610 research outputs found
Sustainability-focused international PBL project:Rethinking digital education for individuals of low socioeconomic status
Providing access to education for individuals of lower socio-economic status is a significant way to reduce poverty, as it
empowers them to grow as professionals and as individuals. Although there is an increasing sense of urgency to promote
these changes, notably motivated by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the UN 2030 Agenda, there are still
few successful ways to solve this problem on a large-scale. As digital technology develops and affordability increases, new
ways to share quality educational content are created. In an exploratory case study, with a qualitative approach, this paper
presents the development of a digital application focused on providing quality educational content directed to vulnerable
groups that lack access to formal learning experiences, specifically focused on waste pickers in Brasilia, Brazil. The main
data collection methods used to make the decisions through the development process were observation, surveys, and
interviews. Within the framework of Problem Based Learning (PBL) an international cross-disciplinary collaboration among
different universities, the project, denominated “Mobile Education”, involved: (i) the design and implementation of a system
consisting of both a web and mobile application; (ii) the research of a viable business model to provide long-term
sustainability for the project; (iii) and the creation of a pilot course of financial education for the preliminary target group,
i.e., waste pickers from Brasilia, Brazil. Conclusively, the project aims to positively impact social transformation for individuals
who work at the Waste Sorting facilities and lack financial knowledge. The Mobile Education project resulted in a functional
version of the app (Web and Mobile) as well as the delimitation of a viable business model to keep it providing digital
equality in Brazilian education
Experimental Plasmodium vivax infection of key Anopheles species from the Brazilian Amazon
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Previous issue date: 2013Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane. Manaus, AM, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado. Manaus, AM, Brasil / Universidade do Estado do Amazonas. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brasil / Universidade do Estado do Amazonas. Manaus, AM, Brasil. / Ministerio da Saúde. Núcleo Amazonas. Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Cuiabá, MT, Brasil.Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado. Manaus, AM, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado. Manaus, AM, Brasil / Universidade do Estado do Amazonas. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado. Manaus, AM, Brasil / Universidade do Estado do Amazonas. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado. Manaus, AM, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou; Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Background: Anopheles darlingi is the major malaria vector in countries located in the Amazon region. Anopheles
aquasalis and Anopheles albitarsis s.l. are also proven vectors in this region. Anopheles nuneztovari s.l. and Anopheles
triannulatus s.l. were found infected with Plasmodium vivax; however, their status as vectors is not yet well defined.
Knowledge of susceptibility of Amazon anopheline populations to Plasmodium infection is necessary to better
understand their vector capacity. Laboratory colonization of An. darlingi, the main Amazon vector, has proven to be
difficult and presently An. aquasalis is the only available autonomous colony.
Methods: Larvae of An. darlingi, An. albitarsis s.l., An. nuneztovari s.l. and An. triannulatus s.l. were collected in the
field and reared until adult stage. Adults of An. aquasalis were obtained from a well-established colony. Mosquitoes
were blood-fed using a membrane-feeding device containing infected blood from malarial patients.
The infection of the distinct Anopheles species was evaluated by the impact variance of the following parameters:
(a) parasitaemia density; (b) blood serum inactivation of the infective bloodmeal; (c) influence of gametocyte
number on infection rates and number of oocysts. The goal of this work was to compare the susceptibility to P.
vivax of four field-collected Anopheles species with colonized An. aquasalis.
Results: All Anopheles species tested were susceptible to P. vivax infection, nevertheless the proportion of infected
mosquitoes and the infection intensity measured by oocyst number varied significantly among species. Inactivation
of the blood serum prior to mosquito feeding increased infection rates in An. darlingi and An. triannulatus s.l., but
was diminished in An. albitarsis s.l. and An. aquasalis. There was a positive correlation between gametocyte density
and the infection rate in all tests (Z = −8.37; p < 0.001) but varied among the mosquito species. Anopheles albitarsis
s.l., An. aquasalis and An. nuneztovari s.l. had higher infection rates than An. darlingi.
Conclusion: All field-collected Anopheles species, as well as colonized An. aquasalis are susceptible to experimental
P. vivax infections by membrane feeding assays. Anopheles darlingi, An. albitarsis s.l. and An. aquasalis are very
susceptible to P. vivax infection. However, colonized An. aquasalis mosquitoes showed the higher infection intensity
represented by infection rate and oocyst numbers. This study is the first to characterize experimental development
of Plasmodium infections in Amazon Anopheles vectors and also to endorse that P. vivax infection of colonized An.
aquasalis is a feasible laboratory model
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Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests.
Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such "monodominant" forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). Utilizing a simple defining metric of at least half of the trees ≥ 10 cm diameter belonging to one species, we found only a few occurrences of monodominance in Amazonia, and the phenomenon was not significantly linked to previously hypothesized life history traits such wood density, seed mass, ectomycorrhizal associations, or Rhizobium nodulation. In our analysis, coppicing (the formation of sprouts at the base of the tree or on roots) was the only trait significantly linked to monodominance. While at specific locales coppicing or ectomycorrhizal associations may confer a considerable advantage to a tree species and lead to its monodominance, very few species have these traits. Mining of the ATDN dataset suggests that monodominance is quite rare in Amazonia, and may be linked primarily to edaphic factors
Author Correction: Whole-genome sequencing of 1,171 elderly admixed individuals from Brazil (vol 13, 1004, 2022)
Whole-genome sequencing of 1,171 elderly admixed individuals from Brazil
As whole-genome sequencing (WGS) becomes the gold standard tool for studying population genomics and medical applications, data on diverse non-European and admixed individuals are still scarce. Here, we present a high-coverage WGS dataset of 1,171 highly admixed elderly Brazilians from a census-based cohort, providing over 76 million variants, of which ~2 million are absent from large public databases. WGS enables identification of ~2,000 previously undescribed mobile element insertions without previous description, nearly 5 Mb of genomic segments absent from the human genome reference, and over 140 alleles from HLA genes absent from public resources. We reclassify and curate pathogenicity assertions for nearly four hundred variants in genes associated with dominantly-inherited Mendelian disorders and calculate the incidence for selected recessive disorders, demonstrating the clinical usefulness of the present study. Finally, we observe that whole-genome and HLA imputation could be significantly improved compared to available datasets since rare variation represents the largest proportion of input from WGS. These results demonstrate that even smaller sample sizes of underrepresented populations bring relevant data for genomic studies, especially when exploring analyses allowed only by WGS
The relative growth and sexual maturity of the freshwater crab Dilocarcinus pagei (Brachyura, Trichodactylidae) in the northwestern region of the state of São Paulo
Estudo nutricional da canafístula (I): crescimento e qualidade de mudas em resposta à adubação com nitrogênio e fósforo
Para além de um prefácio: ditadura e democracia no diálogo entre Antonio Candido e Sérgio Buarque de Holanda
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