Linfield College: Study Abroad in Ecuador

This letter from returnee Lily Niland explains the value of studying abroad in Ecuador

Baseball!

Postcard from Lily Niland, during the Linfield College Semester Abroad Program at Kanto Gakuin University in Yokohama, Japa

FAKTOR-FAKTOR INTERNAL DAN EKSTERNAL YANG MEMPENGARUHI KETIDAKBERHASILAN PENGENDALIAN STATUS GLIKEMIK PADA DM TIPE II (STUDI KASUS DI TPK YAKES TELKOM AREA JATENG DAN DIY)

MAGISTER EPIDEMIOLOGI KONSENTRASI EPIDEMIOLOGI KESEHATAN PROGRAM PASCA SARJANA UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO SEMARANG 2008 ABSTRAK LILY KRESNOWATI FAKTOR-FAKTOR INTERNAL DAN EKSTERNAL YANG MEMPENGARUHI KETIDAKBERHASILAN PENGENDALIAN STATUS GLIKEMIK PADA DM TIPE II (STUDI KASUS DI TPK YAKES TELKOM AREA JATENG DAN DIY) Latar Belakang : Pengendalian status glikemik pada diabetisi yang tidak adekuat sampai saat ini masih menjadi masalah kesehatan mayor di berbagai negara, bahkan Amerika (AS) sekalipun. Yang dimaksud dengan pengendalian status glikemik adalah kadar HbA1c berada dalam batas yang ditentukan oleh konsensus yang ada. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor internal dan eksternal yang mempengaruhi ketidakberhasilan pengendalian status glikemik. Metode penelitian : Penelitian ini merupakan studi epidemiologi observasional analitik dengan desain kasus-kontrol. Kasus adalah pasien rawat jalan di TPK dan TPK Khusus yang telah didiagnosis dokter sebagai pasien DMT2 dengan hasil pemeriksaan HbA1c rata-rata 6 bulan terakhir, tergolong status glikemik tak terkendali (HbA1c > 8%). Adapun kontrol adalah penderita DMT2 dengan status glikemik terkendali (HbA1c < 8 %). Analisis data menggunakan program SPSS versi 15.0 meliputi analisis univariat, analisis bivariat dengan uji X2 (Chi-Square) dan X2 linier for trends, serta analisis multivariat dengan uji Multiple Logistic Regression metode Backward Conditional. Hasil Penelitian : Analisis multivariat menunjukkan faktor yang terbukti berpengaruh terhadap ketidakberhasilan pengendalian status glikemi, yaitu : Edukasi Dokter/Internist yang tidak adekuat (OR Adjusted = 8,35 ; 95% CI : 2,72 – 25,61), Sikap yang negatif (OR = 7,28 ; 95% CI : 2,01 – 26,32), Praktik yang tidak baik (OR = 4,55; 95% CI : 1,60– 12,93), dan Kebiasaan Olah Raga yang Tidak Baik (OR = 8,90; 95% CI : 3,17 – 24,99). Individu dengan faktor-faktor tersebut di atas memiliki probabilitas untuk tidak berhasil mengendalikan status glikemik sebesar 99,23 %. Adapun faktor-faktor yang tidak terbukti mempengaruhi ketidakberhasilan pengendalian status glikemik adalah Tingkat Pendidikan, Status Sosioekonomi, Edukasi Ahli Gizi, Pengetahuan, Pengaturan Diet, Obesitas, Pola Minum Obat dan Depresi. Kesimpulan : Edukasi Dokter/Internist yang tidak adekuat , Sikap yang negatif, Praktik yang tidak baik dan Kebiasaan Olah Raga yang tidak baik terbukti mempengaruhi ketidakberhasilan pengendalian status glikemik Kata Kunci : Studi Kasus-Kontrol, Status glikemik, Pengendalian Kepustakaan : 73 (1990-2008) PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com MASTER’S DEGREE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY CONSENTRATION OF HEALTH EPIDEMIOLOGY POST GRADUATE PROGRAM OF DIPONEGORO UNIVERSITY SEMARANG 2008 ABSTRACT LILY KRESNOWATI INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FACTORS THAT AFFECTING UNSUCCESFUL GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN TYPE II DM (CASE STUDY AT TPK YAKES TELKOM AREA JATENG & DIY) Background : Inadequacy of glycemic control in diabetes still becoming major health problems in many country, even in United States of America (US). Controlled glycemic status means that the level of HbA1c is within boundaries set by Consensus on Diabetes. This research is aimed to find out what are internal and external factors that affecting glycemic control in type II diabetes. Methods : This research is observational analytic epidemiological study using Case-Control design. Cases are outpatients in TPK and TPK Khusus which had been diagnosed as Type II diabetician with average HbA1c of the last 6 months classified as uncontrolled (HbA1c > 8%), and Controls are those with average HbA1c controlled (HbA1c < 8%). Datas are analyzed by SPSS Program version 15.0 including univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using X2 (Chi-Square test) and X2 linier for trends, and multivariate analysis using Multiple logistic regression with Backward conditional method. Results : Multivariate analysis shows that factors which proved to affect glycemic control are : Inadequate Education from Doctor/Internist (OR Adjusted = 8,35 ; 95% CI : 2,72 – 25,62), Negative Attitude (OR = 7,28; 95% CI : 2,02 – 26,31), Bad Practice (OR = 4,55; 95% CI: 1,60 – 12,93), and Inadequate Exercises (OR = 8,90; 95% CI : 3,17 – 24,99). Individual with those factors has probability to unsuccesful glycemic control up to 99,23%. Factors which are not proved to affect glycemic control are : Level of Education, Socioeconomic status, Education from Nutritionist, Knowledge, Dietetic Arrangements, Drug-taking Patterns, Obesity, and Depression. Conclusion : Factors that proved to affect unsuccessful glycemic control are : Inadequate Education from Doctor/Internist, Negative Attitude, Bad Practice, and Inadequate Exercises. Keywords : Case-Control, Glycemic status, Control Bibliography : 73 (1990 – 2008) PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.co

Farm to Restaurant: Exploring the Availability of Locally Grown Food and Obstacles to Its Use in Seacoast New Hampshire Restaurants

The United States is among the top agricultural producers in the world in total revenue, behind onlyChina and India. As of recently there has been an important trend toward buying and using locally grown food in New England. This project focuses on local food use in restaurants in the Seacoast region of New Hampshire. The research takes into account theperspectives of all members of the marketing chain and seeks to identify what information these individuals are missing about the availability of local food products as well as the purchasing habits of restaurants. To carry out our research my research partner and I conducted an interview-based survey of local restaurants. The results showed a wide range of behavior across restaurants in regards to purchasing decisions. We hope our findings will facilitate better communication between all members of the marketing chain and make local food more available to consumers at restaurants

Letter from the Editor

A summary of the first issue of New and Dangerous Ideas

Time-Dependent Effects of Stress on Cocaine Conditioned Place Preference Using a Rat Model of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) affects approximately 8% of the entire population within their lifetimes. A startling trend of co-occurring PTSD and cocaine use has surfaced among humans who express these disorders. The present study employed the rat model of PTSD, Single Prolonged Stress, to examine the effects of stress on the rewarding properties of cocaine. Place conditioning was used to specifically evaluate differences between animals that had undergone a post-stress delay of conditioning in comparison to animals that were not delayed. This delay before conditioning, or incubation period, is a time spent undisturbed in the home cage for 10-days post-stress and has been implicated as the phase in which many of the physiological, neurochemical and behavioral changes observed in humans who have experienced stress take place. Although cocaine conditioned place preference was observed, no significant differences were detected between animals that were not stressed, stressed but not incubated, or stressed and then incubated. These results suggest that it is possible that the changes that are understood to take place within this incubation period did not directly influence cocaine reward, or that they did not take place. Future work should focus on examining different drugs, in addition to including additional testing intervals, and varying drug dose

Case-based analysis in user requirements modelling for knowledge construction

Context: Learning can be regarded as knowledge construction in which prior knowledge and experience serve as basis for the learners to expand their knowledge base. Such a process of knowledge construction has to take place continuously in order to enhance the learners’ competence in a competitive working environment. As the information consumers, the individual users demand personalised information provision which meets their own specific purposes, goals, and expectations. Objectives: The current methods in requirements engineering are capable of modelling the common user’s behaviour in the domain of knowledge construction. The users’ requirements can be represented as a case in the defined structure which can be reasoned to enable the requirements analysis. Such analysis needs to be enhanced so that personalised information provision can be tackled and modelled. However, there is a lack of suitable modelling methods to achieve this end. This paper presents a new ontological method for capturing individual user’s requirements and transforming the requirements onto personalised information provision specifications. Hence the right information can be provided to the right user for the right purpose. Method: An experiment was conducted based on the qualitative method. A medium size of group of users participated to validate the method and its techniques, i.e. articulates, maps, configures, and learning content. The results were used as the feedback for the improvement. Result: The research work has produced an ontology model with a set of techniques which support the functions for profiling user’s requirements, reasoning requirements patterns, generating workflow from norms, and formulating information provision specifications. Conclusion: The current requirements engineering approaches provide the methodical capability for developing solutions. Our research outcome, i.e. the ontology model with the techniques, can further enhance the RE approaches for modelling the individual user’s needs and discovering the user’s requirements

Dry Bean Pest Scouting Report

A survey of dry bean pests was conducted on farms in Vermont during the 2015 season. Pests were scouted on four Vermont farm locations in the towns of Alburgh, North Hero, Glover, and Danby. Disease and insect samples were taken and identified with assistance from the UVM Plant Diagnostic Laboratory. The primary and secondary fungal and bacterial diseases documented on dry beans in Vermont are listed in Table 1