Boosting visible light conversion in the confined pore space of nanoporous carbons

We showed the effect of commensurate confinement in the pores of nanoporous carbons in the conversion of visible light into a chemical reaction. By using a series of nanoporous carbons with a controlled distribution of pore sizes obtained from a gradual activation under moderate conditions, we have demonstrated the superior conversion of light in the constrained pore space of the carbons compared to values in solution. Besides a more efficient conversion of light, nanopore confinement resulted in a 100–200 nm redshift in the wavelength onset of the photochemical reaction. The visible light activity was boosted in pores which sizes match the dimensions of the confined compound. We attribute this to the enhanced splitting and charge separation of the photogenerated species in the nanopores, due to the proximity of the charge carriers and the adsorbed molecules.COA thanks the financial support of MINECO (CTM2014-56770-R). AGB thanks MINECO for her PhD fellowship (BES-2012-060410)

Clinical outcome of renal transplant patients after coronary stenting

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical outcome of renal transplant patients who developed coronary artery disease and were treated with coronary stenting (TCA-ST). METHODS: A total of 3,334 renal transplants were performed in our service - Hospital do Rim e Hipertensão - HRH (Kidney and Hypertension Hospital) from July, 1998 to November, 2004. During this period, 33 of the renal transplant patients underwent TCA-ST to treat 62 severe stenoses in 54 coronary arteries. A retrospective analysis was performed with renal transplant patients undergoing TCA-ST at HRH. The clinical events were registered using medical charts, medical visits and phone calls. RESULTS: During the 30-month clinical follow-up after TCA-ST, 67% of the patients remained asymptomatic, 18% presented stable angina, 6% presented acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation (ACSWSTE), and 3% presented acute coronary syndrome with ST-segment elevation (ACSSTE). No strokes, CHF or cardiac deaths were observed. Three non-cardiac deaths occurred. A restenosis rate of 9% was observed, which is comparable to those found in studies on drug-eluting stents. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, renal transplant patients who developed CAD and were treated with coronary stenting had a low rate of in-stent restenosis, probably related to the immunosuppressive regimen given to prevent kidney rejection.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a evolução clínica de pacientes submetidos a transplante de rim, portadores de doença arterial coronariana, que foram tratados com implante de stent coronariano (ATC-ST). MÉTODOS: Entre julho de 1998 e novembro de 2004, foram realizados, no total, 3.334 transplantes de rim em nossa Instituição (Hospital do Rim e Hipertensão). Desse total, 33 pacientes previamente submetidos a transplante de rim fizeram ATC-ST para o tratamento de 62 estenoses graves em 54 artérias coronárias, nos quais foi realizada análise retrospectiva. O registro dos eventos clínicos foi feito por meio de análise do prontuário médico, consulta médica e ligações telefônicas. RESULTADOS: No seguimento clínico de 30 meses, após a ATC-ST, observou-se que 67% dos pacientes permaneceram assintomáticos, 18% dos pacientes apresentaram quadro de angina estável, 6% apresentaram síndrome coronariana aguda sem supra de ST e 3% apresentaram síndrome coronariana aguda com supra de ST. Não houve pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral, insuficiência cardíaca congestiva ou morte cardíaca. Houve três mortes não-cardíacas. Foi observado índice de reestenose de 9%, que é comparável ao dos estudos de stent farmacológico. CONCLUSÃO: Concluímos que pacientes submetidos a transplante de rim que desenvolveram doença arterial coronariana e que foram tratados com stent coronariano tiveram baixo porcentual de reestenose clínica, provavelmente relacionado ao regime de imunossupressão administrado para evitar rejeição renal.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Hospital do Rim e HipertensãoUNIFESP, EPM, Hospital do Rim e HipertensãoSciEL

Hydration with sodium bicarbonate does not prevent contrast nephropathy: a multicenter clinical trial

BACKGROUND: Radiographic contrast media exposition can cause acute renal function impairment. There is limited and conflicting evidence that hydration with sodium bicarbonate prevents contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. OBJECTIVE: The present study was aimed at determining whether sodium bicarbonate is superior to hydration with saline to prevent nephropathy in patients at risk undergoing cardiac catheterization. METHODS: Three hundred and one patients undergoing coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention with serum creatinine > 1.2mg/dL or glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 1,2 mg/dL ou Taxa de Filtração Glomerular (TFG) < 50 mL/min, foram randomizados para receber hidratação com bicarbonato de sódio a partir de 1 hora antes do procedimento, e 6 horas após o procedimento, ou hidratação com solução salina a 0,9%. A NIC foi definida como um aumento de 0,5 mg/dL na creatinina em 48h. RESULTADOS: Dezoito pacientes (5,9%) desenvolveram nefropatia induzida por contraste: 9 pacientes no grupo do bicarbonato (6,1%) e 9 pacientes no grupo da solução salina (6,0%), p = 0,97. A variação na creatinina sérica foi semelhante em ambos os grupos, 0,01 ± 0,26 mg/dL no grupo do bicarbonato, e 0,01 ± 0,35 mg/dL no grupo da solução salina, p = 0,9. Não foi observada diferença estatística entre a alteração na taxa de filtração glomerular (0,89 ± 9 mL/ min vs. 2,29 ± 10 mL/min, p = 0,2, grupo do bicarbonato e grupo da solução salina, respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: A hidratação com bicarbonato de sódio não foi superior ao soro fisiológico na prevenção a nefropatia induzida pelo contraste, em pacientes de risco submetidos a cateterismo cardíaco.PUCRS Hospital São LucasUNIFESP Hospital São PauloHospital São CamiloHospital General de PueblaHospital da UnimedHospital Intercath MeridionalUFRGSUNIFESP, Hospital São PauloSciEL

The Brazilian Developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (BRAMS 5.2): An Integrated Environmental Model Tuned for Tropical Areas

We present a new version of the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System where different previous versions for weather, chemistry and carbon cycle were unified in a single integrated software system. The new version also has a new set of state-of-the-art physical parameterizations and greater computational parallel and memory usage efficiency. Together with the description of the main features are examples of the quality of the transport scheme for scalars, radiative fluxes on surface and model simulation of rainfall systems over South America in different spatial resolutions using a scale-aware convective parameterization. Besides, the simulation of the diurnal cycle of the convection and carbon dioxide concentration over the Amazon Basin, as well as carbon dioxide fluxes from biogenic processes over a large portion of South America are shown. Atmospheric chemistry examples present model performance in simulating near-surface carbon monoxide and ozone in Amazon Basin and Rio de Janeiro megacity. For tracer transport and dispersion, it is demonstrated the model capabilities to simulate the volcanic ash 3-d redistribution associated with the eruption of a Chilean volcano. Then, the gain of computational efficiency is described with some details. BRAMS has been applied for research and operational forecasting mainly in South America. Model results from the operational weather forecast of BRAMS on 5 km grid spacing in the Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies, INPE/Brazil, since 2013 are used to quantify the model skill of near surface variables and rainfall. The scores show the reliability of BRAMS for the tropical and subtropical areas of South America. Requirements for keeping this modeling system competitive regarding on its functionalities and skills are discussed. At last, we highlight the relevant contribution of this work on the building up of a South American community of model developers