A remark on asymptotic completeness for the critical nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation

We give a short proof of asymptotic completeness and global existence for the cubic Nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation in one dimension. Our approach to dealing with the long range behavior of the asymptotic solution is by reducing it, in hyperbolic coordinates to the study of an ODE. Similar arguments extend to higher dimensions and other long range type nonlinear problems.Comment: To appear in Lett. Math. Phy

Beyond Benteng: Indonesian Entrepreneurship in Central Java in the 1950s\u27

Abstract: Benteng failed but Indonesian business prevailed â that appears to be the final judgement on the liberation from foreign or colonial entrepreneurship in Sukarno\u27s Indonesia, albeit in grossly simplified wording. This exploration of emerging Indonesian entrepreneurship at the time of the Benteng policy, uses Central Java as a case study and produces five broad observations that may shed some new light on the history of economic decolonization in general and indonesianisasi in particular in Indonesia during the 1950s. First, the indisputable failure of the Benteng policy renders only a partial and even misleading impression of the development of entrepreneurship in Indonesia in the 1950s. Second, there was an unmistakeable new dynamism in the elaboration of Indonesia\u27s corporate network under Sukarno in which both indigenous Indonesian businessmen and Indonesians of Chinese descent participated, on occasion operating in conjunction with one another. Third, the very chronology of establishment of new enterprises reflects the short-run ups and downs in the general business climate in Indonesia in the 1950s. Fourth, there was a shift from Chinese to indigenous Indonesians in establishing new enterprises as the general business climate deteriorated for the former group and improved for the latter one in the course of the 1950s. Fifth, the pattern of combined differentiation in terms of both ethnicity and economic structure reveals that local conditions and traditions played an important role as well in the indonesianisasi of the corporate network. Did Indonesian entrepreneurship flourish because or despite Benteng? It is impossible to give a clear-cut answer to this question because it focuses too strongly on direct causal links. The connection is likely to have been a more indirect one. Benteng was symptomatic or symbolic for an optimism and iinprovement in the general business climate that in turn fostered new Indonesian entrepreneurship. Keywords: Benteng, Entrepreneurship, Central Java-195

From Java Bank to Bankindonega: A Case Study of IndonesitlitisittiriPiietice

ABSTRACT The Medeka (!) idea is deeply entrenched in all layers of the population, among intellectuals as well as among others\u27. This was reported by one of the directors of the java Bank ... Key words : Bank and bankin

Simple Non Linear Klein-Gordon Equations in 2 space dimensions, with long range scattering

We establish that solutions, to the most simple NLKG equations in 2 space dimensions with mass resonance, exhibits long range scattering phenomena. Modified wave operators and solutions are constructed for these equations. We also show that the modified wave operators can be chosen such that they linearize the non-linear representation of the Poincar\'e group defined by the NLKG.Comment: 19 pages, LaTeX, To appear in Lett. Math. Phy

Classical Correlations and Entanglement in Quantum Measurements

We analyze a quantum measurement where the apparatus is initially in a mixed state. We show that the amount of information gained in a measurement is not equal to the amount of entanglement between the system and the apparatus, but is instead equal to the degree of classical correlations between the two. As a consequence, we derive an uncertainty-like expression relating the information gain in the measurement and the initial mixedness of the apparatus. Final entanglement between the environment and the apparatus is also shown to be relevant for the efficiency of the measurement.Comment: to appear in Physical Review Letter

Meteor showers of comet C/1917 F1 Mellish

December Monocerotids and November Orionids are weak but established annual meteor showers active throughout November and December. Analysis of a high quality orbits subset of the SonotaCo video meteor database shows that the distribution of orbital elements, geocentric velocity and also the orbital evolution of the meteors and potential parent body may imply a common origin for these meteors coming from the parent comet C/1917 F1 Mellish. This is also confirmed by the physical properties and activity of these shower meteors. An assumed release of meteoroids at the perihelion of the comet in the past and the sky-plane radiant distribution reveal that the December Monocerotid stream might be younger than the November Orionids. A meteoroid transversal component of ejection velocity at the perihelion must be larger than 100 m/s. A few authors have also associated December Canis Minorids with the comet C/1917 F1 Mellish. However, we did not find any connection.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures and 5 table

Steady state entanglement in open and noisy quantum systems at high temperature

We show that quantum mechanical entanglement can prevail even in noisy open quantum systems at high temperature and far from thermodynamical equilibrium, despite the deteriorating effect of decoherence. The system consists of a number N of interacting quantum particles, and it can interact and exchange particles with some environment. The effect of decoherence is counteracted by a simple mechanism, where system particles are randomly reset to some standard initial state, e.g. by replacing them with particles from the environment. We present a master equation that describes this process, which we can solve analytically for small N. If we vary the interaction strength and the reset against decoherence rate, we find a threshold below which the equilibrium state is classically correlated, and above which there is a parameter region with genuine entanglement.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Altered collagen metabolism and delayed healing in a novel model of ischemic wounds

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72877/1/j.1524-475X.1995.30212.x.pd

Basic Concepts in the Application of Immunological Adjuvants

No abstract availabl

The Nature of the Gould Belt from a Fractal Analysis of its Stellar Population

The Gould Belt (GB) is a system of gas and young, bright stars distributed along a plane that is inclined with respect to the main plane of the Milky Way. Observational evidence suggests that the GB is our closest star formation complex, but its true nature and origin remain rather controversial. In this work we analyze the fractal structure of the stellar component of the GB. In order to do this, we tailor and apply an algorithm that estimates the fractal dimension in a precise and accurate way, avoiding both boundary and small data set problems. We find that early OB stars (of spectral types earlier than B4) in the GB have a fractal dimension very similar to that of the gas clouds in our Galaxy. On the contrary, stars in the GB of later spectral types show a larger fractal dimension, similar to that found for OB stars of both age groups in the local Galactic disk (LGD). This result seems to indicate that while the younger OB stars in the GB preserve the memory of the spatial structure of the cloud where they were born, older stars are distributed following a similar morphology as that found for the LGD stars. The possible causes for these differences are discussed.Comment: 20 pages including 7 figures and 1 table. ApJ (in press