IEEE 802.20 Based Broadband Railroad Digital Network – The Infrastructure for M-Commerce on the Train

The broadband wireless access is emerging as a promising technology to meet the ever-increasing demand of M-commerce on the train. The traditional railroad communication system (RCS) is not only in charge of the traditional train scheduling, but also offers broadband WLAN services to passengers and provides the network platform to the intelligent railroad information system. This imposes a major challenge on the capability of the RCS in response to the increasing application requirements, particularly, the one for ubiquitous Internet access. To take the advantage of the rapid evolving mobile communication technology, this paper proposes an IEEE 802.20 based broadband railroad digital network, namely BRDN, for the next generation RCS. The paper further presents the scenario how BRDN operates and identifies the IP mobility as the major technical issue to be solved for BRDN. The predictability of mobile IP for the train-based applications will ease the difficulties in implementing BRDN. With the availability of IP standard for the next generation Internet - IPv6, BRDN will eventually become a reality

Eagle-YOLO : An Eagle-Inspired YOLO for Object Detection in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Scenarios

Funding Information: This research was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China OF FUNDER grant number 41471333, 61304199. This research was funded by Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology OF FUNDER grant number 2021Y4019, 2020D002, 2020L3014, 2019I0019. This research was funded by Fujian University of Technology OF FUNDER grant number KF-J21012. This research was funded by Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program OF FUNDER grant number JCYJ20220530160408019. This research was funded by Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province OF FUNDER grant number 2023A1515011915. This research was funded by the Key Research and Development Project of Hunan Province of China OF FUNDER grant number 2022GK2020. This research was funded by Hunan Natural Science Foundation of China OF FUNDER grant number 2022JJ30171. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Coarse-to-Fine Annotation Enrichment for Semantic Segmentation Learning

Rich high-quality annotated data is critical for semantic segmentation learning, yet acquiring dense and pixel-wise ground-truth is both labor- and time-consuming. Coarse annotations (e.g., scribbles, coarse polygons) offer an economical alternative, with which training phase could hardly generate satisfactory performance unfortunately. In order to generate high-quality annotated data with a low time cost for accurate segmentation, in this paper, we propose a novel annotation enrichment strategy, which expands existing coarse annotations of training data to a finer scale. Extensive experiments on the Cityscapes and PASCAL VOC 2012 benchmarks have shown that the neural networks trained with the enriched annotations from our framework yield a significant improvement over that trained with the original coarse labels. It is highly competitive to the performance obtained by using human annotated dense annotations. The proposed method also outperforms among other state-of-the-art weakly-supervised segmentation methods.Comment: CIKM 2018 International Conference on Information and Knowledge Managemen

Profound Climatic Effects on Two East Asian Black-Throated Tits (Ave: Aegithalidae), Revealed by Ecological Niche Models and Phylogeographic Analysis

Although a number of studies have assessed the effects of geological and climatic changes on species distributions in East Asian, we still have limited knowledge of how these changes have impacted avian species in south-western and southern China. Here, we aim to study paleo-climatic effects on an East Asian bird, two subspecies of black-throated tit (A. c. talifuensis–concinnus) with the combined analysis of phylogeography and Ecological Niche Models (ENMs). We sequenced three mitochondrial DNA markers from 32 populations (203 individuals) and used phylogenetic inferences to reconstruct the intra-specific relationships among haplotypes. Population genetic analyses were undertaken to gain insight into the demographic history of these populations. We used ENMs to predict the distribution of target species during three periods; last inter-glacial (LIG), last glacial maximum (LGM) and present. We found three highly supported, monophyletic MtDNA lineages and different historical demography among lineages in A. c. talifuensis–concinnus. These lineages formed a narrowly circumscribed intra-specific contact zone. The estimated times of lineage divergences were about 2.4 Ma and 0.32 Ma respectively. ENMs predictions were similar between present and LGM but substantially reduced during LIG. ENMs reconstructions and molecular dating suggest that Pleistocene climate changes had triggered and shaped the genetic structure of black-throated tit. Interestingly, in contrast to profound impacts of other glacial cycles, ENMs and phylogeographic analysis suggest that LGM had limited effect on these two subspecies. ENMs also suggest that Pleistocene climatic oscillations enabled the formation of the contact zone and thus support the refuge theory

Hypothalamic CaMKK2 Contributes to the Regulation of Energy Balance

SummaryDetailed knowledge of the pathways by which ghrelin and leptin signal to AMPK in hypothalamic neurons and lead to regulation of appetite and glucose homeostasis is central to the development of effective means to combat obesity. Here we identify CaMKK2 as a component of one of these pathways, show that it regulates hypothalamic production of the orexigenic hormone NPY, provide evidence that it functions as an AMPKα kinase in the hypothalamus, and demonstrate that it forms a unique signaling complex with AMPKα and β. Acute pharmacologic inhibition of CaMKK2 in wild-type mice, but not CaMKK2 null mice, inhibits appetite and promotes weight loss consistent with decreased NPY and AgRP mRNAs. Moreover, the loss of CaMKK2 protects mice from high-fat diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. These data underscore the potential of targeting CaMKK2 as a therapeutic intervention

Costimulatory molecule-deficient dendritic cell progenitors (MHC class II⁺, CD80(dim), CD86^-) prolong cardiac allograft survival in nonimmunosuppressed recipients

We have shown previously that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-stimulated mouse bone marrow-derived MHC class II+ dendritic cell (DC) progenitors that are deficient in cell surface expression of the costimulatory molecules B7-1 (CD8O) and B7-2 (CD86) can induce alloantigen- specific T-cell anergy in vitro. To test the in vivo relevance of these findings, 2 x 106 B10 (H2(b)) mouse bone marrow-derived DC progenitors (NLDC 145+, MHC class II+, B7-1(dim), B7-2(-/dim)) that induced T-cell hyporesponsiveness in vitro were injected systemically into normal C3H (H2(k)) recipients. Seven days later, the mice received heterotopic heart transplants from B10 donors. No immunosuppressive treatment was given. Median graft survival time was prolonged significantly from 9.5 to 22 days. Median graft survival time was also increased, although to a lesser extent (16.5 days), in mice that received third-party (BALB/c; H2(d)) DC progenitors. Ex vivo analysis of host T-cell responses to donor and third-party alloantigens 7 days after the injection of DC progenitors (the time of heart transplant) revealed minimal anti-donor mixed leukocyte reaction and cytotoxic T lymphocyte reactivity. These responses were reduced substantially compared with those of spleen cells from animals pretreated with 'mature' granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor + interleukin-4-stimulated DC (MHC class II(bright), B7-1+, B7-2(bright)), many of which rejected their heart grafts in an accelerated fashion. Among the injected donor MHC class II+ DC progenitors that migrated to recipient secondary lymphoid tissue were cells that appeared to have up-regulated cell surface B7-1 and B7-2 molecule expression. This observation may explain, at least in part, the temporary or unstable nature of the hyporesponsiveness induced by the DC progenitors in nonimmunosuppressed recipients

Tourism, Transportation and Low-Carbon City System Coupling Coordination Degree: A Case Study in Chongqing Municipality, China

Tourism and transportation have extremely complex interactions. Tourism developments have expanded demand and stimulated transportation development, which has consequently affected the environment of cities striving towards low-carbon sustainable development. Therefore, there has been an increased research focus on the coordinated binary development of the tourism and transportation industries to ensure sustainable low-carbon cities. To this end also this paper first developed a comprehensive evaluation index system with three subsystems, seven aspects, and 31 indicators. Then, entropy weight and gray correlation were combined to determine the index weights and a physics coupling concept employed to build a tourism, transportation and low-carbon city (TTLC) coupling coordination degree model, which was then applied to quantitatively analyze the coupling and evolutionary trends in Chongqing’s TTLC efforts from 2008 to 2017. It was found that the overall coupling coordination was volatile and rising, and that industry scale, industry performance, and energy consumption had the most significant impact on the coupled systems, indicating that these key factors must be considered in macro decision-making. In general, it was shown that the combination of the coupling coordination degree model and entropy weight gray correlation was able to effectively evaluate dynamic coupling relationships