Dynamic program linkage and multi-layer protection in a multi-access computer operating system

Imperial Users onl

Evaluation on the application of life cycle matrix (LCM) in forecasting housing needs and housing demand in developed and developing countries

The accuracy of forecasting of housing needs and demand is crucial to the preparation of development plan because residential land constitutes a greater share of the developed area of cities. Presently, many common methods are based on aggregate method, headship rates, household size, backlog and other accounting methods. Many of these methods have their strengths and weaknesses contributed by the assumptions and ‘intelligent guesses’ used in the calculations. This paper aims to explore alternative method of forecasting housing needs and demand by using Life Cycle Matrix. As a household undergoes change of stages in family life cycle, one’s housing needs and demand are experiencing gradual change. Therefore, it is essential to consider the life cycle change of a household in the analysis and forecasting of housing needs and demands. Life Cycle Matrix was initiated in Japan in 1980s to estimate housing needs based on population cohort and household distribution pattern. Comparative analysis using LCM is also being carried out in developed countries (Japan and United Kingdom) and developing countries (Philippines and Malaysia)

Phase Behaviour Physical Properties of Batyl Alcohol

Batyl alcohol (monoalkylether glycerine) acts as an emulsifier when used in emulsion products, such as cosmetics creams, lotions and ointments. It is chemically stable, highly purified and safe. Although batyl alcohol is widely used in cosmetic products, little is known about its phase behaviour and rheological properties in ternary systems. Its phase behaviour in ternary systems was therefore studied at 80°C, and observed under a polarising microscope. In the ternary systems, lamellar and hexagonal areas were found in 90110 and 10010 mixtures of batyl alcohol (BA) and isopropyl myristate (IPM) and the percentage of water were from 9% - 44% wlw, respectively. They were identified by their patterns of maltese crosses and fan structures, respectively.Both of them exhibited a viscoelastic network. Further addition of either medium chain triglycerides (MCT) or propylene glycol (PG) to the system resulted in isotropic and two-phase areas being formed instead of a liquid crystalline structure. Using a combination of BA, IPM, MCT and water, an emulsion was developed. A ratio of 1 :1 MCT:water was emulsified with 5% and 10% BA. A weak viscoelastic network was formed with 5% BA but without stearic acid (Emulsion S1). With stearic acid (Emulsion S2) a strong viscoelastic network was formed with the acid acting as a co-emulsifier. No network structure was found in the emulsion containing 10% BA (Emulsion S4) as it was stabilized by the right percentage of BA. The emulsifiers adsorbed at the MCThvater interface, reducing the droplet size and increasing the viscosity, while the rest formed liquid crystalline lamellar in the continuous phase to physically trap the droplets in the network. The conductivity measured revealed that oil-in-water emulsion can conduct electric and it also shows the oil droplets encapsulated by the emulsifier in S2

Kepuasan Kerja Di Kalangan Guru-Guru Sekolah Rendah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina Di Negeri Kelantan

The purpose of this study was to determine : a) the overall job satisfaction among the National Type Chinese Primary School teachers in the state of Kelantan; b)whether there were significant differences on job satisfaction based on demographic characteristics along sex, level of education, grade/size of school and job experience; c) the correlation between motivator and hygiene factors with job satisfaction; d) whether motivator and hygiene factors will significantly explain the variance in job satisfaction and e) the best predictor for job satisfaction. The instrument used in this study was based on the questionnaires developed by Brafield-Rothe (1951) and also from the Faculty Opinion Survey Questionnaire by Seegmiller (1977), which were translated into Bahasa Malaysia. The sample for this study consisted of 198 primary school teachers comprising 28 males and 170 females who were teaching at ten selected National Type Chinese Primary School in the state of Kelantan. The results of this study can be summed up as follows: a) the majority ( 92.9% ) of the National Type Chinese Primary School teachers had moderate overall job satisfaction, b) there were no significant differences between job satisfaction and demographic characteristics along sex, level of education and job experience, c) there were significant differences between job satisfaction and grade/size of school, d) job satisfaction is positively and significantly correlated with motivator and hygiene factors, e) all the elements of motivator factor were positively and significantly correlated with job satisfaction, f) all the elements of hygiene factor were positively and significantly correlated with job satisfaction, g) motivator and hygiene factors significantly explained the variance in job satisfaction and h) supervision as the element of hygiene factor emerged as the best predictor for job satisfaction

Intelligent Air Conditioner System: User Acceptance Level of ICONS and Cost Saving Analysis.

Innovator telah ditubuhkan oleh tiga orang pelajar Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). Innovator was formed by three students of Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)

Further notes on the avifauna of the riau Archipelago

Further notes are supplied on the avifauna of Batam, Bintan and other islands in the Riau Archipelago that supplement those presented in Rajathurai (1996) in Kukila Volume 8

Differential cytokine mRNA expression induced by binding of virulent and avirulent molecularly cloned equine infectious anemia viruses to equine macrophages

Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) causes rapid development of acute disease followed by recurring episodes of fever, thrombocytopenia and viremia, termed chronic EIA. Most infected horses control the virus by immune mechanisms and become inapparent carriers. To further our understanding of the equine immune response to EIAV, a multi-probe ribonuclease protection assay (RPA) was developed to quantitate equine-specific cytokine mRNAs. Eleven template plasmids specific to ten equine cytokine genes and the ?-actin gene were generated, from which radiolabeled anti-sense RNA probes were produced. The RPA simultaneously quantitated mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 p35, IL-12 p40, interferon (IFN)-, transforming growth factor (TGF)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells and equine monocyte-derived macrophages (EMDM). The assay detected as few as 5105 RNA molecules and displayed coefficients of variation of 0.03-0.08 when normalized to -actin expression. Using this RPA, cytokine expression in EMDM infected with 2 molecularly cloned viruses (EIAV17 and EIAV19) was determined. EIAV17 varies from EIAV19 only in env, rev and LTR and causes fatal disease in Shetland ponies. When added to EMDM cultures, virulent EIAV17 stimulated expression of IL-1, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-. These cytokine mRNAs were significantly elevated by 0.5 to 1 hr post infection (hpi) and returned to basal levels by 12 to 24 hpi, indicating modulation by early event(s), such as receptor binding. In contrast to EIAV17, EIAV19 is avirulent in vivo and failed to induce any of the tested cytokines in EMDM. These data show a direct correlation between the virulence of the EIAV clone and the induction of cytokines. The cytokines stimulated by EIAV17 may contribute to EIA-associated symptoms, enhance viral replication in the host, and regulate the host immune response. To determine whether cytokine induction requires EIAV17 replication, EMDM cultures were exposed to UV-inactivated EIAV17 and cytokine induction was monitored. UV-inactivation did not block cytokine induction by EIAV17, suggesting dispensability of viral replication. Given that EIAV17 induces cytokines in a rapid and replication-independent manner, the activation of cytokine expression is likely mediated by binding of EIAV17 to equine macrophage receptor(s)

High-speed craft (HSC) : a study of their safe operation and navigation, and their impact upon the Malacca Strait

The dissertation is a study of the safe operation and navigation of High-speed Craft (HSC) and their impact upon the Malacca Strait. The definitions of HSC are compared and illustrated. The future trend, growth and development of current types of HSC and their inherent design limitations are investigated. The maneuvering systems and characteristics of HSC are analyzed. The active safety system employed by HSC is compared to the passive safety system of conventional vessels. The operation and navigation problems due to high-speed are investigated. The human resource management methods of reducing human errors are discussed. The navigational requirements of the HSC Code are reviewed to determine its weaknesses. The difficulties in various operational environments and the importance of appropriate aids to navigation are discussed. The collision avoidance techniques used by HSC operators are examined to determine their impact on the Colregs. Relevant rules affected by these techniques are discussed with a view of suggesting possible solutions. The factors affecting the development of HSC services in the littoral states of Malacca Strait are explored. Particular reference is made to developments in Malaysia. A brief look is taken at the marine environment in the Malacca Strait. The proposals by the littoral states to the International Maritime Organization to enhance the safety of navigation and the protection of the marine environment are considered for further improvement. Additionally, training methodology for HSC operators by a number of institutions is also investigated. The concluding chapters examine the results of the study and recommendations are made concerning the need to revise Chapter 13 of the HSC Code and the International Convention for Preventing Collisions at Sea. Proposals are also made regarding the need to improve the aids to navigation and the safety of navigation in the Malacca Strait