Nível tecnológico e emissão de poluentes: uma análise empírica a partir da curva de kuznets ambiental

This investigation revealed the existence of a U-inverted curve, i.e. Environmental Kuznets Curve, relating pollutant emissions and technological level of the countries. The model was based on the estimation of regression methods with panel data, using 102 countries during 1960-2000. An alternative approach replaced GDP per capita, by the total factor productivity. In early stages of development, the adoption of dirtier technologies by backward economies is essential for generating knowledge and the future path of innovation. The impact of environmental regulation for these economies can aggravate the technological gap with its neighbors, the developed nations.Esta investigação evidenciou a existência da curva U-invertida, Curva de Kuznets Ambiental, relacionando emissão de poluentes e nível tecnológico dos países. O modelo baseou-se na estimação de métodos de regressão com dados em painel, em amostra de 102 países durante 1960-2000. Adotando uma abordagem alternativa, o PIB per capita foi substituído pela Produtividade Total dos Fatores. Nos estágios iniciais do desenvolvimento, a adoção de tecnologias mais sujas pelas economias atrasadas torna-se essencial na geração do aprendizado e na trajetória futura de inovação. O impacto da regulação ambiental para estas economias pode agravar o gap tecnológico com a vizinhança da fronteira, nações desenvolvidas

Immunomodulation From Moderate Exercise Promotes Control of Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Physical exercise has been described as an important tool in the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases as it promotes a range of responses and adaptations in several biological systems, including the immune system. Studies on the effect of exercise on the immune system could play a critical role in improving public health. Current literature suggests that moderate intensity exercise can modulate the Th1/Th2 dichotomy directing the immune system to a Th1 cellular immune response, which favors the resolution of infections caused by intracellular microorganisms. Leishmaniasis is a group of diseases presenting a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations that range from self-limiting lesions to visceral injuries whose severity can lead to death. The etiological agents responsible for this group of diseases are protozoa of the genus Leishmania. Infections by the parasite Leishmania major in mice (Balb/c) provide a prototype model for the polarization of CD4+ T cell responses of both Th1 (resistance) or Th2 (susceptibility), which determines the progression of infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exercise on the development of L. major experimental infections by scanning the pattern of immune response caused by exercise. Groups of Balb/c mice infected with L. major were divided into groups that preformed a physical exercise of swimming three times a week or were sedentary along with treatment or not with the reference drug, meglumine antimoniate. Animals in groups submitted to physical exercise did not appear to develop lesions and presented a significantly lower parasite load independent of drug treatment. They also showed a positive delayed hypersensitivity response to a specific Leishmania antigen compared to control animals. The IFN-γ/IL-4 and IFN-γ/IL10 ratios in trained animals were clearly tilted to a Th1 response in lymph node cells. These data suggest that moderate intensity exercise is able to modulate the Th1 response that provides a protective effect against the development of leishmanial lesions

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

O IMPACTO DOS INVESTIMENTOS EM P&D NO DESEMPENHO DAS EMPRESAS: APLICAÇÕES NO USO DE REGRESSÃO QUANTÍLICA COM VARIÁVEIS INSTRUMENTAIS [THE IMPACT OF INVESTMENTS IN R&D ON FIRM PERFORMANCE: APPLICATIONS OF QUANTILE REGRESSION WITH INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES]

RESUMO: O estudo analisa o impacto dos investimentos em PD nas vendas das firmas, tomando uma amostra de 2.000 firmas. Usando a técnica de variáveis instrumentais na regressão quantílica, o coeficiente de elasticidade em PD apresentou-se consideravelmente maior em relação ao método tradicional (estimador de Koenker e Bassett) e com inversão de tendência com aumento dosquantis. O estimador de regressão quantílica com variáveis instrumentais revela os riscos de tendenciosidade e inconsistência quando o pressuposto de exogeneidade é violado. Ao contrário dos resultados apresentados na literatura, as implicações deste estudo mostram que firmas com maior volume nas vendas (quantis superiores da distribuição condicional) obtêm maior retorno no uso dos investimentos em PD.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: inovação; crescimento; PD; regressão quantílica=========================ABSTRACT: This study analyzes the impact of RD in firms’ sales levels, taking a sample of 2,000 firms. Using the technique of instrumental variables in the quantile regression, the coefficient of elasticity in RD demonstrated to be considerably higher compared to the traditional method (Koenker and Bassett estimator) and a trend reversal with rising quantile. The estimator of the quantile regression with instrumental variables reveals the risks of bias and inconsistency when the exogeneity assumption is violated. Unlike the results presented in the recent literature, the implications of this study show that firms with higher sales (higher quantis of conditional distribution) obtain higher returns on the use of RD investments.KEYWORDS: innovation; growth; RD; quantile regressio

Nível tecnológico e emissão de poluentes: uma análise empírica a partir da curva de kuznets ambiental

Esta investigação evidenciou a existência da curva U-invertida, Curva de Kuznets Ambiental, relacionando emissão de poluentes e nível tecnológico dos países. O modelo baseou-se na estimação de métodos de regressão com dados em painel, em amostra de 102 países durante 1960-2000. Adotando uma abordagem alternativa, o PIB per capita foi substituído pela Produtividade Total dos Fatores. Nos estágios iniciais do desenvolvimento, a adoção de tecnologias mais sujas pelas economias atrasadas torna-se essencial na geração do aprendizado e na trajetória futura de inovação. O impacto da regulação ambiental para estas economias pode agravar o gap tecnológico com a vizinhança da fronteira, nações desenvolvidas

Comemoração dos 100 anos de Paulo Freire

Em 2021 celebramos o Centenário de Paulo Freire, ilustre educador, com atuação e reconhecimento internacionais e cuja trajetória deixa um legado para o mundo, de modo especial para a construção de saberes no diálogo entre o conhecimento acadêmico e o popular. A PROEC, no propósito de reconhecer e ressaltar a importante contribuição de Paulo Freire, abriu o Concurso “Comemoração dos 100 anos de Paulo Freire” que buscou valorizar, incentivar e dar visibilidade às ações de ensino, pesquisa, extensão e cultura da UNIFESP inspiradas no referencial teórico-metodológico freireano e realizadas por estudantes, docentes, técnicos(as) e terceirizados(as)

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data