INVOLVEMENT OF FATHERS IN THE BREASTFEEDING PROCESS

The aim of the present study was to identify the involvement of fathers in the breastfeeding process in a state maternity hospital in the Central-West of Brazil. A descriptive study with a quantitative approach was carried out with the use of primary data collected by means of structured interviews, with 56 fathers accompanying their puerperal partners. There was a prevalence of fathers aged from 25 to 31 years, 20 (35.71%), married, 22 (39.29%), and with complete high school education, 18 (32.14%). All pregnant women carried out prenatal appointments and 36 (64.29%) fathers accompanied them. Twenty-three (41.07%) fathers received guidance on breastfeeding and there was a prevalence of nurses, 17 (30.36%), among the professionals who provided them with information. The main facilitating factor for fathers to help in breastfeeding was the desire to support their wives, 37 (66.08%), and the main difficult factor was the adjustment of working hours, 19 (33.93%). Being next to their partners is the way fathers found to encourage breastfeeding, and their involvement is fundamental to the success of this process.Este estudo objetivou identificar a participação do pai no processo de amamentação em uma maternidade estadual da região centro-oeste do Brasil. Pesquisa descritiva de abordagem quantitativa, utilizando-se de dados primários coletados por meio de entrevistas estruturadas, junto a 56 pais acompanhantes de suas puérperas. Predominaram pais na faixa etária de 25 a 31 anos, 20 (35,71%), casados, 22 (39,29%) e com ensino médio completo, 18 (32,14%). Todas as gestantes realizaram pré-natal e 36 (64,29%) pais as acompanharam. Receberam orientações sobre amamentação, 23 (41,07%) pais e dentre os profissionais que forneceram informações, predominou o enfermeiro 17 (30,36%). O principal fator facilitador para os pais ajudarem na amamentação foi a vontade de apoiar a esposa 37 (66,08%) e o dificultador, conciliar o horário de trabalho, 19 (33,93%). Estar junto da mulher é a maneira que os pais encontraram para favorecer a amamentação e sua participação é fundamental para o sucesso desse processo.Este estudio buscó identificar la participación del padre en el proceso de amamantamiento, en maternidad estatal de región centro-oeste de Brasil. Investigación descriptiva de abordaje cuantitativo, utilizando datos primarios recogidos mediante entrevistas estructuradas realizadas a 56 padres acompañantes de sus puérperas. Predominaron padres en faja etaria de 25 a 31 años, 20 (35,71%) casados, 22 (39,29%) y con enseñanza media completa, 18 (32,14%). Todas las parturientas realizaron prenatal y 36 (64,29%) padres las acompañaron. Recibieron orientación sobre amamantamiento 23 (41,07%) padres. Entre los profesionales que brindaron información predominó el enfermero, 17 (30,36%). El principal factor facilitador para que los padres ayuden en el amamantamiento fue la voluntad de apoyar a la esposa, 37 (66,08%), y el dificultador, conciliar los horarios laborales, 19 (33,93%). Permanecer junto a la mujer es el modo que los padres encontraron para facilitar el amamantamiento, su participación es fundamental para el éxito del proceso

Morphological analysis of the skeletal development in lateral cephalometric radiographs of HIV infected children ongoing Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

To investigate the skeletal development of HIV infected children through a morphological analysis of the cervical vertebrae (CV) in lateral cephalometric radiographs. The sample consisted of 86 lateral cephalometric radiographs of male and female children aged between 6 and 14 years old. The radiographs were equally distributed in groups 1 (HIV infected children) and 2 (non-infected children, paired by sex and age). Two examiners analyzed the CV according to the method of Hassel and Farman (1995). Spearman correlation coefficient was used to associate age and skeletal development within groups, while Mann-Whitney test compared the skeletal development between groups. The correlation of age and skeletal development in group 1 reached 0.17, 0.27 and 0.27 (p >0.05) for C2, C3 and C4, respectively, while in group 2 it reached 0.65, 0.54 and 0.60, respectively (p 0.05). HIV infected and non-infected children showed a similar development of the CV. However, the weak correlation between age and CV development in HIV infected children highlights the need for careful decisions prior to therapeutic approaches ? especially those founded on the prediction of skeletal development, such as maxillofacial surgeries, and orthopedic and orthodontic procedures

Implementation of a penicillin allergy skin test

O teste cutâneo para alergia imediata a penicilina é o único teste validado internacionalmente, sendo que sua grande utilidade reside na avaliação de pacientes com história positiva de alergia a penicilina. O teste positivo para determinantes principais e secundários da penicilina apresenta um valor preditivo positivo de 50% e valor preditivo negativo de 99%. Em nosso meio, o Ministério de Saúde disponibiliza um protocolo para o preparo dos reagentes, uma vez que os mesmos não estão disponíveis comercialmente. Como o referido protocolo não apresenta maiores detalhes sobre o cuidado relativo às etapas de preparo das soluções, bem como faltam algumas considerações no que tange a realização do teste, propusemo-nos no presente trabalho operacionalizar o teste, avaliando de forma crítica e minuciosa cada etapa, de forma que outros profissionais possam reproduzi-lo de maneira mais segura e eficaz.The penicillin allergy skin testing is the only accurate and reliable test for penicillin hypersensitivity mediated by IgE. It is useful for identifying patients with doubtful history of allergy. Positive test for major and minor determinants presents a positive predictive value of 50% and negative predictive value of 99%. In Brazil, the Ministry of Health suggests a protocol for in house made reagents, since they are not commercially available. As the referred protocol does not mention some important details about the test procedures, we propose in the present work to implement them, critically evaluating each step in order to allow the protocol establishment at any health service, with quality and safety

Práticas alimentares entre crianças menores de um ano internadas em hospital público

Introduction: Food is an important factor to ensuring the existence, growth and development of a child. Objectives: to identify the socioeconomic profile of children under one year of age hospitalized in a public hospital in the country side of Maranhão and of their mothers; to know the complementary feeding given tby mothers and their history of breastfeeding. Method: Descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative research conducted between February and September 2015. Data were collected through forms applied to mothers, and the sample comprised 174 individuals. Results: 62.7% of the children were male, 42.5% were 1 to 4 months old, 55.7% were hospitalized with respiratory problems, their mothers were housewives aged between 15 and 35 years. The data showed that children received liquids, artificial milk and food precociously, and only 20.1% had practiced exclusive breastfeeding until the sixth month. Conclusion: The children under one year of age have an inadequate eating pattern. Therefore, actions that promote the practice of healthy feeding are necessary.Introducción: La fuente de alimentación es un factor importante para asegurar el correcto crecimiento y desarrollo de un niño. Objetivo: Identificar el perfil socioeconómico de los niños menores de un año ingresados en hospital público en interior de Maranhão y de sus madres; conocer la alimentación complementaria practicada por ellas y el histórico de amamantamiento materno. Método: Investigación descriptiva, transversal de naturaleza cuantitativa, realizada entre febrero y septiembre de 2015. Datos recolectados en formularios aplicados a las madres de los niños, siendo la muestra de 174 sujetos. Resultados: Eran del sexo masculino 62,7% de los niños, 42,5% tenían de 1 a 4 meses, 55,7% fueron ingresados con problemas respiratorios, sus madres eran amas de casa con edad entre 15 y 35 años. Los datos muestran que los niños recibieron líquidos, leche artificial y alimentos precozmente, y sólo 20,1% practicaron al amamantamiento materno exclusivo hasta el sexto mes. Conclusión: Los niños menores de un año ingresados presentaron tipo alimentación inadecuado. Por lo tanto, son necesarias acciones que promuevan la práctica de la alimentación saludable.Introdução: A alimentação é um fator de importância para assegurar a existência, o crescimento e o desenvolvimento adequados de uma criança. Objetivos: identificar o perfil socioeconômico das crianças menores de um ano internadas em hospital público no interior do Maranhão e de suas mães; conhecer a alimentação complementar praticada por elas e o histórico de aleitamento materno das mesmas. Método: Pesquisa descritiva, transversal, quantitativa, realizada entre fevereiro e setembro de 2015. Dados coletados através de formulários aplicados às mães, sendo que a amostra compreendeu 174 sujeitos. Resultados: Eram do sexo masculino 62,7% das crianças, 42,5% tinham de 1 a 4 meses, 55,7% foram internadas com problemas respiratórios, suas mães eram donas de casa com idade entre 15 e 35 anos. Os dados mostram que as crianças receberam líquidos, leite artificial e alimentos precocemente, e apenas 20,1% praticaram ao aleitamento materno exclusivo até o sexto mês. Conclusão: As crianças menores de um ano internadas apresentam padrão alimentar inadequado. Portanto, são necessárias ações que promovam a prática da alimentação saudável. &nbsp

Proteomic analysis of gastrocnemius muscle in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and chronically exposed to fluoride

Administration of high doses of fluoride (F) can alter glucose homeostasis and lead to insulin resistance (IR). This study determined the profile of protein expression in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats with streptozotocin- induced diabetes that were chronically exposed to F. Male Wistar rats (60 days old) were randomly distributed into two groups of 18 animals. In one group, diabetes was induced through the administration of streptozotocin. Each group (D-diabetic and ND-non-diabetic) was further divided into 3 subgroups each of which was exposed to a different F concentration via drinking water (0 ppm, 10 ppm or 50 ppm F, as NaF). After 22 days of treatment, the gastrocnemius muscle was collected and submitted to proteomic analysis (2D-PAGE followed by LC-MS/MS). Protein functions were classified by the GO biological process (ClueGO v2.0.7+Clupedia v1.0.8) and protein-protein interaction networks were constructed (PSICQUIC, Cytoscape). Quantitative intensity analysis of the proteomic data revealed differential expression of 75 spots for ND0 vs. D0, 76 for ND10 vs. D10, 58 spots for ND50 vs. D50, 52 spots for D0 vs. D10 and 38 spots for D0 vs. D50. The GO annotations with the most significant terms in the comparisons of ND0 vs. D0, ND10 vs. D10, ND50 vs. D50, D0 vs. D10 and D0 vs. D50, were muscle contraction, carbohydrate catabolic processes, generation of precursor metabolites and energy, NAD metabolic processes and gluconeogenesis, respectively. Analysis of subnetworks revealed that, in all comparisons, proteins with fold changes interacted with GLUT4. GLUT4 interacting proteins, such as MDH and the stress proteins HSPB8 and GRP78, exhibited decreased expression when D animals were exposed to F. The presence of the two stress proteins indicates an increase in IR, which might worsen diabetes. Future studies should evaluate whether diabetic animals treated with F have increased IR, as well as which molecular mechanisms are involved.Fil: Lima Leite, Aline. Universidade Federal do São Carlos; Brasil. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Lobo, Janete Gualiume Vaz Madureira. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Pereira, Heloísa Aparecida Barbosa Da Silva. Universidade Federal do São Carlos; BrasilFil: Fernandes, Mileni Silva. Universidade Federal do São Carlos; BrasilFil: Martini, Tatiani. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Zucki, Fernanda. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Hissako Sumida, Dóris. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Rigalli, Alfredo. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Rabelo Buzalaf, Marilia Afonso. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasi

Educomunicação, Transformação Social e Desenvolvimento Sustentável

Esta publicação apresenta os principais trabalhos dos GTs do II Congresso Internacional de Comunicação e Educação nos temas Transformação social, com os artigos que abordam principalmente Educomunicação e/ou Mídia-Educação, no contexto de políticas de diversidade, inclusão e equidade; e, em Desenvolvimento Sustentável os artigos que abordam os avanços da relação comunicação/educação no contexto da educação ambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável

DESEMPENHO E CARACTERÍSTICAS DE CARCAÇA DE AVES CAIPIRAS ALIMENTADAS COM FENO DE ERVA-SAL (Atriplex nummularia Lindl.)

Saltbush (Atriplex nummularia Lindl.) is a shrub originating from Australia, which represents one of the forage resources suitable for rainfed land in arid and semiarid regions of Brazil, they have tolerance to dry and saline. In this context, it was aimed to verifying the effect of partial replacement of the conventional diet of saltbush hay on performance and carcass quality of chickens. The treatments consisted of substituting 0, 5, 10 and 15% of the basal saltbush hay. There was a significant effect (P <0.01) of the replacement of the hay on intake of crude protein, crude fiber and gross energy, average daily gain, feed conversion, body weight, absolute weight of carcass, thigh, chest and abdominal fat, and relative weight of thigh, abdominal fat and liver, indicating that the replacement of hay up to 10% of the conventional diet for broiler chickens does not compromise on performance and carcass characteristics of chickens