3,731 research outputs found
The relative income hypothesis: does it exist over time? Evidence from the BHPS
The relative income hypothesis suggests that income inequality has a detrimental affect on people´s health. This previously well accepted relationship has recently come under scrutiny. Some claim it is a statistical artefact, while others argue that aggregate level data are not sophisticated enough to adequately test for its existence. This paper adds to the debate by estimating the relationship between income inequality and health using panel data. A random effects ordered probit is used to estimate the relationship between net household income, regional income inequality and self-reported health, for 3736 individuals over 9 years, while controlling for individual socioeconomic characteristics like gender, social class and age. Significant differences in income inequality across regions and considerable changes in health are found across years, however, the panel data estimating regressions find no significant association between any of the measures of income inequality and self-reported health. Therefore, it would appear that the relative income hypothesis does not exist over time and does not exist within Britain. Keywords: Self rated health, income inequalities, random effects ordered probit, BHPS
The PN Technique of Ranging as Applied in the Ranging Subsystem Mark I
Pseudo-Noise /PN/ technique of ranging as applied in Ranging Subsystem Mark I - ranging code
How to take the interstellar weather with you in pulsar timing analysis
Here we present a Bayesian method of including discrete measurements of
dispersion measure due to the interstellar medium in the direction of a pulsar
as prior information in the analysis of that pulsar. We use a simple simulation
to show the efficacy of this method, where the inclusion of the additional
measurements results in both a significant increase in the precision with which
the timing model parameters can be obtained, and an improved upper limit on the
amplitude of any red noise in the dataset. We show that this method can be
applied where no multi-frequency data exists across much of the dataset, and
where there is no simultaneous multi-frequency data for any given observing
epoch. Including such information in the analysis of upcoming International
Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA) and European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA) data
releases could therefore prove invaluable in obtaining the most constraining
limits on gravitational wave signals within those datasets.Comment: 7 pages, 1 Table, 3 Figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text
overlap with arXiv:1310.212
Interaction design and emotional wellbeing
The World Health Organisation has concluded that
emotional wellbeing is fundamental to our quality of
life. It enables us to experience life as meaningful and
is an essential component of social cohesion, peace and
stability in the living environment [21]. This workshop
will bring together a diverse community to consolidate
existing knowledge and identify new opportunities for
research on technologies designed to support emotional
wellbeing. The workshop will examine uses of
technology in mental health settings, but will also
consider the importance of emotional needs in physical
healthcare and wellbeing more generally. The design of
technology to provide social support and to extend
traditional care networks will be key workshop themes
Solitary and shock waves in discrete double power-law materials
A novel strongly nonlinear laminar metamaterial supporting new types of
solitary and shock waves with impact energy mitigating capabilities is
presented. It consists of steel plates with intermittent polymer toroidal rings
acting as strongly nonlinear springs with large allowable strain. Their
force-displacement relationship is described by the addition of two power-law
relationships resulting in a solitary wave speed and width depending on the
amplitude. This double nonlinearity allows splitting of an initial impulse into
two separate strongly nonlinear solitary wave trains. Solitary and shock waves
are observed experimentally and analyzed numerically in an assembly with Teflon
o-rings.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure
Hyper-efficient model-independent Bayesian method for the analysis of pulsar timing data
A new model independent method is presented for the analysis of pulsar timing
data and the estimation of the spectral properties of an isotropic
gravitational wave background (GWB). We show that by rephrasing the likelihood
we are able to eliminate the most costly aspects of computation normally
associated with this type of data analysis. When applied to the International
Pulsar Timing Array Mock Data Challenge data sets this results in speedups of
approximately 2 to 3 orders of magnitude compared to established methods. We
present three applications of the new likelihood. In the low signal to noise
regime we sample directly from the power spectrum coefficients of the GWB
signal realization. In the high signal to noise regime, where the data can
support a large number of coefficients, we sample from the joint probability
density of the power spectrum coefficients for the individual pulsars and the
GWB signal realization. Critically in both these cases we need make no
assumptions about the form of the power spectrum of the GWB, or the individual
pulsars. Finally we present a method for characterizing the spatial correlation
between pulsars on the sky, making no assumptions about the form of that
correlation, and therefore providing the only truly general Bayesian method of
confirming a GWB detection from pulsar timing data.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
Viability of calanoid copepod eggs from intertidal sediments: A comparison of three estuaries
Calanoid copepod nauplii hatched from intertidal sediment samples from 3 British estuaries, the Exe, the Humber and the Mersey. The Exe Estuary is exposed to low levels of urban and agricultural pollution but the Humber and Mersey are subject to more extensive urban and industrial pollution. Samples were taken from the Humber and the Exe in April and November 1995 and from the Mersey and the Exe in June and October 1995. The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the sediments were measured as an index of pollution. The PAH concentrations in sediment were lowest in the Exe (mean 200 mu g/g dry weight in the Humber and some >300 mu g/g dry weight in the Mersey. Many more nauplii hatched from incubated sediments from the Exe than from the more polluted estuaries in April, June and November but larger numbers of nauplii hatched from the samples from the Mersey than from the Exe in October. Eggs were extracted from the samples taken in October and November and incubated; 92% of those from the Exe, 48% of those from the Humber and 14% of those from the Mersey hatched. This is consistent with reduction in viability of eggs with increased pollution. The viability of copepod eggs from sediments appears to have potential as a technique for in situ bioassay of fine sediments
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