The Cingulata (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the “Conglomerado Osífero” (late miocene) of the Ituzaingó Formation of Entre Ríos province, Argentina

Los Cingulata del Conglomerado osífero (Mioceno tardío) de la Formación Ituzaingó comprenden tres familias: Dasypodidae, Pampatheriidae y Glyptodontidae (más una mención de Peltephilidae por Ameghino en 1906). La mayor parte de las especies fueron dadas a conocer por Ameghino entre 1883 y 1886. Dado el carácter alóctono de los restos paleontológicos del Conglomerado osífero, no es frecuente el material articulado, excepto para los cráneos y porciones de corazas. Adicionalmente, casi todos los tipos de las especies reconocidas por Ameghino están extraviados; solamente restan calcotipos (aproximadamente de la mitad de las especies de Glyptodontidae). La presente revisión tiene un carácter en gran medida provisional, pues hacen falta restos más completos, como así también testear con mayor intensidad la validez de algunas de las categorías supragenéricas e infrafamiliares de estos Cingulata. Hasta ahora, y asumiendo las citadas incertidumbres, reconocemos un total de cinco géneros y especies de Dasypodidae, dos de Pampatheriidae y trece de Glyptodontidae. En el Conglomerado osífero, a cada género de Cingulata corresponde, por ahora, una sola especie. Todos los Cingulata del Conglomerado osífero han sido aproximadamente coevos, pero no ocuparon necesariamente los mismos ambientes. Asumiendo el modelo de los bosques en galería de uno (o varios) cursos lóticos, los Cingulata de menor tamaño podrían haber vivido en los mismos bosques, en tanto que los de mayor tamaño podrían haberlo hecho en sabanas que se habrían extendido hacia el exterior de las galerías.The Cingulata from the “Conglomerado osífero” (late Miocene) of the Ituzaingó Formation include three families: Dasypodidae, Pampatheriidae, and Glyptodontidae (plus a Peltephilidae mentioned by Ameghino in 1906). Most of the species were recognized and described by Ameghino between 1883 and 1886. Most of the paleontological specimens are allochthonous and articulated-findings specimens are exceptional, except for skulls and partial dorsal carapaces. In addition, several types of the species recognized by Ameghino are lost and there are only a few calcotypes (approximately 50% of the species of Glyptodontidae). Thus, this taxonomic update is in part, preliminar, and more complete specimens are necessary to test the validity of the recognized taxa. In this context, we recognized five species of Dasypodidae, two of Pampatheriidae and thirteen of Glyptodontidae. In the “Conglomerado osífero”, each genus of Cingulata has only one species. All the Cingulata of the “Conglomerado osífero” were approximately contemporary although not necessarily occupying the same environments. Assuming a model of “gallery forest” of one (or more) lotic courses, the smaller Cingulata could have used the forests, whereas the larger ones could have occupied the savannas stretching outwards from the “galleries”.Fil: Scillato, Gustavo Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Departamento Científico de Paleontología de Vertebrados; ArgentinaFil: Gois Lima, Flavio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; ArgentinaFil: Zurita, Alfredo Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Centro de Ecologia Aplicada del Litoral (i); ArgentinaFil: Carlini, Alfredo Armando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Departamento Científico de Paleontología de Vertebrados; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez Ruiz, Laureano Raul. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Centro de Ecologia Aplicada del Litoral (i); ArgentinaFil: Krmpotic, Cecilia Mariana. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Oliva, Cristian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Museo Municipal de Ciencias Naturales Carlos Darwin; ArgentinaFil: Zamorano, Martín. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Departamento Científico de Paleontología de Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Los Peltephilidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra) de la Formación Collón Curá (Colloncurense, Mioceno medio), Argentina

The Peltephilidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the Collón Curá Formation (Colloncuran, Middle Miocene), Argentina. The Peltephilidae (early Eocene-late Miocene) are a group of extinct armadillos exclusive from South America, known for having horn-like osteoderms on the nasals and maxillaries. This paper discusses a nomenclatorial proposal for anatomical description of these cingulate osteoderms and describes for the fi rst time specimens of Peltephilidae (Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Collón Curá Formation (Colloncuran, middle Miocene) of Patagonia (Argentina). The major change in the nomenclature of the osteoderms in Peltephilidae here proposed is to replace the term “central or main fi gure” by “central longitudinal elevation”. Finally, by analogy with the living species of Dasypodidae and the extinct Pampatheriidae, some considerations are presented about the relationships between the osteoderm and the overlying epidermal scale in Peltephilidae. The new specimens are assigned to Peltephilidae gen. et sp. indet., Peltephilus pumilus Ameghino and P. nanus Ameghino. The latter two species represent their youngest record and indicate a closer taxonomic affi nity of the Colloncuran age with the previous Santacrucian, instead of the subsequent Laventan and MayoanOs Peltephilidae (Eoceno inferior-Mioceno superior) são um grupo de cingulados extintos exclusivos da América do Sul, conhecidos por apresentar alguns osteodermos cefálicos diferenciados num par de cornos pré-orbitários. Neste trabalho se discute uma proposta nomenclatural para a descrição anatômica dos osteodermos desses cingulados e se descrevem pela primeira vez restos de Peltephilidae (Xenarthra, Cingulata) para a Formação Collón Curá (Colloncurense, Miocen o médio) da Patagônia (Argentina). A principal mudança na nomenclatura dos osteodermos dos Peltephilidae aqui proposta, é a substituição do termo “figura central ou principal” por “elevação central longitudinal”. Finalmente, por analogia com as espécies de Dasypodidae atuais e Pampatheriidae são apresentadas algumas considerações sobre a relação entre o osteodermo e a escama epidérmica sobrejacente nos Peltephilidae. Os novos espécimens são atribuídos a Peltephilidae gen. et sp. indet., Peltephilus pumilus Ameghino e P. nanus Ameghino. Os últimos dois registros são os mais recentes para ambas espécies e indicam uma maior afi nidade taxonômica da idade Colloncurense à precedente Santacruzense, do que com as posteriores Laventense e Maioense.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y MuseoConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnica

Los Peltephilidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra) de la Formación Collón Curá (Colloncurense, Mioceno medio), Argentina

The Peltephilidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the Collón Curá Formation (Colloncuran, Middle Miocene), Argentina. The Peltephilidae (early Eocene-late Miocene) are a group of extinct armadillos exclusive from South America, known for having horn-like osteoderms on the nasals and maxillaries. This paper discusses a nomenclatorial proposal for anatomical description of these cingulate osteoderms and describes for the fi rst time specimens of Peltephilidae (Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Collón Curá Formation (Colloncuran, middle Miocene) of Patagonia (Argentina). The major change in the nomenclature of the osteoderms in Peltephilidae here proposed is to replace the term “central or main fi gure” by “central longitudinal elevation”. Finally, by analogy with the living species of Dasypodidae and the extinct Pampatheriidae, some considerations are presented about the relationships between the osteoderm and the overlying epidermal scale in Peltephilidae. The new specimens are assigned to Peltephilidae gen. et sp. indet., Peltephilus pumilus Ameghino and P. nanus Ameghino. The latter two species represent their youngest record and indicate a closer taxonomic affi nity of the Colloncuran age with the previous Santacrucian, instead of the subsequent Laventan and MayoanOs Peltephilidae (Eoceno inferior-Mioceno superior) são um grupo de cingulados extintos exclusivos da América do Sul, conhecidos por apresentar alguns osteodermos cefálicos diferenciados num par de cornos pré-orbitários. Neste trabalho se discute uma proposta nomenclatural para a descrição anatômica dos osteodermos desses cingulados e se descrevem pela primeira vez restos de Peltephilidae (Xenarthra, Cingulata) para a Formação Collón Curá (Colloncurense, Miocen o médio) da Patagônia (Argentina). A principal mudança na nomenclatura dos osteodermos dos Peltephilidae aqui proposta, é a substituição do termo “figura central ou principal” por “elevação central longitudinal”. Finalmente, por analogia com as espécies de Dasypodidae atuais e Pampatheriidae são apresentadas algumas considerações sobre a relação entre o osteodermo e a escama epidérmica sobrejacente nos Peltephilidae. Os novos espécimens são atribuídos a Peltephilidae gen. et sp. indet., Peltephilus pumilus Ameghino e P. nanus Ameghino. Os últimos dois registros são os mais recentes para ambas espécies e indicam uma maior afi nidade taxonômica da idade Colloncurense à precedente Santacruzense, do que com as posteriores Laventense e Maioense.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y MuseoConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnica

Los Peltephilidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra) de la Formación Collón Curá (Colloncurense, Mioceno medio), Argentina

The Peltephilidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the Collón Curá Formation (Colloncuran, Middle Miocene), Argentina. The Peltephilidae (early Eocene-late Miocene) are a group of extinct armadillos exclusive from South America, known for having horn-like osteoderms on the nasals and maxillaries. This paper discusses a nomenclatorial proposal for anatomical description of these cingulate osteoderms and describes for the fi rst time specimens of Peltephilidae (Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Collón Curá Formation (Colloncuran, middle Miocene) of Patagonia (Argentina). The major change in the nomenclature of the osteoderms in Peltephilidae here proposed is to replace the term “central or main fi gure” by “central longitudinal elevation”. Finally, by analogy with the living species of Dasypodidae and the extinct Pampatheriidae, some considerations are presented about the relationships between the osteoderm and the overlying epidermal scale in Peltephilidae. The new specimens are assigned to Peltephilidae gen. et sp. indet., Peltephilus pumilus Ameghino and P. nanus Ameghino. The latter two species represent their youngest record and indicate a closer taxonomic affi nity of the Colloncuran age with the previous Santacrucian, instead of the subsequent Laventan and MayoanOs Peltephilidae (Eoceno inferior-Mioceno superior) são um grupo de cingulados extintos exclusivos da América do Sul, conhecidos por apresentar alguns osteodermos cefálicos diferenciados num par de cornos pré-orbitários. Neste trabalho se discute uma proposta nomenclatural para a descrição anatômica dos osteodermos desses cingulados e se descrevem pela primeira vez restos de Peltephilidae (Xenarthra, Cingulata) para a Formação Collón Curá (Colloncurense, Miocen o médio) da Patagônia (Argentina). A principal mudança na nomenclatura dos osteodermos dos Peltephilidae aqui proposta, é a substituição do termo “figura central ou principal” por “elevação central longitudinal”. Finalmente, por analogia com as espécies de Dasypodidae atuais e Pampatheriidae são apresentadas algumas considerações sobre a relação entre o osteodermo e a escama epidérmica sobrejacente nos Peltephilidae. Os novos espécimens são atribuídos a Peltephilidae gen. et sp. indet., Peltephilus pumilus Ameghino e P. nanus Ameghino. Os últimos dois registros são os mais recentes para ambas espécies e indicam uma maior afi nidade taxonômica da idade Colloncurense à precedente Santacruzense, do que com as posteriores Laventense e Maioense.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y MuseoConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnica

Psychological distress among Brazilian workers during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive study

BackgroundCOVID-19 pandemic imposed drastic and abrupt changes to working environment and organization and that might have caused additional negative effects on mental health. Thus, this study aimed to quantify and assess the severity of psychological distress experienced by Brazilian essential and nonessential workers during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis descriptive study included 2,903 participants who answered an online questionnaire between April and May 2020. The research questionnaire was translated and culturally adapted to the Brazilian population from a questionnaire developed and validated for the Spanish population. Variables were analyzed using simple and cumulative percentage distributions and measures of central tendency and dispersion. The Wilson score interval was used to calculate confidence interval (CI) for the main outcome, psychological distress.ResultsIt was observed a high prevalence (72.6%) of psychological distress among the study’s participants. They also presented a median risk perception score of 60 (out of a maximum of 90), and their greatest concern was transmitting the virus to family members, close contacts or patients. Furthermore, it was found a lower sense of coherence and work engagement among the participants than those observed in previous studies conducted in other countries.ConclusionAlmost three quarters of the study’s participants were classified as presenting psychological distress. Thus, it is imperative to provide mental health remotely delivered interventions to workers during public health events that require prolonged social distancing measures

Performance evaluation of NiCo2O4 spinel as a catalyst for partial oxidation of methane

The NiCo2O4 catalyst with spinel structure was prepared by a modified polymeric-precursor method usinggelatin as an organic-directing agent. The obtained powder was characterized by XRD, TPR and tested on thepartial oxidation of methane. The Rietveld analysis performed on the XRD pattern confirmed the crystallizationof two phases, the spinel NiCo2O4, and a solid solution NixCo1-xO. TPR profile revealed that both phasesare entirely reduced up to 610 °C. The catalyst showed CH4 conversion of 75 % with H2/CO ratio around 2and no signal of deactivation by coke formation, such as confirmed by XRD and TG analysis carried out afterthe catalytic test.Keywords: NiCo2O4, gelatin, partial oxidation of methane

The Cingulata (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the “Conglomerado Osífero” (late miocene) of the Ituzaingó Formation of Entre Ríos province, Argentina

Los Cingulata del Conglomerado osífero (Mioceno tardío) de la Formación Ituzaingó comprenden tres familias: Dasypodidae, Pampatheriidae y Glyptodontidae (más una mención de Peltephilidae por Ameghino en 1906). La mayor parte de las especies fueron dadas a conocer por Ameghino entre 1883 y 1886. Dado el carácter alóctono de los restos paleontológicos del Conglomerado osífero, no es frecuente el material articulado, excepto para los cráneos y porciones de corazas. Adicionalmente, casi todos los tipos de las especies reconocidas por Ameghino están extraviados; solamente restan calcotipos (aproximadamente de la mitad de las especies de Glyptodontidae). La presente revisión tiene un carácter en gran medida provisional, pues hacen falta restos más completos, como así también testear con mayor intensidad la validez de algunas de las categorías supragenéricas e infrafamiliares de estos Cingulata. Hasta ahora, y asumiendo las citadas incertidumbres, reconocemos un total de cinco géneros y especies de Dasypodidae, dos de Pampatheriidae y trece de Glyptodontidae. En el Conglomerado osífero, a cada género de Cingulata corresponde, por ahora, una sola especie. Todos los Cingulata del Conglomerado osífero han sido aproximadamente coevos, pero no ocuparon necesariamente los mismos ambientes. Asumiendo el modelo de los bosques en galería de uno (o varios) cursos lóticos, los Cingulata de menor tamaño podrían haber vivido en los mismos bosques, en tanto que los de mayor tamaño podrían haberlo hecho en sabanas que se habrían extendido hacia el exterior de las galerías.The Cingulata from the “Conglomerado osífero” (late Miocene) of the Ituzaingó Formation include three families: Dasypodidae, Pampatheriidae, and Glyptodontidae (plus a Peltephilidae mentioned by Ameghino in 1906). Most of the species were recognized and described by Ameghino between 1883 and 1886. Most of the paleontological specimens are allochthonous and articulated-findings specimens are exceptional, except for skulls and partial dorsal carapaces. In addition, several types of the species recognized by Ameghino are lost and there are only a few calcotypes (approximately 50% of the species of Glyptodontidae). Thus, this taxonomic update is in part, preliminar, and more complete specimens are necessary to test the validity of the recognized taxa. In this context, we recognized five species of Dasypodidae, two of Pampatheriidae and thirteen of Glyptodontidae. In the “Conglomerado osífero”, each genus of Cingulata has only one species. All the Cingulata of the “Conglomerado osífero” were approximately contemporary although not necessarily occupying the same environments. Assuming a model of “gallery forest” of one (or more) lotic courses, the smaller Cingulata could have used the forests, whereas the larger ones could have occupied the savannas stretching outwards from the “galleries”.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y MuseoConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnica

The Cingulata (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the “Conglomerado Osífero” (late miocene) of the Ituzaingó Formation of Entre Ríos province, Argentina

Los Cingulata del Conglomerado osífero (Mioceno tardío) de la Formación Ituzaingó comprenden tres familias: Dasypodidae, Pampatheriidae y Glyptodontidae (más una mención de Peltephilidae por Ameghino en 1906). La mayor parte de las especies fueron dadas a conocer por Ameghino entre 1883 y 1886. Dado el carácter alóctono de los restos paleontológicos del Conglomerado osífero, no es frecuente el material articulado, excepto para los cráneos y porciones de corazas. Adicionalmente, casi todos los tipos de las especies reconocidas por Ameghino están extraviados; solamente restan calcotipos (aproximadamente de la mitad de las especies de Glyptodontidae). La presente revisión tiene un carácter en gran medida provisional, pues hacen falta restos más completos, como así también testear con mayor intensidad la validez de algunas de las categorías supragenéricas e infrafamiliares de estos Cingulata. Hasta ahora, y asumiendo las citadas incertidumbres, reconocemos un total de cinco géneros y especies de Dasypodidae, dos de Pampatheriidae y trece de Glyptodontidae. En el Conglomerado osífero, a cada género de Cingulata corresponde, por ahora, una sola especie. Todos los Cingulata del Conglomerado osífero han sido aproximadamente coevos, pero no ocuparon necesariamente los mismos ambientes. Asumiendo el modelo de los bosques en galería de uno (o varios) cursos lóticos, los Cingulata de menor tamaño podrían haber vivido en los mismos bosques, en tanto que los de mayor tamaño podrían haberlo hecho en sabanas que se habrían extendido hacia el exterior de las galerías.The Cingulata from the “Conglomerado osífero” (late Miocene) of the Ituzaingó Formation include three families: Dasypodidae, Pampatheriidae, and Glyptodontidae (plus a Peltephilidae mentioned by Ameghino in 1906). Most of the species were recognized and described by Ameghino between 1883 and 1886. Most of the paleontological specimens are allochthonous and articulated-findings specimens are exceptional, except for skulls and partial dorsal carapaces. In addition, several types of the species recognized by Ameghino are lost and there are only a few calcotypes (approximately 50% of the species of Glyptodontidae). Thus, this taxonomic update is in part, preliminar, and more complete specimens are necessary to test the validity of the recognized taxa. In this context, we recognized five species of Dasypodidae, two of Pampatheriidae and thirteen of Glyptodontidae. In the “Conglomerado osífero”, each genus of Cingulata has only one species. All the Cingulata of the “Conglomerado osífero” were approximately contemporary although not necessarily occupying the same environments. Assuming a model of “gallery forest” of one (or more) lotic courses, the smaller Cingulata could have used the forests, whereas the larger ones could have occupied the savannas stretching outwards from the “galleries”.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y MuseoConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnica