den habitat, and den entrance and emergence dates of male and female bears supported sexual segregation in Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Alaska. Den-sites (n = 56) were located using GPS telemetry data from bears in 2014 (n = 21) and 2015 (n = 35). We used mixed model analysis of variance to compare slope, elevation, and aspect of den sites for adult male and adult female bears with and without dependent young. We also used these variables to model probable denning habitat using maximum entropy modeling. We examined timing of female den entry and emergence in relation to males using generalized linear mixed models. Our preliminary results using 2014 data suggest that females with dependent may den at higher elevations (944 ± 140 m, x ? ± SD) than solitary females (866 ± 189 m) but at lower elevations (984 ± 118 m) than males. They also may use less steep slopes (25 ± 11.8°) than solitary females (29 ± 9.9°) or males (34 ± 4.9°). Additionally, females with dependent young (Julian day: 289 ± 8 days) denned 2 days later than solitary females (287 ± 6 days) and 20 days earlier than males (309 ± 21 days). Females with dependent young (122 ± 17 days) also emerged from dens 6 days earlier than solitary females (128 ± 9 days) and 10 days earlier than males (132 ± 10 days). Differences in den entrance and emergence dates suggest support our hypothesis that females with dependent young temporally segregate from male bears

Distinct Chemotaxis Protein Paralogs Assemble into Chemoreceptor Signaling Arrays To Coordinate Signaling Output

Most chemotactic motile bacteria possess multiple chemotaxis signaling systems, the functions of which are not well characterized. Chemotaxis signaling is initiated by chemoreceptors that assemble as large arrays, together with chemotaxis coupling proteins (CheW) and histidine kinase proteins (CheA), which form a baseplate with the cytoplasmic tips of receptors. These cell pole-localized arrays mediate sensing, signaling, and signal amplification during chemotaxis responses. Membrane-bound chemoreceptors with different cytoplasmic domain lengths segregate into distinct arrays. Here, we show that a bacterium, Azospirillum brasilense, which utilizes two chemotaxis signaling systems controlling distinct motility parameters, coordinates its chemotactic responses through the production of two separate membrane-bound chemoreceptor arrays by mixing paralogs within chemotaxis baseplates. The polar localization of chemoreceptors of different length classes is maintained in strains that had baseplate signaling proteins from either chemotaxis system but was lost when both systems were deleted. Chemotaxis proteins (CheA and CheW) from each of the chemotaxis signaling systems (Che1 and Che4) could physically interact with one another, and chemoreceptors from both classes present in A. brasilense could interact with Che1 and Che4 proteins. The assembly of paralogs from distinct chemotaxis pathways into baseplates provides a straightforward mechanism for coordinating signaling from distinct pathways, which we predict is not unique to this system given the propensity of chemotaxis systems for horizontal gene transfer

Distinct Chemotaxis Protein Paralogs Assemble into Chemoreceptor Signaling Arrays To Coordinate Signaling Output

Most chemotactic motile bacteria possess multiple chemotaxis signaling systems, the functions of which are not well characterized. Chemotaxis signaling is initiated by chemoreceptors that assemble as large arrays, together with chemotaxis coupling proteins (CheW) and histidine kinase proteins (CheA), which form a base- plate with the cytoplasmic tips of receptors. These cell pole-localized arrays mediate sensing, signaling, and signal amplification during chemotaxis responses. Membrane- bound chemoreceptors with different cytoplasmic domain lengths segregate into distinct arrays. Here, we show that a bacterium, Azospirillum brasilense, which utilizes two chemotaxis signaling systems controlling distinct motility parameters, coordi- nates its chemotactic responses through the production of two separate membrane- bound chemoreceptor arrays by mixing paralogs within chemotaxis baseplates. The polar localization of chemoreceptors of different length classes is maintained in strains that had baseplate signaling proteins from either chemotaxis system but was lost when both systems were deleted. Chemotaxis proteins (CheA and CheW) from each of the chemotaxis signaling systems (Che1 and Che4) could physically interact with one another, and chemoreceptors from both classes present in A. brasilense could interact with Che1 and Che4 proteins. The assembly of paralogs from distinct chemotaxis pathways into baseplates provides a straightforward mechanism for co- ordinating signaling from distinct pathways, which we predict is not unique to this system given the propensity of chemotaxis systems for horizontal gene transfer

Stakeholder narratives on trypanosomiasis, their effect on policy and the scope for One Health

Background This paper explores the framings of trypanosomiasis, a widespread and potentially fatal zoonotic disease transmitted by tsetse flies (Glossina species) affecting both humans and livestock. This is a country case study focusing on the political economy of knowledge in Zambia. It is a pertinent time to examine this issue as human population growth and other factors have led to migration into tsetse-inhabited areas with little historical influence from livestock. Disease transmission in new human-wildlife interfaces such as these is a greater risk, and opinions on the best way to manage this are deeply divided. Methods A qualitative case study method was used to examine the narratives on trypanosomiasis in the Zambian policy context through a series of key informant interviews. Interviewees included key actors from international organisations, research organisations and local activists from a variety of perspectives acknowledging the need to explore the relationships between the human, animal and environmental sectors. Principal Findings Diverse framings are held by key actors looking from, variously, the perspectives of wildlife and environmental protection, agricultural development, poverty alleviation, and veterinary and public health. From these viewpoints, four narratives about trypanosomiasis policy were identified, focused around four different beliefs: that trypanosomiasis is protecting the environment, is causing poverty, is not a major problem, and finally, that it is a Zambian rather than international issue to contend with. Within these narratives there are also conflicting views on the best control methods to use and different reasoning behind the pathways of response. These are based on apparently incompatible priorities of people, land, animals, the economy and the environment. The extent to which a One Health approach has been embraced and the potential usefulness of this as a way of reconciling the aims of these framings and narratives is considered throughout the paper. Conclusions/Significance While there has historically been a lack of One Health working in this context, the complex, interacting factors that impact the disease show the need for cross-sector, interdisciplinary decision making to stop rival narratives leading to competing actions. Additional recommendations include implementing: surveillance to assess under-reporting of disease and consequential under-estimation of disease risk; evidence-based decision making; increased and structurally managed funding across countries; and focus on interactions between disease drivers, disease incidence at the community level, and poverty and equity impacts