How To Prevent Students

I was relaxed, comfortable, waiting a few moments more until the anesthesia wore completely off. A bit of casual conversation by the dentist might be appropriate, perhaps even expected, after the crown was seated and cemented

How To Prevent Students

I was relaxed, comfortable, waiting a few moments more until the anesthesia wore completely off. A bit of casual conversation by the dentist might be appropriate, perhaps even expected, after the crown was seated and cemented

Overview of Trigger Film Strategies

Variations in Use Production Bibliograph

Overview of Trigger Film Strategies

Variations in Use Production Bibliograph

Molecular cytogenetic characterisation of Salix viminalis L. using repetitive DNA sequences

Abstract Salix viminalis L. (2n=38) is a diploid dicot species belonging to the Salix genus of the Salicaceae family. This short-rotation woody crop is one of the most important renewable bioenergy resources worldwide. In breeding for high biomass productivity, limited knowledge is available on the molecular cytogenetics of willow, which could be combined with genetic linkage mapping. The present paper describes the adaptation of a fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) protocol as a new approach to analyse the genomic constitution of Salix viminalis using the heterologous DNA clones pSc119.2, pTa71, pTa794, pAs1, Afafamily, pAl1, HT100.3, ZCF1 and the GAA microsatellite marker. Three of the nine probes showed unambiguous signals on the metaphase chromosomes. FISH analysis with the pTa71 probe detected one major 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA locus on the short arm of one chromosome pair; however, the pTa794 rDNA site was not visible. One chromosome pair showed a distinct signal around the centromeric region after FISH with the telomere-specific DNA clone HT100.3. Two chromosome pairs were found to have pAs1 FISH signals, which represent a D-genome-specific insert from Aegilops tauschii. Based on the FISH study, a set of chromosomes with characteristic patterns is presented, which could be used to establish the karyotype of willow species

In situ hibridizáció különböző módszereinek adaptálása és továbbfejlesztése búza genetikai alapanyagok elemzésére = Adaptation and development of different methods of in situ hybridization for the analysis of wheat genetic stocks

Pályázatunk során a legfontosabb célkitűzésünk volt olyan in situ hibridizációs módszerek adaptálása és továbbfejlesztése laboratóriumunkban, amelyek alkalmasak transzgének kimutatására is, valamint a csoportunkban korábban faj- és nemzetségkeresztezéssel létrehozott közeli rokonságban lévő hibridekben és azok származékaiban az idegen fajból származó kromoszómák kimutatása. A fiber-FISH technikát sikerrel adaptáltuk a molekuláris citogenetika csoportban. A kihúzott DNS fonalakat előállítottuk izolált sejtmagokból ill. flow-sorted kromoszómákból. Megkezdtük a különböző technikákkal elkészített preparátumok és a módszer tesztelését, egymástól eltérő, fluorokrómokkal jelölt próbát használtunk, amely a transzgént különböző formában tartalmazta. Sikerrel oldottuk meg a búza-Ae. biuncialis hibridek származékaiban az Ae. biuncialis kromoszómák kimutatását genomikus in situ hibridizációval (GISH). Bevezettük a PRINS in situ hibridizációs technikát (primed in situ labeling). PCR alkalmazásával előállított GAA trinukleotid szekvenciák segítségével végeztük el az Ae. biuncialis kromoszómák azonosítását a búza genomjában. | The main aim of the project was to adapt and improve in situ hybridisation methods that were suitable for the detection of transgenes, and to detect chromosomes from alien species in closely related hybrids previously developed by the team from interspecific and intergeneric crosses, and in their progeny. The fibre-FISH technique was successfully adapted by the molecular cytogenetics team. Extended DNA fibres were produced from isolated cell nuclei or from flow-sorted chromosomes. Work has begun on the testing of the method and of preparations made using various techniques using various probes labelled with fluorochromes and containing the transgene in various forms. The Ae. biuncialis chromosomes in derivatives of wheat?Ae. biuncialis hybrids were successfully detected using genomic in situ hybridisation (GISH). The PRINS in situ hybridisation technique (primed in situ labelling) was also introduced. With the aid of GAA trinucleotide sequences developed using PCR, the Ae. biuncialis chromosomes in the wheat genome have been analyzed

Frequency of transfusion procedures in dialysis patients during the period 2010-2016 at the General Hospital Pula Dialysis Center

Cilj istraživanja: Utvrditi učestalost broja transfuzijskih postupaka kod pacijenata na dijalizi u Općoj bočnici Pula u razdoblju od 2010. do 2016. godin, uspoređujući razdoblje korištenja krat-kodjelujućeg preparata eritropoetina, koji se koristio u svim ordiniranim slučajevima do 2013. Godine, te srednje i dugodjelujućeg preparata eritropoetina, koji se koristio od 2013. do 2016. godine. Nacrt studije: Presječno istraživanje. Materijali i metode: Analizirani su dostupni podaci ispitanika koji su liječeni od kronične bubre-žne bolesti u OB Pula na Odjelu za hemodijalizu te su bili podvrgnuti terapiji eritropoetinom iz-među 2010. i 2016. godine. Promatrane nezavisne varijable jesu: spol, dob, stručna sprema i radni status, dok su korištene ove zavisne varijable: broj transfuzijskih postupaka za svaku godinu i terapija eritropoetinom po vrstama. Uzorak od 2010. do 2012. godine koristio se kao relevantan za terapiju kratkodjelujućim eritropoetinom, dok se uzorak od 2015. do 2016. godine koristio kao relevantan za terapiju srednje i dugodjelujućim eritropoetinom. Godine 2013. i 2014. smatraju se prijelaznim godinama jer su pojedini pacijenti tijekom ovoga razdoblja primali kombiniranu terapi-ju. Rezultati: Najviše pacijenata u sedmogodišnjem razdoblju promatranja imalo je između 70 i 80 godina, srednju stručnu spremu i status umirovljenika. U uzorku prevladavaju muškarci s udjelom od 57,8%. U odnosu na 2010. godinu može se primijetiti konstantan trend opadanja broja prim-ljenih transfuzija. Unatoč anomaliji koja je evidentna u 2014. godini, evidentan je trend opadanja u svim godinama promatranog razdoblja. Godine 2015. udio transfuzija po osobi za uzorak u od-nosu na broj transfuzija po osobi za ukupan broj pacijenata iznosio je 11%, dok je 2016. godine isti udio iznosio 5,9%. Zaključak: Terapija srednje i dugodjelujućim pripravkom eritropoetina kvalitetnija je opcija za hemodijalizirane bolesnike s dijagnozom kroničnog bubrežnog oboljenja, s obzirom da primjena novog srednje i dugodjelujućeg pripravka eritropoetina dovodi do smanjenja broja transfuzijskih postupaka nakon dijalize.Objective: To determine the frequency of transfusion procedures in dialysis patients at Pula Ge-neral Hospital from 2010 to 2016, by comparing the period until 2013, during which short-acting erythropoietin was used in all cases of treatment, and the period from 2013 to 2016 when medi-um- and long-acting erythropoietin were used. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: The available data on subjects with chronic kidney disease who un-derwent erythropoietin therapy between 2010 and 2016 at the Pula General Hospital Hemodi-alysis Unit were analyzed. The independent variables observed were as follows: gender, age, pro-fessional qualifications and employment status; the dependent variables: number of transfusion procedures for each year and erythropoietin therapy by type. The sample from the period betwe-en 2010 and 2012 was used as relevant for short-acting erythropoietin therapy, while the sample from 2015 to 2016 was used as relevant for medium- and long-acting erythropoietin therapy. 2013 and 2014 are considered transitional years, since during this period some patients received a combined therapy. Results: The highest number of patients in the seven-year observation period were between 70 and 80 years of age, they had secondary education and were retired. The sample is a male-dominated one, with a share of 57.8%. Compared to 2010, a constant decline in the number of transfusions can be observed. Despite the anomaly in 2014, a declining trend can be seen in all the years in the observed period. In 2015, the share of transfusions per patient for the sample compared to the share of transfusions per person for the total number of patients amounted to 11%, while in 2016 the share was 5.9%. Conclusion: The therapy with medium- and long-acting erythropoietin is a better option for he-modialyzed patients with chronic kidney disease, since the use of new medium- and long-acting erythropoietin resulted in a reduced number of transfusion procedures after dialysis

Interspecifikus kromoszóma átépülések indukálása és felhasználásuk a kromoszómák fizikai térképezésére a búzában = Induction of interspecific chromosome rearrangements and their use for the physical mapping of chromosomes in wheat

A pályázat célja idegen fajú kromoszómákat, szegmentumokat hordozó búza genotípusok előállítása volt, majd azok azonosítása fluoreszcens in situ hibridizációval (FISH) és molekuláris markerekkel. A pályázati munkában az árpából (Hordeum vulgare), egy kecskebúza (Aegilops buncialis) és egy tarackbúzafajból (Agropyron glael) történő génátvitelre koncentráltunk. Őszi búza/őszi árpa (Mv9 kr1/Igri) 2H, 3H, 4H és 1HS izokromoszómás diszómás addíciós vonalakat állítottunk elő és azonosítottunk FISH-sel illetve molekuláris markerekkel. A 4H(4D) búza(árpa) szubsztitúciós vonalból PhI szuppresszor gént hordozó búzavonallal végzett megporzással búza/árpa transzlokációkat hoztunk létre és mutattunk ki GISH-sel. Az Asakaze komugi × Manasz (búza/őszi árpa) hibrid szövettenyészetben való elszaporítása után az utódokban 3H, 5H deléciós és búza/árpa transzlokációs kromoszómákat mutattunk ki GISH-sel és térképeztünk fizikailag is molekuláris markerekkel. Besugárzással búza × Aegilops biuncialis amfiploidokban intergenomikus kromoszóma átrendeződéseket hoztunk létre és mutattunk ki multikolor GISH-sel, megkülönböztetve a búza és az Ae. biuncialis U és M genomját. A búza × Agropyron glael hibridből szövettenyészetben való elszaporítás után számos utódot állítottunk elő. Az Agropyron kromoszómák kimutatására a GISH módszer adaptálását egy búza-A. elongatum részleges amphidiploidon végeztük, amelyben intergenomikus átrendeződéseket is detektáltunk | The main objective of the present proposal was to produce wheat genotypes with alien chromosomes (segments) and to identify them with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular markers. Alien gene transfer was carried out from barley (Hordeum vulgare), from a goatgrass (Aegilops biuncialis) and from an Agropyron species (A. glael). 2H, 3H, 4H and 1HS wheat/barley (Mv9 kr1/Igri) disomic addition lines were produced and identified with FISH and using molecular markers. Wheat/barley translocation lines were produced from the 4H(4D) substitution line by pollination with a wheat line carrying the PhI suppressor gene, and they were detected by GISH. 3H, 5H deletion and wheat/barley translocation chromosomes were detected by GISH in the progeny of Asakaze komugi × Manas (winter barley) hybrids after multiplication in tissue culture. The chromosomes were physically mapped using GISH and molecular markers. Intergenomic rearrangements were induced from wheat × Aegilops biuncialis amphiploids using irradiation. The translocations were demonstrated using multicolour GISH, which differentiated the wheat genome and the U and M genomes of Ae. biuncialis. Several progenies were produced from the wheat × Agropyron glael hybrids after multiplication in tissue culture. A modification of the GISH technique, allowing Agropyron chromosomes to be detected, was carried out on a wheat×Agropyron partial amphiploid, in which intergenomic translocations were observed