DLC2 modulates angiogenic responses in vascular endothelial cells by regulating cell attachment and migration.

Deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) is a RhoGTPase activation protein-containing tumor suppressor that associates with various types of cancer. Although DLC2 shares a similar domain structure with that of DLC1, the function of DLC2 is not well characterized. Here, we describe the expression and ablation of DLC2 in mice using a reporter-knockout approach. DLC2 is expressed in several tissues and in endothelial cells (ECs) of blood vessels. Although ECs and blood vessels show no histological abnormalities and mice appear overall healthy, DLC2-mutant mice display enhanced angiogenic responses induced by matrigel and by tumor cells. Silencing of DLC2 in human ECs has reduced cell attachment, increased migration, and tube formation. These changes are rescued by silencing of RhoA, suggesting that the process is RhoA pathway dependent. These results indicate that DLC2 is not required for mouse development and normal vessel formation, but may protect mouse from unwanted angiogenesis induced by, for example, tumor cells

LSD1 is essential for oocyte meiotic progression by regulating CDC25B expression in mice

Mammalian oocytes are arrested at prophase I until puberty when hormonal signals induce the resumption of meiosis I and progression to meiosis II. Meiotic progression is controlled by CDK1 activity and is accompanied by dynamic epigenetic changes. Although the signalling pathways regulating CDK1 activity are well defined, the functional significance of epigenetic changes remains largely unknown. Here we show that LSD1, a lysine demethylase, regulates histone H3 lysine 4 di-methylation (H3K4me2) in mouse oocytes and is essential for meiotic progression. Conditional deletion of Lsd1 in growing oocytes results in precocious resumption of meiosis and spindle and chromosomal abnormalities. Consequently, most Lsd1-null oocytes fail to complete meiosis I and undergo apoptosis. Mechanistically, upregulation of CDC25B, a phosphatase that activates CDK1, is responsible for precocious meiotic resumption and also contributes to subsequent spindle and chromosomal defects. Our findings uncover a functional link between LSD1 and the major signalling pathway governing meiotic progression

Meta-interpretive learning of higher-order dyadic datalog: predicate invention revisited

Since the late 1990s predicate invention has been under-explored within inductive logic programming due to difficulties in formulating efficient search mechanisms. However, a recent paper demonstrated that both predicate invention and the learning of recursion can be efficiently implemented for regular and context-free grammars, by way of metalogical substitutions with respect to a modified Prolog meta-interpreter which acts as the learning engine. New predicate symbols are introduced as constants representing existentially quantified higher-order variables. The approach demonstrates that predicate invention can be treated as a form of higher-order logical reasoning. In this paper we generalise the approach of meta-interpretive learning (MIL) to that of learning higher-order dyadic datalog programs. We show that with an infinite signature the higher-order dyadic datalog class H2 2 has universal Turing expressivity though H2 2 is decidable given a finite signature. Additionally we show that Knuth–Bendix ordering of the hypothesis space together with logarithmic clause bounding allows our MIL implementation MetagolD to PAC-learn minimal cardinality H2 2 definitions. This result is consistent with our experiments which indicate that MetagolD efficiently learns compact H2 2 definitions involving predicate invention for learning robotic strategies, the East–West train challenge and NELL. Additionally higher-order concepts were learned in the NELL language learning domain. The Metagol code and datasets described in this paper have been made publicly available on a website to allow reproduction of results in this paper

A novel overcurrent protection method based on wide area measurement in smart grid

PowerTech is the anchor conference of the IEEE Power & Energy Society in EuropeConventional overcurrent protection settings are fixed to detect faults. Power system operation mode varies while the settings of protection devices remain constant. As a result, overcurrent protection has a small protection range and a long operating time because it is incapable of adjusting its setting online. Wide Area Measurements System (WAMS) provides synchronized and real time data which can be utilized in new protection devices. This paper proposes a novel online setting scheme which utilizes online system data to calculate real-time system operation mode. Based on the real-time operation mode, real-time fault current is calculated before fault occurring. Settings of the protection devices are by this means adjusted in real time to expand the protection area and shorten the operating time. The calculation is expanded from single source model to multi-source with Π model. In addition, interval time of settings adjustment Tchange is proposed and calculated by using hyperbolic function model. Based on this method, power system real-time operation condition can be better monitored and the real-time short circuit current can be obtained to improve protection performance. © 2013 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

Vertex-Ball Spring Smoothing: An efficient method for unstructured dynamic hybrid meshes

postprin

In vitro investigation of the hypoglycemic activity of yeasts using models of rat epididymal adipocyte and differentiated mouse 3T3-L1 adipocyte

The differentiated mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes (3T3-L1 model) were used in studying glucose metabolisms without the need for feeding (Sprague-Dawley, SD model) the rat prior to hypoglycemic activity evaluation. Both models were adopted to evaluate the hypoglycemic activities of 58 yeast strains isolated from various sources (grape, vine yard soil, winery soil). Among the 58 tested yeast isolates, strain 54 (Saccharomyces pastorianus no. 54) which showed the highest hypoglycemic activity was chosen to be the test strain. The optimal insulin concentration used in these 2 models (SD and 3T3-L1) for measuring the hypoglycemic activity of hypoglycemic yeast extract (HGYE) was 10 nM. The range of linear relation in the dose-response curve was 0-1000 g/ml for SD model, and 0-250 g/ml for 3T3-L1 model. The linear coefficient was 0.8611. The radioactive labeled 2-[1-14C]-Deoxy-D-Glucose was also used to confirm cytoplasmic glucose uptake by 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Comparing both the results of insulin effect and dose response of HGYE by both models, it was concluded that the 3T3-L1 model can serve as a rapid and reliable assay model for in vitro evaluation of hypoglycemic activity of yeast.Key words: 3T3-L1 adipocytes, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat, epididymal adipocytes, hypoglycemic activity, yeast

Molybdenum-mediated synthesis of isoxazole compounds through a nitrosyl insertion into a π-allyl ligand

[[abstract]]The syntheses of compounds of the type CpMo(CO)2[eta-3-anti-1-CH2CH(OH)R-syn-3-R'CH2-C3H3] are described; their reactions with excess nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate produce 3-(1'-R'CH2CH = CH)-5-R-isoxazole, which involves a remarkable nitrosyl insertion into the pi-allyl ligand as the key step.[[fileno]]2010327010017[[department]]化學

New flexible silicone-based EEG dry sensor material compositions exhibiting improvements in lifespan, conductivity, and reliability

© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This study investigates alternative material compositions for flexible silicone-based dry electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes to improve the performance lifespan while maintaining high-fidelity transmission of EEG signals. Electrode materials were fabricated with varying concentrations of silver-coated silica and silver flakes to evaluate their electrical, mechanical, and EEG transmission performance. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of the initial electrode development identified some weak points in the sensors’ construction, including particle pull-out and ablation of the silver coating on the silica filler. The newly-developed sensor materials achieved significant improvement in EEG measurements while maintaining the advantages of previous silicone-based electrodes, including flexibility and non-toxicity. The experimental results indicated that the proposed electrodes maintained suitable performance even after exposure to temperature fluctuations, 85% relative humidity, and enhanced corrosion conditions demonstrating improvements in the environmental stability. Fabricated flat (forehead) and acicular (hairy sites) electrodes composed of the optimum identified formulation exhibited low impedance and reliable EEG measurement; some initial human experiments demonstrate the feasibility of using these silicone-based electrodes for typical lab data collection applications