COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF METAPHORICAL MODELS OF THE CONCEPTUAL SOURCE DOMAIN LAW IN THE AMERICAN AND RUSSIAN PAROEMIC DISCOURSES

Abstract. The article focuses on the comparative analysis of metaphorical modeling of the conceptual source domain law in Russian and American paroemic discourses. The objective of the article is to compare verbalization of the conceptual source domain law in the paroemic views of the world by the American and Russian peoples. The verbalization of the conceptual source domain law is analyzed with the help of a systemic approach. During the research both linguistic and cognitive methods have been used. In the paper, the law is viewed in a broad meaning of the word: as a system of rules, which all the people of a country must follow; as the body of obligatory norms regulating relations in the society. The description of metaphorical models is one of the perspective trends in modern cognitive linguistics.The man prefigures model of the situation and a target specific fragment of the world (natural, social or cultural) in his consciousness with the help of the language and the metaphor; this suggests that the metaphor helps to create a new way of representing an object and may be considered a phenomenon both linguistic and cognitive. Metaphors used in proverbs and sayings create a specific national paroemic picture of the world which can be presented as an “integrated communicative and cognitive space”. Ontological, spatial and structural metaphors of different types are described in the paper. Metaphorical model is viewed as an idiomatic structure, a certain type of relations between source and targetdomains. In any metaphorical model, the components provide similarity but not direct identification. The analysis of the frame structure of metaphorical models allows revealing characteristic frames and slots typical of each model in order to find out universal and specific features of the world conceptualization by peoples and their system of values.Key words: Russian paroemic discourse, American paroemic discourse, metaphorical model, conceptualdomain law, frame, slot

GENDER-MARKED IDIOMS DEFINING A MALE PERSON IN TATAR AND ENGLISH

Abstract. Gender studies represent an intensively developing field of knowledge. Gender means a set ofconcepts and norms of behavior, usually associated with persons of male and female gender. Gender issues are at the center of a new interdisciplinary field of human sciences, called “gender studies”. The main concept of the categorical apparatus of this direction is “gender” (sociocultural sex), which involves the study of male and female behavior, thinking, and communication. Gender has an all-pervasive ability, which determines its arrangement in the collective and individual consciousness. Phraseological units are a vivid example of the embodiment in the language of characterological features of the worldview of representatives of a particular linguistic community and the means of historical translation of the cultural attitudes of the native speaker of a language. Being stereotypes of the people's consciousness, they serve as a valuable source of information about the people's perceptions, behavior and attitude to this or that phenomenon of culture and represent a fragment of the language picture of the world. This article, firstly, seeks to outline the main steps that gender studies have taken in the field of Tatar and English phraseology. Secondly, it shows the general criteria of selecting gender-specific phraseological units from lexicographic sources. Thirdly, it analyses gender-specific phraseological units nominating a male person in the Tatar and English languages in the comparative aspect.Keywords: gender marked phraseology, phraseological unit, male gender, Tatar, English, comparative study

Semantic Field of `Wish/Desire' in the Tatar Language

The problems of interdependence of linguocognitive and linguoculturological advanced the cognitive approach in language learning to the forefront. Considering linguistic and extralinguistic knowledge as a comprehensive whole conditioned by correlation between language, thinking, world image, national and cultural peculiarities and human world. In the 21st century each language is like a determining feature of a man, which serves the purposes of communication and is the store of information, accumulated by speech community, as well as fountain of national originality and cultural values. It is the language that is a means of knowing the language speaker, approach to his consciousness, to the discrete units-concepts, national lexemes, language units. One cognizes the linguistic world image and national picture of the world through the linguistic categories

Semantic Field of ‘Wish/Desire’ in the Tatar Language

The problems of interdependence of linguocognitive and linguoculturological advanced the cognitive approach in language learning to the forefront. Considering linguistic and extralinguistic knowledge as a comprehensive whole conditioned by correlation between language, thinking, world image, national and cultural peculiarities and human world. In the 21st century each language is like a determining feature of a man, which serves the purposes of communication and is the store of information, accumulated by speech community, as well as fountain of national originality and cultural values. It is the language that is a means of knowing the language speaker, approach to his consciousness, to the discrete units–concepts, national lexemes, language units. One cognizes the linguistic world image and national picture of the world through the linguistic categories. In connection with the above-mentioned, we are interested in analyzing a linguistic category / a concept that expresses the semantic category such as wish/desire in the Tatar language. In the process of studying the linguistic category “wish” and revealing the linguistic means in Tatar, we have found that “wish” acquires a variety of means of linguistic representation – lexically full-value units, syntactic word-combinations, morphological categories and others. For that reason, a diversity of means allowed of our believing that the representation of the structure of linguistic category “wish/desire” in the Tatar language as a functional-semantic field of desire is perspective

Analysis of Modular and Rhythmic Members in Design Masterpieces

The article is devoted to the description of the practical and theoretical development of the formal sphere and will be useful for practitioners, theorists of design art, students, future designers. But this is impossible without extensive and solid knowledge of the objective, evolutionary development of form in the visual arts. We see one of the solutions to this problem as developed by the authors of the analytical schematic tasks presented in this article. Thus, thanks to the analysis of formal components in the creative products of well-known personalities, the student will be more ready to create their own copyright works.El artículo está dedicado a la descripción del desarrollo práctico y teórico de la esfera formal y será útil para profesionales, teóricos del arte del diseño, estudiantes, futuros diseñadores. Pero esto es imposible sin un conocimiento extenso y sólido del desarrollo objetivo y evolutivo de la forma en las artes visuales. Vemos una de las soluciones a este problema desarrollada por los autores de las tareas analíticas esquemáticas presentadas en este artículo. Por lo tanto, gracias al análisis de componentes formales en los productos creativos de personalidades conocidas, el estudiante estará más preparado para crear sus propios trabajos con derechos de autor

Semantic Field of `Wish/Desire' in the Tatar Language

The problems of interdependence of linguocognitive and linguoculturological advanced the cognitive approach in language learning to the forefront. Considering linguistic and extralinguistic knowledge as a comprehensive whole conditioned by correlation between language, thinking, world image, national and cultural peculiarities and human world. In the 21st century each language is like a determining feature of a man, which serves the purposes of communication and is the store of information, accumulated by speech community, as well as fountain of national originality and cultural values. It is the language that is a means of knowing the language speaker, approach to his consciousness, to the discrete units-concepts, national lexemes, language units. One cognizes the linguistic world image and national picture of the world through the linguistic categories