26 research outputs found

    Identificaci贸n y validaci贸n funcional de nuevos genes y mutaciones asociadas a la etiolog铆a de la insuficiencia ov谩rica primaria (IOP) : implicaci贸n de los genes BMP15, BMPR2, MSH4, ATG7, ATG9A y NOTCH2

    No full text
    La insuficiencia ov谩rica primaria (IOP) es una patolog铆a frecuente que afecta del 1% al 3% de las mujeres de la poblaci贸n general menores de 40 a帽os. No existen datos espec铆ficos en la poblaci贸n colombiana, lo cual ser铆a un punto importante a determinar teniendo en cuenta que se ha reportado que esta prevalencia puede variar seg煤n el origen 茅tnico de las pacientes. La IOP se caracteriza cl铆nicamente por la ausencia (amenorrea primaria) o el cese de la ovulaci贸n durante al menos cuatro meses (amenorrea secundaria), con un aumento de los valores plasm谩ticos de FSH (hormona fol铆culo estimulante). Aunque se han relacionado causas autoinmunes, metab贸licas, infecciosas e iatrog茅nicas, en la mayor铆a de los casos su etiolog铆a es desconocida, lo que sugiere posibles causas gen茅ticas. A pesar de numerosos intentos por determinar estas causas, solo algunos genes han sido relacionados funcionalmente con la etiolog铆a de esta enfermedad. En esta tesis de Doctorado se realiz贸 la identificaci贸n y la validaci贸n de nuevas variantes y/o nuevos genes asociados a la etiolog铆a de la IOP. Este trabajo de tesis se divide en dos cap铆tulos, en el primero se describe la identificaci贸n de variantes en el gen BMP15 y la evaluaci贸n de c贸mo las mutaciones en este gen contribuyen a la disfunci贸n ov谩rica. Para esto se evalu贸 el efecto de 10 mutaciones en BMP15 respecto a la producci贸n del p茅ptido maduro, la activaci贸n de la se帽alizaci贸n de la v铆a SMAD y la sinergia con GDF9. La genotipificaci贸n de BMP15 en 35 pacientes Colombianas permiti贸 la identificaci贸n de una variante nueva (c.986C>G-p.Arg329His) y una variante previamente reportada (c.581T>C, p.Phe194Ser). La evaluaci贸n funcional de estas variantes, junto con otras 8 identificadas previamente, indic贸 que las mutaciones p.Leu148Phe, p.Phe194Ser y p.Tyr235Cys, est谩n relacionadas con la reducci贸n en la producci贸n del p茅ptido maduro. Las mutaciones p.Arg138His, p.Ala180Thr y p.Arg329His redujeron la actividad de BMP15 aproximadamente cuatro veces en relaci贸n con la prote铆na WT (wild type) y las variantes p.Arg68Trp, p.Phe194Ser y p.Asn196Lys redujeron la sinergia de BMP15 con GDF9. Estos resultados sugieren que las mutaciones en BMP15 alteran la funci贸n ov谩rica por diferentes mecanismos. El segundo cap铆tulo se focaliza en la identificaci贸n de mutaciones con un efecto moderado/severo que puedan estar potencialmente relacionadas con la etiolog铆a de la IOP mediante NGS (secuenciaci贸n de siguiente generaci贸n). Se tuvieron en cuenta tres aproximaciones: la primera consisti贸 en el dise帽o de un subset de genes candidatos para la secuenciaci贸n espec铆fica de la regi贸n codificante de 70 genes, la segunda se centr贸 en la secuenciaci贸n de exoma en una familia afectada por IOP y la tercera se enfoc贸 en la secuenciaci贸n de exoma en pacientes no relacionados (casos no familiares). Estas aproximaciones permitieron la identificaci贸n de aproximadamente 60 variantes posiblemente relacionadas con la etiolog铆a de la IOP. Adicionalmente, se encontr贸 que algunas pacientes eran portadoras de al menos dos variantes en diferentes genes, este hallazgo refuerza la hip贸tesis sobre la etiolog铆a polig茅nica de esta enfermedad. Finalmente, se describe la validaci贸n funcional de algunas de las mutaciones identificadas. Estos ensayos experimentales in vitro permitieron confirmar que las mutaciones en los genes: BMPR2 (c.2960C>T-p.Ser987Phe), MSH4 (c.2355+1G>A-p.Ile743_Arg785del), ATG7 (c.1209T>A-p.Phe403Leu), ATG9A (c.2272C>T-p.Arg758Cys) y NOTCH2 (c.5411C>T-p.Ser1804L, c.6947>T-p.Ala2316Val y c.7075C>G-p.Pro2359A) modifican la funci贸n cada una de las prote铆nas WT (wild type). sugiriendo una contribuci贸n a la etiolog铆a de la IOP. La identificaci贸n de nuevos genes y de variantes potencialmente delet茅reas, as铆 como su validaci贸n a trav茅s de estudios funcionales, permiti贸 aportar nuevo conocimiento en la etiolog铆a molecular de la IOP. Estos hallazgos pueden ser utilizados para prop贸sitos diagn贸sticos y/o pron贸sticos de la enfermedad.Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a frequent pathology affecting 1% - 3% of women from the general population under 40 years old. There are not specific data related Colombian population, however, this could be an interesting point to be determinate taking account the variation of POI prevalence according ethnical origin. POI is characterized by the absence (primary amenorrhea) or the cessation of ovulation (secondary amenorrhea) for at least four months, as well as high plasmatic levels of FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone). Autoimmune, metabolic, infectious and iatrogenic causes have been related to the disease pathogenesis. However, in the majority of cases, the aetiology remains undiscovered. Despite numerous attempts to identify these genetic causes, only a few genes have been functionally related to POI鈥檚 etiology. This Ph.D. thesis focuses on the identification and functional validation of new variants and/or new genes related to POI鈥檚 etiology. This manuscript is divided in two chapters. The first one describes the identification of new BMP15 variants and the evaluation of how these variants may contribute to ovarian dysfunction. The effect of ten BMP15 mutations in mature peptide production, activation of SMAD signaling and GDF9 synergy were assessed. The BMP15 screening on 35 Colombian patients led to the identification of a new variant (c.986C>G-p.Arg329His) and a previously reported one (c.581T>C, p.Phe194Ser) associated with POI. Assessing the expression/activity of these and other 8 BMP15 mutants allowed to describe that: (1) multiple variants, including p.Leu148Phe, p.Phe194Ser and p.Tyr235Cys reduced mature protein production; (2) other variants (p.Arg138His, p.Ala180Thr and p.Arg329His) displayed lower the activity than wild-type BMP15; and (3) some variants (p.Arg68Trp, p.Phe194Ser and p.Asn196Lys) reduced GDF9 synergy. These results showed that BMP15 mutations can disrupt ovarian function through different mechanisms. The second chapter focuses on the identification of rare variants with a moderate/severe effect potentially related to POI鈥檚 etiology. For this purpose, we used NGS (Next Generation Sequencing). We used account three approaches: the first one was performed on a gene subset (n=70). The second one was based on whole exome sequencing (WES) assays in a family affected by POI. The third one was performed using WES in non-related patients (non-familial cases). These approaches led to the identification of approximately 60 variants possibly related to POI鈥檚 etiology. Furthermore, the identification of patients with at least two mutations in different genes argued in favor of a polygenic nature of POI. Finally, we performed the functional validation of some mutations. These in vitro assays confirmed that mutations in BMPR2 (c.2960C>T-p.Ser987Phe), MSH4 (c.2355+1G>A-p.Ile743_Arg785del), ATG7 (c.1209T>A-p.Phe403Leu), ATG9A (c.2272C>T-p.Arg758Cys) and NOTCH2 (c.5411C>T-p.Ser1804L, c.6947>T-p.Ala2316Val and c.7075C>G-p.Pro2359A) genes could modify the WT protein function and suggesting contribute to POI etiology

    Identificaci贸n y validaci贸n funcional de nuevos genes y mutaciones asociadas a la etiolog铆a de la insuficiencia ov谩rica primaria (IOP) : implicaci贸n de los genes BMP15, BMPR2, MSH4, ATG7, ATG9A y NOTCH2

    No full text
    La insuficiencia ov谩rica primaria (IOP) es una patolog铆a frecuente que afecta del 1% al 3% de las mujeres de la poblaci贸n general menores de 40 a帽os. No existen datos espec铆ficos en la poblaci贸n colombiana, lo cual ser铆a un punto importante a determinar teniendo en cuenta que se ha reportado que esta prevalencia puede variar seg煤n el origen 茅tnico de las pacientes. La IOP se caracteriza cl铆nicamente por la ausencia (amenorrea primaria) o el cese de la ovulaci贸n durante al menos cuatro meses (amenorrea secundaria), con un aumento de los valores plasm谩ticos de FSH (hormona fol铆culo estimulante). Aunque se han relacionado causas autoinmunes, metab贸licas, infecciosas e iatrog茅nicas, en la mayor铆a de los casos su etiolog铆a es desconocida, lo que sugiere posibles causas gen茅ticas. A pesar de numerosos intentos por determinar estas causas, solo algunos genes han sido relacionados funcionalmente con la etiolog铆a de esta enfermedad. En esta tesis de Doctorado se realiz贸 la identificaci贸n y la validaci贸n de nuevas variantes y/o nuevos genes asociados a la etiolog铆a de la IOP. Este trabajo de tesis se divide en dos cap铆tulos, en el primero se describe la identificaci贸n de variantes en el gen BMP15 y la evaluaci贸n de c贸mo las mutaciones en este gen contribuyen a la disfunci贸n ov谩rica. Para esto se evalu贸 el efecto de 10 mutaciones en BMP15 respecto a la producci贸n del p茅ptido maduro, la activaci贸n de la se帽alizaci贸n de la v铆a SMAD y la sinergia con GDF9. La genotipificaci贸n de BMP15 en 35 pacientes Colombianas permiti贸 la identificaci贸n de una variante nueva (c.986C>G-p.Arg329His) y una variante previamente reportada (c.581T>C, p.Phe194Ser). La evaluaci贸n funcional de estas variantes, junto con otras 8 identificadas previamente, indic贸 que las mutaciones p.Leu148Phe, p.Phe194Ser y p.Tyr235Cys, est谩n relacionadas con la reducci贸n en la producci贸n del p茅ptido maduro. Las mutaciones p.Arg138His, p.Ala180Thr y p.Arg329His redujeron la actividad de BMP15 aproximadamente cuatro veces en relaci贸n con la prote铆na WT (wild type) y las variantes p.Arg68Trp, p.Phe194Ser y p.Asn196Lys redujeron la sinergia de BMP15 con GDF9. Estos resultados sugieren que las mutaciones en BMP15 alteran la funci贸n ov谩rica por diferentes mecanismos. El segundo cap铆tulo se focaliza en la identificaci贸n de mutaciones con un efecto moderado/severo que puedan estar potencialmente relacionadas con la etiolog铆a de la IOP mediante NGS (secuenciaci贸n de siguiente generaci贸n). Se tuvieron en cuenta tres aproximaciones: la primera consisti贸 en el dise帽o de un subset de genes candidatos para la secuenciaci贸n espec铆fica de la regi贸n codificante de 70 genes, la segunda se centr贸 en la secuenciaci贸n de exoma en una familia afectada por IOP y la tercera se enfoc贸 en la secuenciaci贸n de exoma en pacientes no relacionados (casos no familiares). Estas aproximaciones permitieron la identificaci贸n de aproximadamente 60 variantes posiblemente relacionadas con la etiolog铆a de la IOP. Adicionalmente, se encontr贸 que algunas pacientes eran portadoras de al menos dos variantes en diferentes genes, este hallazgo refuerza la hip贸tesis sobre la etiolog铆a polig茅nica de esta enfermedad. Finalmente, se describe la validaci贸n funcional de algunas de las mutaciones identificadas. Estos ensayos experimentales in vitro permitieron confirmar que las mutaciones en los genes: BMPR2 (c.2960C>T-p.Ser987Phe), MSH4 (c.2355+1G>A-p.Ile743_Arg785del), ATG7 (c.1209T>A-p.Phe403Leu), ATG9A (c.2272C>T-p.Arg758Cys) y NOTCH2 (c.5411C>T-p.Ser1804L, c.6947>T-p.Ala2316Val y c.7075C>G-p.Pro2359A) modifican la funci贸n cada una de las prote铆nas WT (wild type). sugiriendo una contribuci贸n a la etiolog铆a de la IOP. La identificaci贸n de nuevos genes y de variantes potencialmente delet茅reas, as铆 como su validaci贸n a trav茅s de estudios funcionales, permiti贸 aportar nuevo conocimiento en la etiolog铆a molecular de la IOP. Estos hallazgos pueden ser utilizados para prop贸sitos diagn贸sticos y/o pron贸sticos de la enfermedad.Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a frequent pathology affecting 1% - 3% of women from the general population under 40 years old. There are not specific data related Colombian population, however, this could be an interesting point to be determinate taking account the variation of POI prevalence according ethnical origin. POI is characterized by the absence (primary amenorrhea) or the cessation of ovulation (secondary amenorrhea) for at least four months, as well as high plasmatic levels of FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone). Autoimmune, metabolic, infectious and iatrogenic causes have been related to the disease pathogenesis. However, in the majority of cases, the aetiology remains undiscovered. Despite numerous attempts to identify these genetic causes, only a few genes have been functionally related to POI鈥檚 etiology. This Ph.D. thesis focuses on the identification and functional validation of new variants and/or new genes related to POI鈥檚 etiology. This manuscript is divided in two chapters. The first one describes the identification of new BMP15 variants and the evaluation of how these variants may contribute to ovarian dysfunction. The effect of ten BMP15 mutations in mature peptide production, activation of SMAD signaling and GDF9 synergy were assessed. The BMP15 screening on 35 Colombian patients led to the identification of a new variant (c.986C>G-p.Arg329His) and a previously reported one (c.581T>C, p.Phe194Ser) associated with POI. Assessing the expression/activity of these and other 8 BMP15 mutants allowed to describe that: (1) multiple variants, including p.Leu148Phe, p.Phe194Ser and p.Tyr235Cys reduced mature protein production; (2) other variants (p.Arg138His, p.Ala180Thr and p.Arg329His) displayed lower the activity than wild-type BMP15; and (3) some variants (p.Arg68Trp, p.Phe194Ser and p.Asn196Lys) reduced GDF9 synergy. These results showed that BMP15 mutations can disrupt ovarian function through different mechanisms. The second chapter focuses on the identification of rare variants with a moderate/severe effect potentially related to POI鈥檚 etiology. For this purpose, we used NGS (Next Generation Sequencing). We used account three approaches: the first one was performed on a gene subset (n=70). The second one was based on whole exome sequencing (WES) assays in a family affected by POI. The third one was performed using WES in non-related patients (non-familial cases). These approaches led to the identification of approximately 60 variants possibly related to POI鈥檚 etiology. Furthermore, the identification of patients with at least two mutations in different genes argued in favor of a polygenic nature of POI. Finally, we performed the functional validation of some mutations. These in vitro assays confirmed that mutations in BMPR2 (c.2960C>T-p.Ser987Phe), MSH4 (c.2355+1G>A-p.Ile743_Arg785del), ATG7 (c.1209T>A-p.Phe403Leu), ATG9A (c.2272C>T-p.Arg758Cys) and NOTCH2 (c.5411C>T-p.Ser1804L, c.6947>T-p.Ala2316Val and c.7075C>G-p.Pro2359A) genes could modify the WT protein function and suggesting contribute to POI etiology

    Caracterizaci贸n de la prote铆na del cuello de las roptrias 5 en plasmodium falciparum (PfRON5)

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    El conocimiento de las prote铆nas implicadas en el proceso de invasi贸n de los merozoitos a los eritrocitos por Plasmodium es el punto de partida para el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias para controlar la malaria. Muchas de estas prote铆nas han sido estudiadas en Toxoplasma gondii, donde se han identificado las prote铆nas que pertenecen al Tight Junction (TJ), el cual permite una interacci贸n fuerte entre las membranas de la c茅lula hu茅sped y el par谩sito, necesaria para la invasi贸n parasitaria. En este g茅nero, cuatro prote铆nas del cuello de las roptrias (RON2, RON4, RON5 y RON8) y una prote铆na de micronemas (TgAMA-1) se han encontrado como parte del TJ. En Plasmodium falciparum, se han caracterizado las prote铆nas PfRON2 y PfRON4. En el presente estudio se realiza la identificaci贸n de la prote铆na PfRON5, una prote铆na de ~110 kDa que se expresa en las etapas de merozoitos y esquizontes de la cepa FCB-2 utilizando t茅cnicas de biolog铆a molecular, bioinform谩tica e inmuoqu铆mica.Gathering knowledge about the proteins involved in erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium merozoites is the starting point for developing new strategies to control malarial disease. Many of these proteins have been studied in Toxoplasma gondii, where some belonging to the Moving Junction complex have been identified. This complex allows a strong interaction between host cell and parasite membranes, required for parasite invasion. In this genus, four rhoptry proteins (RON2, RON4, RON5 and RON8) and one micronemal protein (TgAMA-1) have been found as part of the complex. In Plasmodium falciparum, RON2 and RON4 have been characterized. In the present study, we identify PfRON5, a ~110 kDa protein which is expressed in merozoite and schizont stages of the FCB-2 strain using techniques of molecular biology, bioinformatics and inmuochemistry.Fundaci贸n Instituto de Inmunolog铆a de Colombi

    Caracterizaci贸n de la prote铆na del cuello de las roptrias 5 en plasmodium falciparum (PfRON5)

    No full text
    El conocimiento de las prote铆nas implicadas en el proceso de invasi贸n de los merozoitos a los eritrocitos por Plasmodium es el punto de partida para el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias para controlar la malaria. Muchas de estas prote铆nas han sido estudiadas en Toxoplasma gondii, donde se han identificado las prote铆nas que pertenecen al Tight Junction (TJ), el cual permite una interacci贸n fuerte entre las membranas de la c茅lula hu茅sped y el par谩sito, necesaria para la invasi贸n parasitaria. En este g茅nero, cuatro prote铆nas del cuello de las roptrias (RON2, RON4, RON5 y RON8) y una prote铆na de micronemas (TgAMA-1) se han encontrado como parte del TJ. En Plasmodium falciparum, se han caracterizado las prote铆nas PfRON2 y PfRON4. En el presente estudio se realiza la identificaci贸n de la prote铆na PfRON5, una prote铆na de ~110 kDa que se expresa en las etapas de merozoitos y esquizontes de la cepa FCB-2 utilizando t茅cnicas de biolog铆a molecular, bioinform谩tica e inmuoqu铆mica.Gathering knowledge about the proteins involved in erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium merozoites is the starting point for developing new strategies to control malarial disease. Many of these proteins have been studied in Toxoplasma gondii, where some belonging to the Moving Junction complex have been identified. This complex allows a strong interaction between host cell and parasite membranes, required for parasite invasion. In this genus, four rhoptry proteins (RON2, RON4, RON5 and RON8) and one micronemal protein (TgAMA-1) have been found as part of the complex. In Plasmodium falciparum, RON2 and RON4 have been characterized. In the present study, we identify PfRON5, a ~110 kDa protein which is expressed in merozoite and schizont stages of the FCB-2 strain using techniques of molecular biology, bioinformatics and inmuochemistry.Fundaci贸n Instituto de Inmunolog铆a de Colombi

    A potential functional association between mutant BMPR2 and primary ovarian insufficiency

    No full text
    Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) affects ~1% of women in the general population. Despite numerous attempts at identifying POI genetic aetiology, coding mutations in only a few genes have been functionally related to POI pathogenesis. It has been suggested that mutant BMPR2 might contribute towards the phenotype. Several BMP15 (a BMPR2 ligand) coding mutations in human species have been related to POI pathogenesis. The BMPR2 p.Ser987Phe mutation, previously identified in a woman with POI, might therefore lead to cellular dysfunction contributing to the phenotype. To explore such an assumption, the present study assessed potential pathogenic subcellular localization/aggregation patterns associated with the p.Ser987Phe mutant form of BMPR2 in a relevant model for studying ovarian function. A significant increase in protein-like aggregation patterns was identified at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) which permitted us to establish, for the first time, a potential functional association between mutant BMPR2 and POI aetiology. Since BMPR2 mutant forms were previously related to idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, BMPR2 mutations may be related to an as-yet-to-be described syndromic form of POI involving pulmonary dysfunction. Additional assays are necessary to confirm that BMPR2 abnormal subcellular patterns are composed by aggregates. Abbreviations: POI: primary ovarian insufficiency; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; NGS: next generation sequencing. 漏 2017 Taylor and Francis

    A potential functional association between mutant BMPR2 and primary ovarian insufficiency

    No full text
    Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) affects ~1% of women in the general population. Despite numerous attempts at identifying POI genetic aetiology, coding mutations in only a few genes have been functionally related to POI pathogenesis. It has been suggested that mutant BMPR2 might contribute towards the phenotype. Several BMP15 (a BMPR2 ligand) coding mutations in human species have been related to POI pathogenesis. The BMPR2 p.Ser987Phe mutation, previously identified in a woman with POI, might therefore lead to cellular dysfunction contributing to the phenotype. To explore such an assumption, the present study assessed potential pathogenic subcellular localization/aggregation patterns associated with the p.Ser987Phe mutant form of BMPR2 in a relevant model for studying ovarian function. A significant increase in protein-like aggregation patterns was identified at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) which permitted us to establish, for the first time, a potential functional association between mutant BMPR2 and POI aetiology. Since BMPR2 mutant forms were previously related to idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, BMPR2 mutations may be related to an as-yet-to-be described syndromic form of POI involving pulmonary dysfunction. Additional assays are necessary to confirm that BMPR2 abnormal subcellular patterns are composed by aggregates. Abbreviations: POI: primary ovarian insufficiency; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; NGS: next generation sequencing. 漏 2017 Taylor and Francis

    Efecto del Mercurius-Heel庐s sobre la citotoxicidad de fibroblastos gingivales humanos en un modelo in vitro

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    Periodontal disease is pathology of infectious origin, characterized because it causes destructive consequences to the supporting tissue of the tooth, its treatment is aimed at the destruction of the etiologic agents and to the periodontal regeneration. An alternative is the use of homeo-pathic agents because they are natural and are managed to very low concentrations, one of them is the Mercurius Heel 庐 S as an adjunctive therapy in infectious diseases. In this work, we present the results of an investigation whose objective was to evaluate the effect of Mercurius Heel庐 S on the viability of human gingival fibroblasts, which were undergoing treatment with Mercurius Heel庐 S for 15 minutes and two hours to concentrations from 300mg to 0.00006mg. After these times, the treatment was removed and the cells were maintained for 24, 48, and 72 more hours. It was followed by a colorimetric assay for cell viability and proliferation called MTS of Promega 庐.Human gingival fibroblasts treated with Mercurius Heel庐 S showed an increase in cell prolife-ration compared with the untreated cells. Low medication concentrations of 0.0001 mg and 0.00006 mg showed a greater proliferation showed greater statistically differences. Finally, the effect of Mercurius Heel庐 was maintained for the first 48 hours. Considering the above, the Mercurius Heel庐 did not provide any cytotoxic effect on human gingival fibroblasts; on the contrary, the cells proliferated, suggesting its usefulness as supplementary treatment for periodontal disease.La enfermedad periodontal es una patolog铆a de origen infeccioso, caracterizada por ocasionar secuelas destructivas al tejido de soporte del diente, y cuyo tratamiento va encaminado a la destrucci贸n de los agentes etiol贸gicos y a la regeneraci贸n periodontal. Una alternativa es el uso de agentes homeop谩ticos ya que son naturales y se administran a muy bajas concentraciones, uno de ellos es el Mercurius Heel庐 S como coadyuvante en enfermedades infecciosas. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de una investigaci贸n cuyo objetivo fue evaluar el efecto del Mercurius Heel庐 S en la viabilidad de fibroblastos gingivales humanos, que fueron sometidos a tratamiento con Mercurius Heel庐 S durante 15 minutos y dos horas a concentraciones desde 300mg hasta 0.00006mg. Transcurridos esos tiempos, se retir贸 el tratamiento y las c茅lulas fueron mantenidas durante 24, 48 y 72 horas m谩s. Posteriormente se realiz贸 un ensayo colorim茅trico de viabilidad y proliferaci贸n celular denominado MTS de promega庐Los fibroblastos gingivales humanos tratados con Mercurius Heel庐 S mostraron un aumento en la proliferaci贸n celular comparada con las c茅lulas no tratadas. Bajas concentraciones del medicamento 0,0001mg y 0,00006mg mostraron una mayor proliferaci贸n observando diferencias estad铆sticamente significativas. El tratamiento a 15 minutos mostr贸 mejores resultados con respecto al tratamiento de 2 horas con diferencias estad铆sticamente significativas tambi茅n. Finalmente el efecto del Mercurius Heel庐 se mantuvo hasta las primeras 48 horas. Considerando lo anterior, el Mercurius Heel庐 no present贸 ning煤n efecto citot贸xico en los fibroblastos gingivales; por el contrario, las c茅lulas proliferaron, lo que sugiere su utilidad como tratamiento complementario en la enfermedad periodontal

    Exome sequencing is an efficient tool for variant late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis molecular diagnosis

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    The neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses (NCL) is a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by epilepsy, visual failure, progressive mental and motor deterioration, myoclonus, dementia and reduced life expectancy. Classically, NCL-affected individuals have been classified into six categories, which have been mainly defined regarding the clinical onset of symptoms. However, some patients cannot be easily included in a specific group because of significant variation in the age of onset and disease progression. Molecular genetics has emerged in recent years as a useful tool for enhancing NCL subtype classification. Fourteen NCL genetic forms (CLN1 to CLN14) have been described to date. The variant late-infantile form of the disease has been linked to CLN5, CLN6, CLN7 (MFSD8) and CLN8 mutations. Despite advances in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders mutations in these genes may cause similar phenotypes, which rends difficult accurate candidate gene selection for direct sequencing. Three siblings who were affected by variant late-infantile NCL are reported in the present study. We used whole-exome sequencing, direct sequencing and in silico approaches to identify the molecular basis of the disease. We identified the novel c.1219T>C (p.Trp407Arg) and c.1361T>C (p.Met454Thr) MFSD8 pathogenic mutations. Our results highlighted next generation sequencing as a novel and powerful methodological approach for the rapid determination of the molecular diagnosis of NCL. They also provide information regarding the phenotypic and molecular spectrum of CLN7 disease. Copyright: 漏 2014 Pati帽o et al
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