A literatura no material did?tico de LP como l2 para surdos nos eixos leitura e escrita

Este documento apresenta uma an?lise sobre A literatura surda no material did?tico de LP como L2 para surdos, a import?ncia da Lingu?sta Aplicada para o ensino l?ngua surda, a qual foi fundamental para que a cultura surda fosse reconhecida e valorizada. Os avan?os e conquistas da comunidade surda ap?s o reconhecimento da l?ngua de sinais. O trabalho est? embasado pelos te?ricos: Hall (1997), Peixoto (2018), Hairston & Smith (1983), Lopes (2006), Peixoto e Vieira (2018), Lima & Peixoto (2018), Strobel (2008) e a Lei N? 10.436/2002 e o Decreto-Lei 5.626/2005, que contribuem para a tem?tica em estudo. Assim, almejamos enriquecer as reflex?es sobre os avan?os e conquistas dos surdos no decorrer dos tempos enfocando temas como: a literatura surda, material did?tico de LP como L2, avan?os e direitos da comunidade surda. O referido trabalho tem o intuito de realizar uma an?lise de como a literatura est? sendo inserida no material did?tico de LP como L2 para surdos, nos eixos de ensino leitura e escrita. Propomo-nos a identificar pesquisas que tratam da literatura no ensino de LP como L2 para surdos e descrever como essas pesquisas apontam para o ensino de literatura no processo ensino-aprendizagem da L?ngua Portuguesa voltado para as pessoas surdas

A Lewis Base Catalysis Approach for the Photoredox Activation of Boronic Acids and Esters

We report herein the use of a dual catalytic system comprising of a Lewis base catalyst such as quinuclidin-3-ol or 4- dimethylaminopyridine combined with a photoredox catalyst to generate carbon radicals from either boronic acids or esters. This system enabled a wide range of alkyl boronic esters and aryl or alkyl boronic acids to react via radical addition with electron-deficient olefins to efficiently form C–C coupled products in a redox neutral fashion. The Lewis base catalyst was shown to form a redox-active complex with either boronic esters or the trimeric form of the boronic acids (boroxines) in solution.We are grateful to Novartis Pharma AG (F.L.), the Erasmus Scholarship Scheme (L.G. and S.J.), and the EPSRC (S.V.L., Grants EP/K009494/1, EP/K039520/1, and EP/M004120/1) for financial support. U.K.S. and D.S. are thankful to the University of Leuven for postdoctoral funding and the FWO for a visiting postdoctoral scholarship (U.K.S.) at the University of Cambridge. E.V.V.d.E. would like to thank the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for financial support (agreement number 02.a03.0008). We thank Dr. Berthold Schenkel and Dr. Gottfried Sedelmeier for insightful discussions. We thank Merck Rahway USA for the generous gift of the PC(1) photoredox catalyst

Transcriptome analysis of the oil-rich seed of the bioenergy crop Jatropha curcas L

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To date, oil-rich plants are the main source of biodiesel products. Because concerns have been voiced about the impact of oil-crop cultivation on the price of food commodities, the interest in oil plants not used for food production and amenable to cultivation on non-agricultural land has soared. As a non-food, drought-resistant and oil-rich crop, <it>Jatropha curcas </it>L. fulfils many of the requirements for biofuel production.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We have generated 13,249 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from developing and germinating <it>Jatropha </it>seeds. This strategy allowed us to detect most known genes related to lipid synthesis and degradation. We have also identified ESTs coding for proteins that may be involved in the toxicity of <it>Jatropha </it>seeds. Another unexpected finding is the high number of ESTs containing transposable element-related sequences in the developing seed library (800) when contrasted with those found in the germinating seed library (80).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The sequences generated in this work represent a considerable increase in the number of sequences deposited in public databases. These results can be used to produce genetically improved varieties of <it>Jatropha </it>with increased oil yields, different oil compositions and better agronomic characteristics.</p

Ectopic opening of the common bile duct and duodenal stenosis: an overlooked association

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Ectopic opening of the common bile duct into the duodenal bulb (EO-CBD-DB) is a rare disease that may be complicated by duodenal ulcer, deformity, stenosis and biliary stones. The aim of this study is to report clinical presentations, endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of this entity as well as to investigate its association with duodenal stenosis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Gastroduodenoscopic findings and radiological imaging were evaluated for ectopic papilla and duodenal stenosis. Diagnostic methods, endoscopic procedures and long-term outcomes of the endoscopic treatment were presented.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>EO-CBD-DB was found in 74 (77.1%) of the 96 patients with duodenal deformity/stenosis (79 male, 17 female, mean age: 58.5, range: 30-87 years). The papilla with normal appearance was retracted to the bulb in 11 while it was at its usual location in the remaining 11. The history of biliodigestive surgery was more common in patients with EO-CBD-DB who were frequently presented with the common bile duct stone-related symptoms than the other patients. Thirteen (17.6%) of the patients with EO-CBD-DB were referred to surgery. Endoscopic treatment was completed in 60 (81.1%) patients after an average of 1.7 (range: 1-6) procedures. These patients were on follow-up for 24.8 (range: 2-46) months. Endoscopic intervention was required in 12 (20%) of them because of recurrent biliary problems. Treatment of the patient who had stricture due to biliary injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is still continued.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The presence of EO-CBD-DB should be considered particularly in middle-aged male patients who have duodenal deformity/stenosis. Endoscopic treatment is feasible in these patients. The long-term outcomes of endoscopic therapy need to be compared with surgical treatment.</p

Properties of Graphene: A Theoretical Perspective

In this review, we provide an in-depth description of the physics of monolayer and bilayer graphene from a theorist's perspective. We discuss the physical properties of graphene in an external magnetic field, reflecting the chiral nature of the quasiparticles near the Dirac point with a Landau level at zero energy. We address the unique integer quantum Hall effects, the role of electron correlations, and the recent observation of the fractional quantum Hall effect in the monolayer graphene. The quantum Hall effect in bilayer graphene is fundamentally different from that of a monolayer, reflecting the unique band structure of this system. The theory of transport in the absence of an external magnetic field is discussed in detail, along with the role of disorder studied in various theoretical models. We highlight the differences and similarities between monolayer and bilayer graphene, and focus on thermodynamic properties such as the compressibility, the plasmon spectra, the weak localization correction, quantum Hall effect, and optical properties. Confinement of electrons in graphene is nontrivial due to Klein tunneling. We review various theoretical and experimental studies of quantum confined structures made from graphene. The band structure of graphene nanoribbons and the role of the sublattice symmetry, edge geometry and the size of the nanoribbon on the electronic and magnetic properties are very active areas of research, and a detailed review of these topics is presented. Also, the effects of substrate interactions, adsorbed atoms, lattice defects and doping on the band structure of finite-sized graphene systems are discussed. We also include a brief description of graphane -- gapped material obtained from graphene by attaching hydrogen atoms to each carbon atom in the lattice.Comment: 189 pages. submitted in Advances in Physic

Parkinsonian phenotype in Machado-Joseph disease (MJD/SCA3): a two-case report

Background: Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), or spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder of late onset, which is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the coding region of the ATXN3 gene. This disease presents clinical heterogeneity, which cannot be completely explained by the size of the repeat tract. MJD presents extrapyramidal motor signs, namely Parkinsonism, more frequently than the other subtypes of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias. Although Parkinsonism seems to segregate within MJD families, only a few MJD patients develop parkinsonian features and, therefore, the clinical and genetic aspects of these rare presentations remain poorly investigated. The main goal of this work was to describe two MJD patients displaying the parkinsonian triad (tremor, bradykinesia and rigidity), namely on what concerns genetic variation in Parkinson's disease (PD) associated loci (PARK2, LRRK2, PINK1, DJ-1, SNCA, MAPT, APOE, and mtDNA tRNAGln T4336C). Case presentation: Patient 1 is a 40 year-old female (onset at 30 years of age), initially with a pure parkinsonian phenotype (similar to the phenotype previously reported for her mother). Patient 2 is a 38 year-old male (onset at 33 years of age), presenting an ataxic phenotype with parkinsonian features (not seen either in other affected siblings or in his father). Both patients presented an expanded ATXN3 allele with 72 CAG repeats. No PD mutations were found in the analyzed loci. However, allelic variants previously associated with PD were observed in DJ-1 and APOE genes, for both patients. Conclusions: The present report adds clinical and genetic information on this particular and rare MJD presentation, and raises the hypothesis that DJ-1 and APOE polymorphisms may confer susceptibility to the parkinsonian phenotype in MJD