39 research outputs found

    Understanding the Patient Experience with Carcinoid Syndrome: Exit Interviews from a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study of Telotristat Ethyl

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    Purpose: Telotristat ethyl, an oral tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, is intended to treat carcinoid syndrome by reducing serotonin production. Telotristat ethyl was evaluated in TELESTAR, a Phase III study for patients who had carcinoid syndrome with at least 4 bowel movements (BMs) per day and who were receiving somatostatin analogue therapy. This interview substudy was conducted to provide insight into the patient experience in TELESTAR and to help understand whether reductions in BM frequency (the primary end point) and other symptoms were clinically meaningful. Methods: Participating sites were asked to invite (before randomization) all eligible patients to telephone interviews scheduled at the end of the double-blind treatment period. Patients and interviewers were blinded to treatment. Findings: All 35 interviewed participants reported diarrhea and/or excessive BMs at baseline. Patients reported that these symptoms negatively affected emotional, social, physical, and occupational well-being. Prespecified criteria for treatment response (achieving ≄ 30% reduction in BM frequency for at least 50% of the days) were met by 8 of 26 patients taking telotristat ethyl and 1 of 9 patients taking placebo. All 8 patients taking telotristat ethyl described clinically meaningful reductions in BM frequency and were very satisfied with the ability of the study drug to control their carcinoid syndrome symptoms. Overall, reports of being very satisfied were observed in 12 patients taking telotristat ethyl and 0 taking placebo. Implications: Patient interviews revealed that TELESTAR patients, at baseline, were significantly affected by their high BM frequency. Patient reports of their clinical trial experience supported the significance of the primary end point and clinical responder analysis in TELESTAR, helping identify and understand clinically meaningful change produced by telotristat ethyl

    Genetic variations in A20 DUB domain provide a genetic link to citrullination and neutrophil extracellular traps in systemic lupus erythematosus

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    Objectives: Genetic variations in TNFAIP3 (A20) de-ubiquitinase (DUB) domain increase the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis. A20 is a negative regulator of NF-ÎșB but the role of its DUB domain and related genetic variants remain unclear. We aimed to study the functional effects of A20 DUB-domain alterations in immune cells and understand its link to SLE pathogenesis. Methods: CRISPR/Cas9 was used to generate human U937 monocytes with A20 DUB-inactivating C103A knock-in (KI) mutation. Whole genome RNA-sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed genes between WT and C103A KI cells. Functional studies were performed in A20 C103A U937 cells and in immune cells from A20 C103A mice and genotyped healthy individuals with A20 DUB polymorphism rs2230926. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation was addressed ex vivo in neutrophils from A20 C103A mice and SLE-patients with rs2230926. Results: Genetic disruption of A20 DUB domain in human and murine myeloid cells did not give rise to enhanced NF-ÎșB signalling. Instead, cells with C103A mutation or rs2230926 polymorphism presented an upregulated expression of PADI4, an enzyme regulating protein citrullination and NET formation, two key mechanisms in autoimmune pathology. A20 C103A cells exhibited enhanced protein citrullination and extracellular trap formation, which could be suppressed by selective PAD4 inhibition. Moreover, SLE-patients with rs2230926 showed increased NETs and increased frequency of autoantibodies to citrullinated epitopes. Conclusions: We propose that genetic alterations disrupting the A20 DUB domain mediate increased susceptibility to SLE through the upregulation of PADI4 with resultant protein citrullination and extracellular trap formation

    "You have to start somewhere" : A case study of Upplands VĂ€sby library's work with national minorities

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    Problemformulering och syfte: Syftet med denna studie Ă€r att undersöka hur de nationella minoriteterna synliggörs pĂ„ ett svenskt folkbibliotek samt hur bibliotekets arbete kan förstĂ„s utifrĂ„n R. David Lankes teoretiska ramverk för The New Librarianship. Enligt tidigare studier Ă€r det flera av Sveriges folkbibliotek som idag inte uppfyller det lagstadgade uppdraget gentemot de nationella minoriteterna. Uppdraget ska realiseras av olika aktörer i samhĂ€llet, dĂ€ribland biblioteken och bibliotekarier. Hur uppdraget utförs verkar vara beroende av resurser men framförallt av professionens kunskap och kompetens vilket sannolikt Ă€r nĂ„got som pĂ„verkar mĂ„lgruppens synliggörande pĂ„ biblioteken. Det avser bĂ„de pĂ„ individnivĂ„ och institutionell nivĂ„. Det skapar en ojĂ€mlikhet i samhĂ€llet och Ă€r problematiskt ur flera aspekter men frĂ€mst pĂ„ grund av att man inte uppfyller lagstiftningen om demokratiska, mĂ€nskliga rĂ€ttigheter. Lisa Hussey (2010) menar att det sĂ€tt som professionella inom biblioteks-och informationsvetenskap tillhandahĂ„ller tjĂ€nster kan stĂ€rka positiva sociala strukturer men det kan ocksĂ„ förstĂ€rka orĂ€ttvisor.  Metod och teori: Undersökningen är en kvalitativ fallstudie av Upplands VĂ€sby biblioteks arbete gentemot de nationella minoriteterna i Sverige. Det empiriska materialet bestĂ„r av en semistrukturerad intervju med tvĂ„ respondenter, en observationsstudie av biblioteksrummet och en textanalys av Upplands VĂ€sby kommuns biblioteksplan 2021–2024. För analys av studiens resultat, anvĂ€nds utvalda delar av R. David Lankes teoretiska ramverk The New Librarianship. Material och resultat: Genom studier av den semistrukturerade intervjun, observationsstudien och nĂ€rlĂ€sning av Upplands VĂ€sby biblioteksplan framkom det sju teman som resultatet delades in i. I undersökningen framgĂ„r det att den enskilda bibliotekariens engagemang, kunskap och kompetens spelar en viktig roll för bibliotekets arbete med att stĂ€rka och frĂ€mja de nationella minoriteterna. Det framgĂ„r Ă€ven att det Ă€r en politisk frĂ„ga och en frĂ„ga om resurser som pĂ„verkar hur mĂ„lgruppen synliggörs i samhĂ€llet. I resultatet lyfts Ă€ven vikten av samverkan fram, dels med minoriteterna sjĂ€lva, dels med andra aktörer i samhĂ€llet. Slutsatser: PĂ„ Upplands VĂ€sby bibliotek drivs det ett medvetet och riktat arbete för de nationella minoriteterna. Det kan ses som en utveckling av uppdraget och en ny bibliotekarieroll, som med rĂ€tt kompetens och kunskap har utrymme att bedriva ett vĂ€rderingsstyrt biblioteksarbete. Med begrĂ€nsade resurser behöver prioriteringar göras och man kan Ă€ven med smĂ„ medel synliggöra och samverka pĂ„ olika sĂ€tt. Genom omvĂ€rldsbevakning och att vara i samtal med andra kan man vidga sin kunskap. De delarna tillsammans och att verka för mĂ„ngfald av mĂ€nniskor, litteratur och programverksamhet kan Ă€ndĂ„ Ă„stadkomma viss skillnad i bibliotekens arbete gentemot de nationella minoriteterna. Problem and purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how the national minorities are made visible in a Swedish public library and how the libraryÂŽs work can be understood from R. David Lankes theoretical framework The New Librarianship. According to previous studies, several of Sweden’s public libraries do not fulfill their statutory mission towards the national minorities. The mission must be realized by various actors in society, including libraries and librarians. How the assignment is carried out seems to depend on resources, but above all by the librarian’s knowledge and competence, which is likely something that affects the visibility of the target group in the libraries. This applies both at the individual level and at the institutional level. It creates an inequality in society and is problematic from several aspects, but mainly due to not complying with the legislation on democratic, human rights. Lisa Hussey (2010) argues that the way library and information science professionals provide services can reinforce positive social structures but also reinforce injustice. Method and theory: The survey is a qualitative case study of Upplands VĂ€sby library’s work towards the national minorities in Sweden. The empirical material consists of a semi structured interview with two respondants, an observation study of the library room and a text analysis of Upplands VĂ€sby municipality library plan 2021-2024. For analysis of the study’s result, selected parts of R. David Lankes theoretical framework The New Librarianship are used. Materials and results: Through studies of the semi-structured interview, the observation study and a close reading of Upplands VĂ€sby’s library plan, seven themes emerged which the result were divided into. The survey shows that the commitment, knowledge, and competence of the individual librarian play an important role in the library’s work to strengthen and promote the national minorities. It also appears that it is a political issue and a matter of resources that affect how the target group is made visible in society. The result also highlights the importance of cooperation with the minorities themselves and with other actors in society. Conclusions: At Upplands VĂ€sby’s library, a conscious and targeted work is carried out for the national minorities. It can be seen as a development of the mission and a new librarian role, which with the right skills and knowledge has room to carry out value-driven library work. With limited resources, priorities need to be set, but even with small funds you can collaborate with and make the national minorities visible in different ways. By observing the world around you and being in conversations with other, you can expand your knowledge. Those parts together and working for a diversity of people, literature and program activities can still make a certain difference in the work of the libraries for the national minorities

    "You have to start somewhere" : A case study of Upplands VĂ€sby library's work with national minorities

    No full text
    Problemformulering och syfte: Syftet med denna studie Ă€r att undersöka hur de nationella minoriteterna synliggörs pĂ„ ett svenskt folkbibliotek samt hur bibliotekets arbete kan förstĂ„s utifrĂ„n R. David Lankes teoretiska ramverk för The New Librarianship. Enligt tidigare studier Ă€r det flera av Sveriges folkbibliotek som idag inte uppfyller det lagstadgade uppdraget gentemot de nationella minoriteterna. Uppdraget ska realiseras av olika aktörer i samhĂ€llet, dĂ€ribland biblioteken och bibliotekarier. Hur uppdraget utförs verkar vara beroende av resurser men framförallt av professionens kunskap och kompetens vilket sannolikt Ă€r nĂ„got som pĂ„verkar mĂ„lgruppens synliggörande pĂ„ biblioteken. Det avser bĂ„de pĂ„ individnivĂ„ och institutionell nivĂ„. Det skapar en ojĂ€mlikhet i samhĂ€llet och Ă€r problematiskt ur flera aspekter men frĂ€mst pĂ„ grund av att man inte uppfyller lagstiftningen om demokratiska, mĂ€nskliga rĂ€ttigheter. Lisa Hussey (2010) menar att det sĂ€tt som professionella inom biblioteks-och informationsvetenskap tillhandahĂ„ller tjĂ€nster kan stĂ€rka positiva sociala strukturer men det kan ocksĂ„ förstĂ€rka orĂ€ttvisor.  Metod och teori: Undersökningen är en kvalitativ fallstudie av Upplands VĂ€sby biblioteks arbete gentemot de nationella minoriteterna i Sverige. Det empiriska materialet bestĂ„r av en semistrukturerad intervju med tvĂ„ respondenter, en observationsstudie av biblioteksrummet och en textanalys av Upplands VĂ€sby kommuns biblioteksplan 2021–2024. För analys av studiens resultat, anvĂ€nds utvalda delar av R. David Lankes teoretiska ramverk The New Librarianship. Material och resultat: Genom studier av den semistrukturerade intervjun, observationsstudien och nĂ€rlĂ€sning av Upplands VĂ€sby biblioteksplan framkom det sju teman som resultatet delades in i. I undersökningen framgĂ„r det att den enskilda bibliotekariens engagemang, kunskap och kompetens spelar en viktig roll för bibliotekets arbete med att stĂ€rka och frĂ€mja de nationella minoriteterna. Det framgĂ„r Ă€ven att det Ă€r en politisk frĂ„ga och en frĂ„ga om resurser som pĂ„verkar hur mĂ„lgruppen synliggörs i samhĂ€llet. I resultatet lyfts Ă€ven vikten av samverkan fram, dels med minoriteterna sjĂ€lva, dels med andra aktörer i samhĂ€llet. Slutsatser: PĂ„ Upplands VĂ€sby bibliotek drivs det ett medvetet och riktat arbete för de nationella minoriteterna. Det kan ses som en utveckling av uppdraget och en ny bibliotekarieroll, som med rĂ€tt kompetens och kunskap har utrymme att bedriva ett vĂ€rderingsstyrt biblioteksarbete. Med begrĂ€nsade resurser behöver prioriteringar göras och man kan Ă€ven med smĂ„ medel synliggöra och samverka pĂ„ olika sĂ€tt. Genom omvĂ€rldsbevakning och att vara i samtal med andra kan man vidga sin kunskap. De delarna tillsammans och att verka för mĂ„ngfald av mĂ€nniskor, litteratur och programverksamhet kan Ă€ndĂ„ Ă„stadkomma viss skillnad i bibliotekens arbete gentemot de nationella minoriteterna. Problem and purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how the national minorities are made visible in a Swedish public library and how the libraryÂŽs work can be understood from R. David Lankes theoretical framework The New Librarianship. According to previous studies, several of Sweden’s public libraries do not fulfill their statutory mission towards the national minorities. The mission must be realized by various actors in society, including libraries and librarians. How the assignment is carried out seems to depend on resources, but above all by the librarian’s knowledge and competence, which is likely something that affects the visibility of the target group in the libraries. This applies both at the individual level and at the institutional level. It creates an inequality in society and is problematic from several aspects, but mainly due to not complying with the legislation on democratic, human rights. Lisa Hussey (2010) argues that the way library and information science professionals provide services can reinforce positive social structures but also reinforce injustice. Method and theory: The survey is a qualitative case study of Upplands VĂ€sby library’s work towards the national minorities in Sweden. The empirical material consists of a semi structured interview with two respondants, an observation study of the library room and a text analysis of Upplands VĂ€sby municipality library plan 2021-2024. For analysis of the study’s result, selected parts of R. David Lankes theoretical framework The New Librarianship are used. Materials and results: Through studies of the semi-structured interview, the observation study and a close reading of Upplands VĂ€sby’s library plan, seven themes emerged which the result were divided into. The survey shows that the commitment, knowledge, and competence of the individual librarian play an important role in the library’s work to strengthen and promote the national minorities. It also appears that it is a political issue and a matter of resources that affect how the target group is made visible in society. The result also highlights the importance of cooperation with the minorities themselves and with other actors in society. Conclusions: At Upplands VĂ€sby’s library, a conscious and targeted work is carried out for the national minorities. It can be seen as a development of the mission and a new librarian role, which with the right skills and knowledge has room to carry out value-driven library work. With limited resources, priorities need to be set, but even with small funds you can collaborate with and make the national minorities visible in different ways. By observing the world around you and being in conversations with other, you can expand your knowledge. Those parts together and working for a diversity of people, literature and program activities can still make a certain difference in the work of the libraries for the national minorities

    Influence of Ly49 inhibitory receptors and MHC class I on T cell and NK cell function

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    Natural Killer cells (NK) can kill virus infected cells and tumor cells but do not harm normal surrounding cells. The function of Ly49 receptors on NK cells is important in maintaining selftolerance since they transmit inhibitory signals when bound to endogenous MHC class I molecules. Their role in T cells is however unclear. We showed that a Ly49A transgene expressed on all T and NK cells altered T cell development in an in vivo environment, where a ligand for Ly49A was expressed. Ly49A transgenic mice that co-expressed an NIM ligand for Ly49A, H-2Dd , developed a severe inflammatory disorder that resulted in death within the first weeks of age. These data indicated that the expression of Ly49A on T cells altered T cell selection and allowed survival of potentially self-reactive T cells. Furthermore, using Ly49A/TCRalphabeta transgenic mice, we observed a quantitative influence on cellular responses that depended upon the activating signals received through the TCR and the inhibitory signals received through Ly49A. Low activation signal resulted in T cells that were unresponsive for target cells that expressed the Ly49 ligand H-2Dd, but responded against target cells without H-2Dd. However, this inhibition could be overcome by increasing the concentration of peptide for which the T cells were specific, i.e. the activation signal. Thus, rather than behaving as simple "off' switches, our data indicated that Ly49 receptors modulate T cell signaling so that higher amounts of activating signals are required for effector-cell responses. A prediction from the "missing-self' hypothesis is that down-regulation of MHC class I on resting haematopoietic cells should be sufficient to make them susceptible to NK cell killing. We used a method enabling kinetic and quantitative assessments of NK cell-mediated rejection responses in vivo, and showed that resting haematopoietic cells from beta2-microglobulin-deficient (beta2m-/-) mice were rapidly rejected in unmanipulated C57BL/6 (B6) mice. The signaling adaptor K-ARAP/DAP12 was dispensable for rejection Of beta2m-/- cells (lacking MHC) but critical for rejection of BALB/c cells (mismatched MHC) in unmanipulated B6 recipients while pre-activated B6 mice rejected BALB/c cells in a KARAP/DAP12-independent fashion. Loss or mismatch of MHC class I in resting cells was thus sufficient to convey susceptibility to NK cell rejection. However, activation of the effector or the target enhanced rejection and shifted the balance between different signaling pathways involved. Using the same method we injected beta2m-/- and control B6 spleen cells into mice with a nonfunctional CD1d1 gene (CD1d1-/-(LVK)) and hence no NKT cells. CD1d1-/-(LVK) mice lacked the ability to reject beta2m-/- cells in vivo after 48 hours. They were also defecitive in rejection of TAP1/2-/- cells and inhibition of RMA-S tumor outgrowth, but were able to reject allogeneic cells (BALB/c) similar to B6 mice. To determine if the CD1 molecule per se was involved we tested another CD1-deficient mouse strain (CD1-/-). These mice rejected beta2m-/cells as well as B6 mice, indicating that the CD1 molecule was not important for rejection of cells lacking MHC. Thus, the CD1d1-deficient mice displayed an additional defect, unrelated to the targeted CD1d1 gene. Interestingly, rejection of targets with allogeneic MHC class I molecules remained intact. Further investigation of these mice will potentially provide an answer as to how NK cells are activated to sense "normal" cells and certain tumor cells not displaying known activating ligands. Additionally, these mice strongly displays why it is necessary to critically evaluate data from genetically altered mice. Together, these studies contribute to our understanding of how Ly49 inhibitory receptors and the MHC class I regulate T cell selection and function and NK cell activity and tolerance

    When a pop star dies : - an ethnological study on how the public grief was expressed following the news of David Bowie's passing

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    Public grief reactions is a recurrent phenomena that can seem incomprehensible to the onlooker and sometimes even to the mourners themselves. This case study on the death of David Bowie discusses what takes place when fans mourn an idol with the object to gain more insight into what these reactions are, say and do along with how these public grief reactions are connected to form, space and time. The results show that in the initial stages there is an outpouring of personal grief reactions in public spaces amplified by the intense news coverage of the event. After a couple of days a shift occurs amongst the fans where the heaviest emotions are replaced by gratitude and collectedness

    Hoppas pÄ det bÀsta och förvÀnta sig det vÀrsta : Studenters upplevelser av en underkÀnd salstentamen pÄ UmeÄ Universitet

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    Denna studie anvĂ€nder ett “coping” perspektiv för att undersöka studenters upplevelser av en underkĂ€nd salstentamen och hur de hanterat denna hĂ€ndelse. Studien Ă€r kvalitativ och baseras pĂ„ sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med programstudenter vid UmeĂ„ universitet som nĂ„gon gĂ„ng under sin studietid fĂ„tt underkĂ€nt pĂ„ en salstentamen. Hanteringen av den underkĂ€nda salstentamen presenteras som en process som sker över tid. Resultatet visade att studenternas copingprocess var bĂ„de emotionsfokuserad och problemfokuserad. Den emotionsfokuserade copingen innebar strategier i form av sociala jĂ€mförelser, sökande av stöd, normalisering och externa attributioner. Den problemfokuserade copingen kom senare i processen och handlade om interna attributioner, instĂ€llningar och lĂ€rdomar av den underkĂ€nda examinationen

    Tjock i en smal vÀrld : Sjuksköterskans pedagogiska funktion vid viktnedgÄng hos överviktiga patienter

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    Bakgrund: Av den globala befolkningen, 2005, var 1,6 miljarder vuxna överviktiga och minst 400 miljoner vuxna led av fetma. Sjuksköterskor ska ha förmĂ„gan att uppfatta och förebygga hĂ€lsorisker och motivera till förĂ€ndrad livsstil som till exempel viktminskning. Syfte: Att fĂ„ förstĂ„else för patienter med övervikt samt att belysa sjuksköterskans pedagogiska funktion vid viktnedgĂ„ng hos dessa patienter. Metod: Litteraturstudie med 18 klassificerade och vĂ€rderade vetenskapliga artiklar som analyserats och bearbetats. Resultat: Analysen gav tvĂ„ kategorier och fem subkategorier; den överviktige patientens upplevelser – beslut, försvarsmekanismer och hinder, motivation samt sjuksköterskans pedagogiska funktion – kommunikation och relation, stöd. Diskussion: Sjuksköterskan spelar en viktig roll i hanteringen av överviktiga och feta patienter och bemötandet de fĂ„r Ă€r en avgörande faktor för viktnedgĂ„ngen. Slutsats: DĂ„ övervikt och fetma utvecklats till en global epidemi finns i dag ett stort behov av att hĂ€lso- och sjukvĂ„rden arbetar förebyggande mot övervikt och fetma

    Patienters erfarenheter av att opereras i vaket tillstÄnd i regional anestesi. : En litteraturöversikt.

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    Bakgrund: Regional anestesi blir en alltmer vanlig anestesimetod. Utöver de fysiologiska fördelarna jÀmfört med generell anestesi möjliggör detta till en vaken patient som under operationens gÄng kan interagera med vÄrdpersonal samt uppleva omgivningen i operationssalen.    Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att beskriva patienters erfarenheter av att, i vaket tillstÄnd, opereras i regional anestesi.   Metod: Litteraturöversikten har genomförts genom en systematisk litteratursökning. De 12 artiklar som inkluderades till studien har analyserats med en tematisk syntes dÀr sammanstÀllningen och analysen gjorts enligt Thomas & Harden (2008).   Resultat: Att vara vaken under operation visade pÄ stora skillnader i patienternas erfarenheter. Resultatet visade pÄ att information och delaktighet mÄste individanpassas till varje patient. NÀrheten till anestesisjuksköterskan och en relation till denne var central och gav upphov till ökad trygghet.   Slutsats: Att opereras i ett vaket tillstÄnd försÀtter patienter i en utsatt situation dÀr de utelÀmnar sig i vÄrdpersonalens hÀnder. Genom att se varje unik patient som ett subjekt i stÀllet för ett objekt har positiva effekter pÄ patientens upplevelse
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