Strategic actions to regulatory change : How banks adapt to PSD2

PSD2 is an EU directive implemented 1st May 2018 that forces banks to share information related to account information and payment initiations to third-party providers. The aim of the directive is mainly to increase integration, effectivity and competition on the European payment market.  With increased competition for banks, revenues are expected to decrease and previous literature on PSD2 are consistent with the fact that strategic actions beyond compliance have to be made. However, there is no previous studies on how banks are strategically adapting to PSD2.  The purpose of this thesis was to examine how banks are adapting strategically to PSD2, this to provide a better understanding about how banks are adapting to new regulatory changes.  The research question "What strategic actions are being performed within banks due to PSD2?" was answered through a qualitative research by conducting semi-structured interviews with the four largest banks in Sweden. The interviews were analyzed through a thematic analysis approach.  Five main implications could be concluded: (1) strategically, the researched banks are doing more than merely complying to PSD2, (2) some of the researched banks are planning to provide services that goes beyond PSD2, (3) the researched banks are creating digital platforms through open APIs, (4) innovation in the researched banks increases due to PSD2 and (5) collaborations in the researched banks increases due to PSD2

Övergångsarbetet mellan låg- och mellanstadiet i Sverige : - Vikten av lärarsamarbete gällande Engelskämnet.

This study has a fourfold focus. Firstly, the study aims to fill a gap in research regarding teachers and principals’ perceptions on transition work and collaboration in school years K-3 and 4-6 in the subject of English. Secondly, the study explores how these views affect students' academic achievement in the subject. Thirdly, the gathered data is compared to previous research and Swedish national governing documents and guidelines on the matter. Lastly, the study collected suggestions for improvements with regards to transition work and collaboration based on previous research and our respondents’ views.    The basis for the study is data collected from 42 teacher and 10 school principal respondents who answered qualitative and quantitative questions regarding the issue. The findings indicate that teachers and principals' views do not always align regarding transition work. The study shows a great discrepancy in how Swedish schools collaborate around transition, where some Swedish teachers report well-functioning transition work and collaboration and some report the complete opposite. Furthermore, the findings indicate that students' academic performance is affected by the quality of teachers transition and collaboration work. Lastly, the study identifies some key factors that are necessary for well-functioning transition and collaboration work to transpire. Denna studie har ett fyrfaldigt fokus. Först ämnar den att fylla ett hål i forskning som behandlar lärares och rektorers uppfattningar om övergångsarbete och samarbete mellan skolåren F-3 och 4-6 i Engelskämnet. Sedan utforskar studien hur dessa uppfattningar påverkar elevers akademiska prestationer i ämnet. I tredje hand jämförs den samlade datan med vad tidigare forskning, Svenska styrdokument och riktlinjer säger i frågan. Till sist sammanställer studien förslag på förbättringar på övergångsarbetet och samarbetet baserat på respondenternas bidrag och tidigare forskning. Forskningsunderlaget utgörs av data som samlats från 42 lärare och 10 rektorer som svarat på kvalitativa så väl som kvantitativa frågor om ämnet. Fynden indikerar att lärares och rektorers syn på övergångsarbete inte alltid överensstämmer. Studien visar vidare en grav diskrepans mellan svenska skolor i hur de samarbetar kring elevers övergång mellan låg- och mellanstadiet, där några av lärarna rapporterar ett väl fungerande samarbete och andra det helt motsatta. Fynden indikerar även att elevers akademiska prestationer kan påverkas av kvalitén på lärarnas samarbete och övergångsarbete. Slutligen identifierar studien några nyckelfaktorer som är nödvändiga för att skapa ett väl fungerande övergångsarbete och sammarbete.

Strategic actions to regulatory change : How banks adapt to PSD2

PSD2 is an EU directive implemented 1st May 2018 that forces banks to share information related to account information and payment initiations to third-party providers. The aim of the directive is mainly to increase integration, effectivity and competition on the European payment market.  With increased competition for banks, revenues are expected to decrease and previous literature on PSD2 are consistent with the fact that strategic actions beyond compliance have to be made. However, there is no previous studies on how banks are strategically adapting to PSD2.  The purpose of this thesis was to examine how banks are adapting strategically to PSD2, this to provide a better understanding about how banks are adapting to new regulatory changes.  The research question "What strategic actions are being performed within banks due to PSD2?" was answered through a qualitative research by conducting semi-structured interviews with the four largest banks in Sweden. The interviews were analyzed through a thematic analysis approach.  Five main implications could be concluded: (1) strategically, the researched banks are doing more than merely complying to PSD2, (2) some of the researched banks are planning to provide services that goes beyond PSD2, (3) the researched banks are creating digital platforms through open APIs, (4) innovation in the researched banks increases due to PSD2 and (5) collaborations in the researched banks increases due to PSD2

En bortprioriterad grupp : En kvalitativ studie kring de biologiska barnens betydelse i familjehem utifrån familjehemssekreterarnas arbete.

The purpose of this study is to illustrate how family home secretaries are discussing the conditions and importance of the biological children in foster families. Through this we want to gain an understanding of the subject and contribute with knowledge that can generate further research. Previous research shows that biological children are under prioritized in foster care. We were curious about what foster care secretary’s actually do for this group of individuals in their work. To get this information we interviewed six social workers who works with foster care. Our six informants were located in different municipalities in southern Sweden. The theoretical perspective we used were the norm of the core family, from private to public and the last theory we used were risk- and protection factors. The qualitative method for the study was semi- structured interviews that we transcribed and coded for our results. The results shows that the biological children gets often overridden due to the lack of resources and that the different municipalities argue differently about the need to support the biological children. The biological children in fosterfamilies has an important roll and meaning for the fosterchildren’s wellbeeing. Another result show that familychanges affects the biological children but the social workers dont’t reflect about that

The impact of age when learning English as a second language in the early school years

Denna studie undersöker om tidig ålder anses vara den framgångsrika faktorn för hur man lyckas utveckla ett andraspråk. Enligt Muñoz (2008) hävdar hon att andraspråksutveckling främst beror på barnets biologiska mognadsprocess, hjärnutveckling, talförmåga och hörsel. Att lära sig ett andraspråk påverkas också starkt av hur ofta elever kommer i kontakt och får använda andraspråket. Baserat på detta betyder Muñoz (2008) att det inte är åldern som avgör hur väl en individ lär sig ett andraspråk, men det är de nämnda faktorerna som spelar en roll för åldern. Därför tyckte vi att detta var ett mycket intressant och extremt diskuterat område att utforska. Våra resultat visar att mer forskning behöver göras för att besvara frågan om en tidig ålder anses vara faktorn för hur man lyckas utveckla ett andraspråk. Andersson (2017) säger att vuxna lär sig ett andraspråk snabbare än ett barn, men barn kommer så småningom att bli överlägsna andraspråks användare. Några av resultaten i vår forskning visar att den bästa tiden att lära sig ett andraspråk är före 17.4 (Hartshorne, Tenenbaum & Pinker, 2018). Vissa säger att det är mellan åldern 7-13 och vissa av forskarnas påståenden att det är troligt att det är omöjligt att fastställa ett resultat till detta forskningsområde, för så länge du inte har sett en ung elevs utveckling sida vid sida med en vuxna personer, och inte följt av protokoll, kan du inte dra någon slutsats till denna fråga (Muñoz, 2008). Utöver detta har den forskning vi har funnit visat att det inte är omöjligt att lära sig ett andraspråk flytande som vuxen, även om vissa säger att det kräver mycket mer ansträngning. Andra säger att det till och med kan skada inlärningsresultaten. McLaughlin (2012) hävdar att försök att lära sig ett andra språk som vuxen kan skada inlärningsresultatet eftersom vuxna har en överlägsen kognitiv funktion (McLaughlin, 2012).Abstract This study investigates if early age is considered to be the factor on how to successfully developing an L2. According to Muñoz (2008), she claims that L2 development primarily depends on the child's biological maturation process, brain development, speech ability, and hearing. Learning the L2 is also greatly influenced by how often pupils come into contact and are allowed to use the L2 language. Based on this, Muñoz (2008) means that it is not the age that determines how well an individual learns an L2, but it is the aforementioned factors that play a role in concerning age. Thus, we found this to be a very interesting and extremely debated area to explore. Our findings show that more research needs to be done to answer the question if an early age is considered to be the factor in how to successfully develop an L2. Andersson (2017) states that adults learn an L2 faster than a child, but children will eventually become superior L2 users. Some of the findings in our research show that the best time of learning an L2 is before the age of 17.4 (Hartshorne, Tenenbaum & Pinker, 2018). Some states it’s between the years of 7-13 and some of the researchers’ claims that pinpointing a result to this area of research is most likely to be impossible, because as long as you have not seen a young pupil’s development side by side with an adult person's, and not followed it by protocol, you cannot draw any conclusion to this question (Muñoz, 2008). Additional to this, the research we have found has shown that it is not impossible to learn an L2 as an adult fluently, although some say it requires a lot more effort, some states that it even could harm the learning outcomes. McLaughlin (2012) claims that trying to learn a second language as an adult could harm the learning outcome since adults have a superior cognitive function (McLaughlin, 2012)

Strategic actions to regulatory change : How banks adapt to PSD2

PSD2 is an EU directive implemented 1st May 2018 that forces banks to share information related to account information and payment initiations to third-party providers. The aim of the directive is mainly to increase integration, effectivity and competition on the European payment market.  With increased competition for banks, revenues are expected to decrease and previous literature on PSD2 are consistent with the fact that strategic actions beyond compliance have to be made. However, there is no previous studies on how banks are strategically adapting to PSD2.  The purpose of this thesis was to examine how banks are adapting strategically to PSD2, this to provide a better understanding about how banks are adapting to new regulatory changes.  The research question "What strategic actions are being performed within banks due to PSD2?" was answered through a qualitative research by conducting semi-structured interviews with the four largest banks in Sweden. The interviews were analyzed through a thematic analysis approach.  Five main implications could be concluded: (1) strategically, the researched banks are doing more than merely complying to PSD2, (2) some of the researched banks are planning to provide services that goes beyond PSD2, (3) the researched banks are creating digital platforms through open APIs, (4) innovation in the researched banks increases due to PSD2 and (5) collaborations in the researched banks increases due to PSD2