Rotor/wing aerodynamic interactions in hover

An experimental and theoretical investigation of rotor/wing aerodynamic interactions in hover is described. The experimental investigation consisted of both a large-scale and small-scale test. A 0.658-scale, V-22 rotor and wing was used in the large-scale test. Wind download, wing surface pressure, rotor performance, and rotor downwash data from the large-scale test are presented. A small-scale experiment was conducted to determine how changes in the rotor/wing geometry affected the aerodynamic interactions. These geometry variations included the distance between the rotor and wing, wing incidence angle, and configurations both with the rotor axis at the tip of the wing (tilt rotor configuration) and with the rotor axis at the center of the wing (compound helicopter configuration). A wing with boundary-layer control was also tested to evaluate the effect of leading and trailing edge upper surface blowing on the wing download. A computationally efficient, semi-empirical theory was developed to predict the download on the wing. Finally, correlations between the theoretical predictions and test data are presented

Response of beef calves to handling and restraint in a chute

Ninety-eight Polled Hereford calves, averaging 215.13 &plusmn1.96 days of age at weaning and 92 Polled Hereford calves averaging 381.17 ± 1.98 days at postweaning were the subjects of an investigation of behavioral responses at the Tobacco Experiment Station (TES). At the Plateau Exper-iment Station (PES), 82 purebred Angus calves averaging 386=14 ± 1.83 to 223.66 ± 1.93 days at weaning and 91 purebred Angus calves averaging 386.14 ± 1.83 days at postweaning, also were included in the study. At weaning, three variables, pulse rate, respiration rate and visual score of behavior, were recorded for each calf in an approach chute and in a squeeze chute. At postweaning, body temperature also was measured. The differences in approach chute and squeeze chute values, as well as the means of the approach chute and squeeze chute values, were examined as to their correlation to production. In general, the means of the variables seemed to be more informa-tive with respect to response of the calves than did the differences. This is believed to be due to an elevated response in the approach chute, such that further elevations in response to psychological stress were limited. The relationship of the variables to each other and to production traits differed between stations and times. However, age as an effect could only be examined within weaning and postweaning times, and breed differences could not be examined, since time, breed and station were confounded. At TES, the variable with the treatest relationship to pro-duction seemed to be mean respiration rate. At PES, mean pulse rate appeared to be the most important variable at weaning. At postweaning, the calves responded differently to being worked. It can be hypothesized that the responses at postweaning-were reflective of environmental stimuli other than; psychological stress. Possibly at postweaning, the response to being worked was a response to mild psychological stress and that other physiological factors, such as sex, may in that case, over-ride the effect of a stress response

States of Childhood

A number of curious communities sprang up across the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century: simulated cities, states, and nations in which children played the roles of legislators, police officers, bankers, journalists, shopkeepers, and other adults. They performed real work—passing laws, growing food, and constructing buildings, among other tasks—inside virtual worlds. In this book, Jennifer Light examines the phenomena of “junior republics” and argues that they marked the transition to a new kind of “sheltered” childhood for American youth. Banished from the labor force and public life, children inhabited worlds that mirrored the one they had left. Light describes the invention of junior republics as independent institutions and how they were later established at schools, on playgrounds, in housing projects, and on city streets, as public officials discovered children's role playing helped their bottom line. The junior republic movement aligned with cutting-edge developmental psychology and educational philosophy, and complemented the era's fascination with models and miniatures, shaping educational and recreational programs across the nation. Light's account of how earlier generations distinguished "real life" from role playing reveals a hidden history of child labor in America and offers insights into the deep roots of such contemporary concepts as gamification, play labor, and virtuality

Reduction of tilt rotor download using circulation control

The effect of boundary layer control blowing on the download of a wing in the wake of a hovering rotor was measured in a small scale experiment. The objective was to evaluate the potential of boundary layer control blowing for reducing tilt rotor download. Variations were made in rotor thrust coefficient, blowing pressure ratio, and blowing slot height. The effect of these parameter variations on the wing download and wing surface pressures is presented. The boundary layer control blowing caused reductions in the wing download of 25 to 55 percent

A Phone Learning Model for Enhancing Productivity of Visually Impaired Civil Servants

Phone-based learning in civil service is the use of voice technologies to deliver learning and capacity building training services to government employees. The Internet revolution and advancement in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) have given rise to online and remote staff training for the purpose of enhancing workers productivity. The need for civil servants in Nigeria to develop capacity that will enhance knowledge is a key requirement to having competitive advantage in the work place. Existing online learning platforms (such as web-based learning, mobile learning, etc) did not consider the plight of the visually impaired. These platforms provide graphical interfaces that require sight to access. The visually impaired civil servants require auditory access to functionalities that exist in learning management system on the Internet. Thus a gap exist between the able-bodied and visually impaired civil servants on accessibility to e-learning platform. The objective of this paper is to provide a personalized telephone learning model and a prototype application that will enhance the productivity of the visually impaired workers in Government establishments in Nigeria. The model was designed using Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagram. The prototype application was implemented and evaluated. With the proposed model and application, the visually and mobility impaired worker are able to participate in routine staff training and consequently enhances their productivity just like their able-bodied counterparts. The prototype application also serves as an alternative training platform for the able-bodied workers. Future research direction for this study will include biometric authentication of learners accessing the applicatio

Digital culture : blurred boundaries and ethical considerations

The Weberian sense of work and life suggests that working is something around which the rest of life flows. Moreover, work life and domestic life have been defined as separate for most people based on physical structures. That is, being physically in a building at work limited your ability to interact with those who are not nearby — not part of work. As such, social conventions regarding the uses of media at work have become part of our cultural sensibilities — we ``know'' it is not proper to have romantic discourse over the office phone, much less romance during work! Doing so becomes news. Yet, despite the construction of such distinctions, these workspaces and places have always been difficult to render as such. For example, one might consider the relatively recent development of teleworking from the 1980s or the ``putting out system''1] which dates back to the 1400s — both requiring work in the home. The papers in this special issue draw our attention to some of the ethical issues raised by the growing pervasiveness of information and communications technologies (ICTs) in our everyday lives and the fact that it is becoming increasingly difficult to make distinctions between being somewhere (like work) and being away from some things (like one's friends, social interests and other parts of life that are not integrated into this space or place 2 )..

Atmospheric neutrons

Contributions to fast neutron measurements in the atmosphere are outlined. The results of a calculation to determine the production, distribution and final disappearance of atmospheric neutrons over the entire spectrum are presented. An attempt is made to answer questions that relate to processes such as neutron escape from the atmosphere and C-14 production. In addition, since variations of secondary neutrons can be related to variations in the primary radiation, comment on the modulation of both radiation components is made

Learning masculinities in a Japanese high school rugby club

This paper draws on research conducted on a Tokyo high school rugby club to explore diversity in the masculinities formed through membership in the club. Based on the premise that particular forms of masculinity are expressed and learnt through ways of playing (game style) and the attendant regimes of training, it examines the expression and learning of masculinities at three analytic levels. It identifies a hegemonic, culture-specific form of masculinity operating in Japanese high school rugby, a class-influenced variation of it at the institutional level of the school and, by further tightening its analytic focus, further variation at an individual level. In doing so this paper highlights the ways in which diversity in the masculinities constructed through contact sports can be obfuscated by a reductionist view of there being only one, universal hegemonic patterns of masculinity