Association of early life health conditions, nutritional status, and feeding practices with caries prevalence in preschool children

This study aimed to determine whether health conditions in the first year of life, nutritional status and dietary habits throughout life are related to the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC). Material and methods: Sample consisted of 338 children from public schools. The prevalence of dental caries was assessed by dmf-t index. An anthropometric analysis was conducted for identification of nutritional risk. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Poisson regression analysis, considering the dependent variables: a) presence of ECC (dmft ≥ 1); b) presence of severe ECC (dmft ≥ 6). Results: It was observed that 64% of the children exhibited ECC (mean dmft 2.97) and 23% suffer from severe ECC (mean dmft 8.2). 28 (11%) were at nutritional risk and more than 30% consumed sweets one or more times a day. It was observed that 8% showed low birth weight, 9% used antibiotics frequently in the first year of life and 67% maintained the habit of nocturnal bottle/breast-feeding after this period. Nocturnal feeding for prolonged time, frequent use of antibiotics and nutritional risk were associated with higher prevalence and severity of caries in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion: These results reinforce the relationship between early life events, nutritional status, and dental caries in primary teeth.This study aimed to determine whether health conditions in the first year of life, nutritional status and dietary habits throughout life are related to the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC). Material and methods: Sample consisted of 338 children from public schools. The prevalence of dental caries was assessed by dmf-t index. An anthropometric analysis was conducted for identification of nutritional risk. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Poisson regression analysis, considering the dependent variables: a) presence of ECC (dmft ≥ 1); b) presence of severe ECC (dmft ≥ 6). Results: It was observed that 64% of the children exhibited ECC (mean dmft 2.97) and 23% suffer from severe ECC (mean dmft 8.2). 28 (11%) were at nutritional risk and more than 30% consumed sweets one or more times a day. It was observed that 8% showed low birth weight, 9% used antibiotics frequently in the first year of life and 67% maintained the habit of nocturnal bottle/breast-feeding after this period. Nocturnal feeding for prolonged time, frequent use of antibiotics and nutritional risk were associated with higher prevalence and severity of caries in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion: These results reinforce the relationship between early life events, nutritional status, and dental caries in primary teeth

POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS PARA A EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR: A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DO PROUNI E FIES PARA O FORTALECIMENTO DA EDUCAÇÃO

O objetivo desse artigo foi analisar as políticas públicas para a educação superior, promovidas pós Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação – LDB/1996, com enfoque no Programa Universidade para Todos (PROUNI) e no Fundo de Financiamento do Estudante do Ensino Superior (FIES). Especificamente, buscaram-se verificar, as contribuições dos programas para o crescimento e fortalecimento da educação superior no País. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem quantitativa que possibilitou mensurar e analisar os dados coletados. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados foram a pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa documental nos principais sites governamentais. A amostra utilizada para verificação das bolsas disponibilizadas, teve ênfase em 5 universidades do Estado de Santa Catarina cadastradas e nos dados do MEC sobre o programa em geral. Os resultados demonstraram que o PROUNI disponibilizou 163.584 bolsas em todo o Brasil. Já o FIES registrou, em 2012, 140 mil novos contratos. Atualmente no país, 500 mil estudantes cursam a educação superior com financiamento do FIES. Participam do programa 1.536 instituições de ensino superior. As contribuições verificadas nos programas promovem a inclusão social de estudantes de baixa renda e com deficiência

Trypanosomes Modify the Behavior of Their Insect Hosts: Effects on Locomotion and on the Expression of a Related Gene

Background As a result of evolution, the biology of triatomines must have been significantly adapted to accommodate trypanosome infection in a complex network of vector-vertebrate-parasite interactions. Arthropod-borne parasites have probably developed mechanisms, largely still unknown, to exploit the vector-vertebrate host interactions to ensure their transmission to suitable hosts. Triatomines exhibit a strong negative phototaxis and nocturnal activity, believed to be important for insect survival against its predators. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study we quantified phototaxis and locomotion in starved fifth instar nymphs of Rhodnius prolixus infected with Trypanosoma cruzi or Trypanosoma rangeli. T. cruzi infection did not alter insect phototaxis, but induced an overall 20% decrease in the number of bug locomotory events. Furthermore, the significant differences induced by this parasite were concentrated at the beginning of the scotophase. Conversely, T. rangeli modified both behaviors, as it significantly decreased bug negative phototaxis, while it induced a 23% increase in the number of locomotory events in infected bugs. In this case, the significant effects were observed during the photophase. We also investigated the expression of Rpfor, the triatomine ortholog of the foraging gene known to modulate locomotion in other insects, and found a 4.8 fold increase for T. rangeli infected insects. Conclusions/Significance We demonstrated for the first time that trypanosome infection modulates the locomotory activity of the invertebrate host. T. rangeli infection seems to be more broadly effective, as besides affecting the intensity of locomotion this parasite also diminished negative phototaxis and the expression of a behavior-associated gene in the triatomine vector

Estimation of specific VO2max for elderly in cycle ergometer

The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a specific estimation model of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) based on submaximal ventilatory indicators on a cycle ergometer test protocol in elderly men. We tested, using an incremental protocol, 181 healthy and non-athletes male volunteers, aged between 60 and 79 years old, randomly divided into two groups: group A, of estimation (n = 137), and group B, of validation (n = 44). The independent variables were: body mass in kg, second workload threshold (WT2) and heart rate at the second ventilatory threshold (VT2). The cross-validation method was used in group B, with group A serving as the basis for the model and the validation dataset. The results presented a multiple linear regression model for estimation of VO2max = 31.62 + 0.182 (WT2) – 0.302 (body mass) in mlO2/kg/min-1; adjusted R2 = 0.98 and SEE = 0.682 (mlO2/Kg/min-1). The construction of this specific model for healthy and non-athletes elderly men can demonstrate that it is possible to estimate VO2max with a minimum error (SEE < 1.00) from indicators of ventilatory thresholds obtained in an incremental submaximal test

Uso da terapia hiperbárica como coadjuvante na terapêutica do pé diabético: uma revisão integrativa

Introduction: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) consists of exposing the patient to inhalation of 100% pure oxygen, at room temperature, under pressure greater than atmospheric pressure at sea level. It results in increased cellular oxygenation and breaking the vicious cycle of ischemia, causing vasoconstriction and consequently reducing edema and compartment pressures. As it helps to improve infection and healing processes, it is used as an adjuvant for the treatment of various pathologies, such as diabetic foot ulcers. Objectives: The present work aims to highlight nursing care for patients who use HBOT to treat diabetic foot. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review, carried out from February to April 2024 on the Virtual Health Library (VHL) portal, in the databases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Database of Nursing Data (BDENF) and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), using the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS): Hyperbaric oxygen therapy AND Nursing OR Hyperbaric oxygen therapy AND Diabetic foot. Cross-checking the descriptors in the databases chosen for the review resulted in 332 results. After inserting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, there were a total of 121 records, of which 10 articles were selected as relevant to the study. Results: The findings showed that the professional nurse is responsible for providing assistance both before, during and after each oxygen therapy session. Regarding the benefits of this therapy in the treatment of diabetic foot, the most important effects were: it accelerates wound healing, reduces patient hospitalizations, reduces amputations, improves pain sensation, increases quality of life and patient survival. Conclusion: The use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy as an adjuvant method to conventional therapy proved to be much more effective than the use of conventional therapy alone, with the nurse being one of the protagonists in the use of this therapy.Introdução: O pé diabético é uma complicação da diabetes mellitus que se não tratada de forma adequada pode resultar em amputações, altos custos hospitalares, internações prolongadas e piora da qualidade de vida das pessoas com essa patologia. Frente a esta situação, o presente estudo aborda a oxigenoterapia hiperbárica e seu uso pela enfermagem no tratamento desse tipo de lesão. Objetivos: evidenciar os efeitos benéficos da oxigenoterapia hiperbárica e seu uso pela enfermagem no tratamento de pessoas com pé diabético. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, realizada no período de fevereiro a abril de 2024 no portal da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF) e Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), empregando os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): Oxigenoterapia hiperbárica AND Enfermagem OR Oxigenoterapia hiperbárica AND Pé diabético. O cruzamento dos descritores nos bancos de dados escolhidos para a revisão resultou em 332 resultados, após a inserção dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, totalizou-se 121 registros, desses, 10 artigos foram selecionados como pertinentes ao estudo. Resultados: Os achados evidenciaram que o profissional enfermeiro é responsável pela assistência tanto pré, durante e após cada sessão de oxigenoterapia. Quanto aos benefícios dessa terapia no tratamento do pé diabético, os efeitos mais importantes foram: acelera a cicatrização da ferida, reduz as internações do paciente, reduz as amputações, melhora a sensação álgica, aumenta a qualidade de vida e a sobrevida dos pacientes. Conclusão: O uso da oxigenoterapia hiperbárica tem se ampliado no Brasil e como um método adjuvante ao convencional se mostrou muito mais eficaz que a utilização da terapia convencional isolada, sendo o enfermeiro um dos protagonistas no uso dessa terapia

Evaluation of stability of blackberry jams conditioned in different packaging materials.

A geleia de amora-preta apresenta alto potencial para industrializa??o tendo em vista que o fruto possui estrutura fr?gil, elevada perecibilidade e alta atividade respirat?ria. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a estabilidade de geleias de amora-preta acondicionadas em embalagem de vidro e de polipropileno ? temperatura ambiente (25?C ? 2?C) em condi??es de luminosidade e em temperatura refrigerada (4?C ? 2?C) durante 120 dias. Foram analisadas as seguintes caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas: atividade de ?gua, s?lidos sol?veis, acidez titul?vel, pH, antocianinas totais, teor de vitamina C e atividade antioxidante. Observou-se que a qualidade das geleias foi influenciada pelo tipo de embalagem e pelo tempo de armazenamento, os quais comprometeram as caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas do produto. Os resultados mostraram um decr?scimo na atividade de ?gua, nos n?veis de antocianinas totais e nos teores de vitamina C com o decorrer do armazenamento, no entanto, a embalagem de vidro apresentou melhores resultados quanto ? manuten??o das caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas da geleia vindo a contribuir para a manuten??o da vida ?til do produto.The blackberry jam has a high potential for industrialization, in order that the fruit has a fragile structure, high perishability, and high respiratory activity. This study evaluated the stability of blackberry jams packed in glass and polypropylene at temperature (25 ? 2?C) in light conditions and refrigerated temperature (4?C ? 2?C) for 120 days. The physico and chemical characteristics were analyzed: water activity, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, total anthocyanins and the content of vitamin C. It was observed that the quality of jams was influenced by the type of packaging and the storage time, which committed the nutritional characteristics of the product. The results showed a decrease in water activity, the levels of anthocyanins and vitamin C with the time of storage, however, the glass packaging showed better values for the maintenance of the physico-chemical characteristics jams been contribute to maintaining the shelf-life of the product

Transversal Study Describing the Applicability of the Conicity Index in the Age Group of Children

O excesso de massa corporal predominantemente na região abdominal do corpo favorece o surgimento de várias doenças, dentre elas as dislipidemias e os distúrbios cardiovasculares. Nesse contexto, o índice de conicidade (IC) é uma alternativa viável para indicar obesidade abdominal. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e o IC apresentam alguma correlação e se o IC das crianças pode ser inserido na faixa de corte, utilizando sua fórmula original. Tratou-se de uma metodologia quantitativa analítica e descritiva, com delineamento transversal. Crianças de ambos os sexos entre 9 e 11 anos de idade participaram deste estudo. A circunferência da cintura-CC (m), altura (m) e índice de massa corporal (kg) foram utilizados como variáveis ​​para o cálculo do IC e IMC. Após a coleta dessas variáveis, foi realizada a tabulação, e posteriormente, o software estatístico SAS® Studio foi utilizado para realizar as análises estatísticas. Sessenta e seis crianças (27 homens e 39 mulheres) foram avaliadas. Observou-se que os dados de IC e IMC não se correlacionam. No entanto, os valores obtidos pelo cálculo do intervalo de confiança de 95% da média das crianças estão contidos no intervalo 1,00 e 1,73