Agronomic features of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) cv. Roxo under irrigation

This study aimed to evaluate how different irrigation water depths influence the agronomical features of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) cv. Roxo. Grass was cultivated in a pasture belonging to the Bovine Sector of the National Agrotechnical School of Caceres – MT. The experiment was a block design with five treatments and four repetitions. Treatments consisted of five water depths: 0 = 0% of available water (AW), 1 = 21% of AW, 2 = 34% of AW, 3 = 74% of AW, and 5 = 100% of AW. Evaluated features were production (dry matter ha-1), plant height, leaf/steam ratio, and stem diameter. Dry matter production of cuts from May and July increased linearly with increasing water depth (P < 0.05). Plant height increased linearly as water depth increased in the cuts of May and September, while the height of July cuts was 71.76 cm under an irrigation depth of 390.77 mm. In May, July, and September cuts, leaf percentage decreased linearly as water depth increased (P < 0.05). An increase of 1 mm in water depth reduced leaf percentage by 0.0936% (May), 0.0295% (July), and 0.0122% (September). Our results indicate that to improve dry matter production, May, July, and September cuts should be irrigated with water depths of 56.03 mm, 601.78 mm, and 577.65 mm, respectively

Performance of feedlot lambs fed with diets based on sunflower meal

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da inclusão da torta de girassol na dieta de cordeiros em confinamento sobre o desempenho produtivo dos animais. Utilizaram-se 40 cordeiros sem raça definida, não castrados, com peso médio inicial de 20,17±2,66 kg, alimentados com 0, 7, 14, 21 e 28% de torta de girassol na dieta (base seca). O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso. A inclusão de torta de girassol na dieta não alterou o consumo médio de matéria seca (883,58 g por dia), a conversão alimentar (4,40) e o consumo médio de água (2,59 L por dia). O aumento dos níveis de torta de girassol diminuiu linearmente o peso final, o ganho de peso total, o ganho de peso diário e a área de olho de lombo. O nível de inclusão de até 28% não afeta o consumo médio de matéria seca e de água, mas reduz o desempenho e a área de olho de lombo. Para obter o menor custo com a dieta, o nível de inclusão da torta de girassol pode atingir até 28% da matéria seca, quando o seu preço representar até 40% do preço da mistura entre milho e farelo de soja.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of inclusion levels of sunflower meal in feedlot lamb diets on animal productive performance. Forty crossbreed lambs, not castrated, with average initial body weight of 20.17±2.66 kg were feed levels of 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28% of sunflower meal in the diet (dry basis). The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design. The inclusion of sunflower meal in the diet did not affect average dry matter intake (883.58 g per day), feed conversion (4.40), and average water intake (2.59 L per day). The increase in the levels of sunflower meal linearly reduced final weight, total weight gain, average daily gain, and loin eye area. The inclusion level of up to 28% does not affect the average intake of dry matter and water, but reduces animal performance and loin eye area. To obtain the lowest cost with the diet, the inclusion level of sunflower meal can reach up to 28% of dry matter, when its price represents up to 40% of the price of corn and soybean meal blend

Hemodiálise e seus impactos psicossociais em mulheres em idade fértil / Hemodiálism and its psychosocial impacts in women at fertility

1. Ribeiro CDS, Alencar CSM, Feitosa MCD, Mesquita MASB. Percepção do portador de doença renal crônica sobre o tratamento hemodialitico. R. Interd. v.6, n. 3, p. 36-44, jul.ago.set. 2013.2. Maniva SJCF, Freitas CHA. O paciente em hemodiálise: autocuidado com a fístula arteriovenosa. Rev. Rene. Fortaleza, v. 11, n. 1, p. 152-160, jan./mar.2010.3. Farias MS, Maia ICG, Ferreira GMS, Pinto JR, Ferreira FIS. Sentimentos de pessoas em hemodiálise que esperam por um transplante renal. Revista Brasileira de Ciências da Saúde. v.24, n.4, p.357-362, 2018.4. Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia. Doença Renal Crônica. Associação Médica Brasileira, fundada em 1960. São Paulo, 23 de janeiro de 2012.5. Guedes KD, Guedes HM. Qualidade de vida do paciente portador de insuficiência. Revista Ciência &amp; Saúde, Porto Alegre, v. 5, n. 1, p. 48-53, jan./jun. 2012.6. Silva KAL, Cargnin MCS, Ventura J, Paula SF, Groos JV. Qualidade de vida de pacientes com insuficiência renal em tratamento hemodialitico. Rev enferm UFPE on line, Recife, 11(Supl. 11):4663-70, nov, 2017.7. Silva RAR, Souza VL, Oliveira GJN, Silva BCO, Rocha CCT, Holanda JRR. Estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas por pacientes renais crônicos em tratamento hemodialitico. Escola Anna Nery 20(1) Jan-Mar 2016.8. Ribas CCC, Fonseca RCV. Manual de metodologia opet. P.6, Curitiba, 2008.9. Gil AC. Métodos e técnicas de pesquisa social / Antonio Carlos Gil. - 6. ed. - São Paulo: Atlas, 2008.10. Prodanov CC, Freitas EC. Metodologia do trabalho cientifico: Métodos e Técnicas da Pesquisa e do Trabalho Acadêmico. 2.ed, p.70. Novo Hamburgo- Rio Grande do Sul, 2013.11. Bardin L. Análise de conteúdo. 4ed. Lisboa:Edições70, 2010.12. Pereira ER, Ribeiro IML, Ruas EFG, Silva PLN, Gonçalves RPF, Diamantino NAM. Análise das principais complicações durante a terapia hemodialítica em pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica. R. Enferm. Cent. O. Min. 2014 maio/ago; 4(2):1123-1134.13. Fioravante FA, Souza WC, Coelho NMD, Côelho JCA. Doenças renais: a enfermagem na terapia de substituição renal. Rev. Conexão Eletrônica – Três Lagoas, MS - Volume 15 – Número 1 – Ano 2018.14. Marques FRB, Botelho MR, Marcon SS, Pupulim JSL. Estratégias de coping utilizadas por familiares de indivíduos em tratamento hemodialitico. Texto Contexto Enferm, Florianópolis, 2014 Out-Dez; 23(4): 915-24.15. Gomes NDB, Leal NPR, Pimenta CJL, Martins KP, Ferreira GRS, Costa KNFM. Qualidade de vida de homens e mulheres em hemodiálise. Rev baiana enferm (2018); 32:e24935.16. Horta HHL, Lopes ML. Complicações decorrentes do tratamento dialítico: contribuição do enfermeiro no cuidado e educação ao paciente. Revista Enfermagem Contemporânea. 2017 Outubrol;6(2):221-227.17. Freitas RLS, Mendonça AEO. Cuidados de enfermagem ao paciente renal crônico em hemodiálise. Carpe Diem: Revista Cultural e Científica do UNIFACEX. v. 14, n. 2, 2016.18. Nogueira FLL, Freitas LR, Cavalcante NS, Pennafort VPS. Percepção do paciente renal crônico acerca dos cuidados com acessos para hemodiálise. Cogitare Enferm. 2016 Jul/set; 21(3): 01-08.19. Freitas EA, Freitas EA, Santos MF, Félis KC, Moraes-Filho IM, Ramos LSA. Assistência de enfermagem visando a qualidade de vida dos pacientes renais crônicos na hemodiálise. Rev Inic Cient e Ext. 2018 Jul-Dez;1(2):114-21

Efeito da aplicação de silicato de cálcio em Brachiaria rizantha cv. Marandu sobre a população de ninfas do percevejo castanho das raízes Scaptocoris carvalhoi Becker, 1967, características químicas do solo, planta e produção de matéria seca Application effect of calcium silicate in Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu on the nymph population of the brown root stinkbug, soil chemical characteristics, and plant and dry matter production

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses de silicato de cálcio sobre a população de ninfas de percevejo castanho das raízes em Brachiaria brizantha, nas características químicas do solo, planta e produção de matéria seca. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, totalizando 20 parcelas. Os tratamentos testados foram cinco doses (0, 0,5, 1, 2, e 4 t ha-1) de silicato de cálcio aplicadas junto com a adubação NPK na implantação da B. brizantha. Foi avaliado o número de ninfas do percevejo (profundidade de 0 a 40 cm), o pH e os teores de cálcio e de silício no solo. Aos 120 dias do plantio, a gramínea foi cortada, determinando-se a composição química e a produção de massa seca. Verificou-se que a aplicação de 2,6 t ha-1 de silicato de cálcio foi a melhor dosagem estimada para a redução de ninfas do percevejo castanho das raízes. A aplicação de doses crescentes de silicato de cálcio no solo promoveu o incremento do pH, dos teores de cálcio e silício no solo e o aumento na produção de matéria seca de B. brizantha.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different calcium silicate rates on the nymph population of the brown root stinkbug in B. brizantha cv. marandu, in the soil chemical characteristics, and plant and dry matter production. The experiment was carried out in casualized blocks with five treatments and four repetitions, in a total of 20 plots. The treatments tested were five rates (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 t ha -1) of calcium silicate applied together with NPK fertilization in the implantation of B. brizantha. The nymph number (depths 0 to 40 cm), pH, and soil calcium and silicon content were evaluated. On the 120th day after sowing, the grass was cut to determine the chemical composition and dry matter production. It was verified that the application of 2.6 t ha -1 of calcium silicate was the best estimated rate for the reduction of brown root stinkbug nymphs. The application of increasing doses of calcium silicate in the soil caused an increase of the pH, calcium and silicon content in the soil, and an increase in B. brizantha dry matter production

Bio-economic assessment of sheep supplementation in marandu palisadegrass pastures

Goal was to evaluate the effect of mineral and/or energy-protein supplementation on intake, behavior, production response, pH, rumen ammonia and production cost of sheep. Twenty female lambs and five rumen-cannulated lambs were used to test supplementation effects on weight gain and nutritional characteristics, respectively. Treatments evaluated were: mineral mixture, supplement with 20 and 25% of crude protein offered at 0.5 and 1.0% of body weight. Supplementation at 1.0% of body weight reduced forage intake. Average daily gain were: -58.33, -1.07, -9.53, 19.27 and 34.73 g day-1 per animal, for mineral mixture, supplements with 20 and 25% of crude protein supplied at 0.5% of body weight and 20 and 25% crude protein provided at 1.0% of body weight, respectively. Rumen pH for all supplements was maintained above 6.20. Values of rumen ammonia nitrogen were 5.10, 9.48, 11.54, 17.51 and 22.45 mg dL-1 for supplements: mineral mixture, 20 and 25% of crude protein provided at 0.5% of body weight and 20 and 25% of crude protein supplied at 1.0% of body weight, respectively. The best economic return was obtained with the supplement 25% of crude protein provided at 1.0% of body weight.Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o efeito da suplementação mineral e/ou proteica energética no consumo, comportamento, resposta produtiva, pH e amônia ruminais e custo de produção de ovinos. Utilizaram-se 20 borregas e cinco borregos canulados no rúmen para avaliar os efeitos da suplementação sobre o ganho de peso e características nutricionais, respectivamente. Avaliaram-se os suplementos mistura mineral e suplementos com 20 e 25% de proteína bruta ofertados a 0,5 e 1,0% do peso corporal. A suplementação na proporção de 1,0% do peso corporal reduziu o consumo de forragem. Os ganhos médios diários foram de –58,33; –1,07; –9,53; 19,27 e 34,73 g animal dia -1 , para os suplementos mistura mineral, 20 e 25% de proteína bruta fornecidos a 0,5% do peso corporal e 20 e 25% de proteína bruta ofertados a 1,0% do peso corporal, respectivamente. O pH para todos os suplementos esteve acima de 6,20. Os valores de nitrogênio amoniacal ruminal foram de 5,10; 9,48; 11,54; 17,51 e 22,45 mg dL -1 para os suplementos mistura mineral, 20 e 25% de proteína bruta fornecidos a 0,5% do peso corporal e 20 e 25% de proteína bruta fornecidos a 1,0% do peso corporal. O melhor retorno econômico foi obtido com o suplemento 25% de proteína bruta a 1,0% do peso corporal

Desempenho de cordeiros confinados, alimentados com dietas à base de torta de girassol

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da inclusão da torta de girassol na dieta de cordeiros em confinamento sobre o desempenho produtivo dos animais. Utilizaram-se 40 cordeiros sem raça definida, não castrados, com peso médio inicial de 20,17±2,66 kg, alimentados com 0, 7, 14, 21 e 28% de torta de girassol na dieta (base seca). O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso. A inclusão de torta de girassol na dieta não alterou o consumo médio de matéria seca (883,58 g por dia), a conversão alimentar (4,40) e o consumo médio de água (2,59 L por dia). O aumento dos níveis de torta de girassol diminuiu linearmente o peso final, o ganho de peso total, o ganho de peso diário e a área de olho de lombo. O nível de inclusão de até 28% não afeta o consumo médio de matéria seca e de água, mas reduz o desempenho e a área de olho de lombo. Para obter o menor custo com a dieta, o nível de inclusão da torta de girassol pode atingir até 28% da matéria seca, quando o seu preço representar até 40% do preço da mistura entre milho e farelo de soja

Copper sulfate and sodium selenite lipid-microencapsulation modifies ruminal microbial fermentation in a dual-flow continuous-culture system

La Universidad de Costa Rica proporcionó una beca para el programa de doctorado de José Alberto Arce Cordero.Undesirable interactions between trace mineral ele ments and ruminal contents may occur during digestion when mineral salts are supplemented. Antimicrobial effects of copper sulfate (CuSO4) may affect ruminal digestibility of nutrients when fed as a source of copper (Cu), while sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) may be reduced in the rumen to less available forms of selenium (Se). Our objective was to evaluate if protection of CuSO4 and Na2SeO3 by lipid-microencapsulation would induce changes on ruminal microbial fermentation. We used 8 fermentors in a dual-flow continuous-culture system in a 4 × 4 duplicated Latin square with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors were CuSO4 pro tection (unprotected and protected by lipid-microen capsulation) and Na2SeO3 protection (unprotected and protected by lipid-microencapsulation). Treatments consisted of supplementation with 15 mg/kg of Cu and 0.3 mg/kg of Se from either unprotected or protected (lipid-microencapsulated) sources, as follows: (1) Con trol (unprotected CuSO4 + unprotected Na2SeO3); (2) Cu-P (protected CuSO4 + unprotected Na2SeO3); (3) Se-P (unprotected CuSO4 + protected Na2SeO3); (4) (Cu+Se)-P (protected CuSO4 + protected Na2SeO3). All diets had the same nutrient composition and fer mentors were fed 106 g of dry matter/d. Each experi mental period was 10 d (7 d of adaptation and 3 d for sample collections). Daily pooled samples of effluents were analyzed for pH, NH3-N, nutrient digestibility, and flows (g/d) of total N, NH3-N, nonammonia N (NAN), bacterial N, dietary N, and bacterial efficiency. Kinetics of volatile fatty acids was analyzed in samples collected daily at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after feeding. Main effects of Cu protection, Se protection, and their interaction were tested for all response variables. Kinetics data were analyzed as repeated measures. Protection of Cu decreased acetate molar proportion, increased butyrate proportion, and tended to decrease acetate:propionate ratio in samples of kinetics, but did not modify nutrient digestibility. Protection of Se tended to decrease NH3-N concentration, NH3-N flow, and CP digestibility; and to increase flows of nonammonia N and dietary N. Our results indicate that protection of CuSO4 may increase butyrate concentration at expenses of acetate, while protection of Na2SeO3 tended to reduce ruminal deg radation of N. Further research is needed to determine the effects of lipid-microencapsulation on intestinal ab sorption, tissue distribution of Cu and Se, and animal performance.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Facultad de Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Escuela de Zootecni

In vitro evaluation of Lactobacillus plantarum as direct-fed microbials in high-producing dairy cows diets

The objectives of this study were: 1) to compare the effects of live yeast (LY), yeast fermentation product (YFP), a mix of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Propionibacterium freudenreichii (MLP), and Lactobacillus plantarum included as additives in dairy cows’ diets on in vitro ruminal fermentation and gas production (GP); and 2) to evaluate the effects of L. plantarum as direct-fed microbials (DFM) in dairy cows’ diets on in vitro ruminal fermentation, GP, nutrient digestibility, and N metabolism. Three experiments were carried out: Exp. 1 had the objective to compare all additives regarding ruminal fermentation parameters: an Ankom GP system was used in a completely randomized design, consisting of four 48 h incubations, and eight replications per treatment. There were eight treatments: a basal diet without additive (CTRL) or with one of the following additives: LY, YFP, MLP, or L. plantarum at four levels (% of diet Dry Matter (DM)): 0.05% (L1), 0.10% (L2), 0.15% (L3), and 0.20% (L4). In Exp. 2, a batch culture was used to evaluate ruminal fermentation, and CO2 and CH4 production using the same treatments and a similar experimental design, except for having 16 replications per treatment. Based on Exp. 1 and 2 results, Exp. 3 aimed at evaluating the effects of the L. plantarum on ruminal true nutrient digestibility and N utilization in order to evaluate the use of L. plantarum as DFM. The treatments CTRL, MLP, L1, and L2 were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design using a dual-flow continuous culture system. Data were analyzed using linear and nonlinear regression; treatment means were compared through contrasts, and L treatments in Exp. 1 and 2 were tested for linear, quadratic, and cubic effects. In Exp. 1, all treatments containing additives tended to reduce OM digestibility as well as reduced total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration and total GP. The YFP had greater OM digestibility than LY, and MLP treatment had greater total VFA concentration compared to L. plantarum treatments. In Exp. 2, additives reduced CO2 production, and there were no major differences in CH4. In Exp. 3, all additives reduced NH3 -N concentration. In conclusion, pH and lactate concentration were not affected in all three experiments regardless of additive tested, suggesting that these additives may not improve ruminal fermentation by pH modulation; and L. plantarum may improve ruminal N metabolism when used as DFM in high-producing dairy cows’ diets, mainly by reducing NH3 -N concentration.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Facultad de Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Escuela de Zootecni