6,911 research outputs found
Scattering by nonspherical systems
Scattering by nonspherical particles with size of order of wavelength - scattering by axisymmetric penetrable particles using approximate matching of boundary condition
Dynamical and quasistatic structural relaxation paths in Pd_(40)Ni_(40)P_(20) glass
By sequential heat treatment of a Pd_(40)Ni_(40)P_(20) metallic glass at temperatures and durations for which
α-relaxation is not possible, dynamic, and quasistatic relaxation paths below the glass transition are
identified via ex situ ultrasonic measurements following each heat treatment. The dynamic
relaxation paths are associated with hopping between nonequilibrium potential energy states of the
glass, while the quasistatic relaxation path is associated with reversible β-relaxation events toward
quasiequilibrium states. These quasiequilibrium states are identified with secondary potential energy
minima that exist within the inherent energy minimum of the glass, thereby supporting the concept
of the sub-basin/metabasin organization of the potential-energy landscape
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Remembering the past and imagining the future in autism spectrum disorder
Recent research has revealed that episodic memory (remembering past experiences) and episodic future thinking (imagining future experiences) rely on the same underlying neuro-cognitive system. Consistent with this suggestion, individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been shown to experience difficulties in both domains. In the present study, 18 adults with ASD and 18 typical adults performed sentence completion tasks assessing the ability to generate past and future events. Contrary to previous research findings, results demonstrated that adults with ASD performed at an equivalent level to typical adults when generating both past and future events; generating a higher number of specific events when recalling past (relative to simulating future) events, and a higher number of semantic associates when simulating future (relative to recalling past) events. Results are discussed with respect to methodological factors affecting task performance in ASD including the social nature of the research, the need to verbalise memories to the experimenter, and whether or not the specific memory request is explicit
Atomic and Molecular Data for Optical Stellar Spectroscopy
High-precision spectroscopy of large stellar samples plays a crucial role for
several topical issues in astrophysics. Examples include studying the chemical
structure and evolution of the Milky Way galaxy, tracing the origin of chemical
elements, and characterizing planetary host stars. Data are accumulating from
instruments that obtain high-quality spectra of stars in the ultraviolet,
optical and infrared wavelength regions on a routine basis. These instruments
are located at ground-based 2- to 10-m class telescopes around the world, in
addition to the spectrographs with unique capabilities available at the Hubble
Space Telescope. The interpretation of these spectra requires high-quality
transition data for numerous species, in particular neutral and singly ionized
atoms, and di- or triatomic molecules. We rely heavily on the continuous
efforts of laboratory astrophysics groups that produce and improve the relevant
experimental and theoretical atomic and molecular data. The compilation of the
best available data is facilitated by databases and electronic infrastructures
such as the NIST Atomic Spectra Database, the VALD database, or the Virtual
Atomic and Molecular Data Centre (VAMDC). We illustrate the current status of
atomic data for optical stellar spectra with the example of the Gaia-ESO Public
Spectroscopic Survey. Data sources for 35 chemical elements were reviewed in an
effort to construct a line list for a homogeneous abundance analysis of up to
100000 stars.Comment: Published 30 April 2015 in Physica Script
Comparison of DNA methylation profiles from saliva in Coeliac disease and non-coeliac disease individuals
Coeliac disease (CD) is a autoimmune disease characterised by mucosal inflammation in the small intestine in response to dietary gluten. Genetic factors play a key role with CD individuals carrying either the HLADQ2 or HLA-DQ8 haplotype, however these haplotypes are present in half the general population making them necessary but insufficient to cause CD. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation that can change in response to environmental exposure could help to explain how interactions between genes and environmental factors combine to trigger disease development. Identifying changes in DNA methylation profiles in individuals with CD could help discover novel genomic regions involved in the onset and development of CD
Gossip on Weighted Networks
We investigate how suitable a weighted network is for gossip spreading. The
proposed model is based on the gossip spreading model introduced by Lind et.al.
on unweighted networks. Weight represents "friendship." Potential spreader
prefers not to spread if the victim of gossip is a "close friend". Gossip
spreading is related to the triangles and cascades of triangles. It gives more
insight about the structure of a network.
We analyze gossip spreading on real weighted networks of human interactions.
6 co-occurrence and 7 social pattern networks are investigated. Gossip
propagation is found to be a good parameter to distinguish co-occurrence and
social pattern networks. As a comparison some miscellaneous networks and
computer generated networks based on ER, BA, WS models are also investigated.
They are found to be quite different than the human interaction networks.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl
Determining the effects of cattle grazing treatments on Yosemite toads (Anaxyrus [=Bufo] canorus) in montane meadows.
Amphibians are experiencing a precipitous global decline, and population stability on public lands with multiple uses is a key concern for managers. In the Sierra Nevada Mountains (California, USA), managers have specifically identified livestock grazing as an activity that may negatively affect Yosemite toads due to the potential overlap of grazing with toad habitat. Grazing exclusion from Yosemite toad breeding and rearing areas and/or entire meadows have been proposed as possible management actions to alleviate the possible impact of cattle on this species. The primary objective of this study was to determine if different fencing treatments affect Yosemite toad populations. We specifically examined the effect of three fencing treatments on Yosemite toad breeding pool occupancy, tadpoles, and young of the year (YOY). Our hypothesis was that over the course of treatment implementation (2006 through 2010), Yosemite toad breeding pool occupancy and early life stage densities would increase within two fencing treatments relative to actively grazed meadows due to beneficial changes to habitat quality in the absence of grazing. Our results did not support our hypothesis, and showed no benefit to Yosemite toad presence or early life stages in fenced or partially fenced meadows compared to standard USDA Forest Service grazing levels. We found substantial Yosemite toad variation by both meadow and year. This variation was influenced by meadow wetness, with water table depth significant in both the tadpole and YOY models
Vertical InAs/GaAsSb/GaSb tunneling field-effect transistor on Si with S = 48 mV/decade and Ion = 10 μA/μm for Ioff = 1 nA/μm at VDS = 0.3 V
We present a vertical nanowire InAs/GaAsSb/GaSb TFET with a highly scaled InAs diameter (20 nm). The device exhibits a minimum subthreshold swing of 48 mV/dec. for Vds = 0.1-0.5 V and achieves an Ion = 10.6 μA/μm for Ioff = 1 nA/μm at Vds = 0.3 V. The lowest subthreshold swing achieved is 44 mV/dec. at Vds= 0.05 V. Furthermore, a benchmarking is performed against state-of-the-art TFETs and MOSFETs demonstrating a record high I60 and performance benefits for Vds between 0.1 and 0.3 V
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