‘What price widowhood?’ : The faded stardom of Norma Shearer

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016. This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of a chapter published in Lasting Screen Stars: Images that Fade and Personas that Endure. The final authenticated version is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-40733-7_6In this chapter, Lanckman uses fan magazines such as Photoplay to trace the star image of Norma Shearer from the mid1920s to the late 1930s. She focuses particularly on Shearer’s pre-Code films, such as The Divorcee, and on the treatment of the star’s 1927 marriage to MGM mogul Irving Thalberg. Ultimately, she argues that while Shearer’s stable marriage worked together with the films to create a narrative of egalitarian and liberated modernity, the star’s widowhood in 1936 alongside the more conservative nature of post-Code filmmaking condemned her to tragic and forgettable respectability.Final Accepted Versio

Achieving Gender Justice in Indonesia's Forest and Land Governance Sector: How Civil Society Organizations Can Respond to Mining and Plantation Industry Impacts

Land based industries, most significantly palm oil plantations, timber concessions and mining operations, are expanding quickly in Indonesia. With approximately 840,000 ha of forest loss per year (Margono et al 2014), Indonesia suffers the world's highest rate of deforestation. As civil society organizations (CSOs) implement forest conservation strategies and programs to respond to the issue of forest loss, there is a growing concern that they lack the ability to address gender justice, or more specifically, Gender, Environment and Development, one field of Gender and Development. 1 This weakness may undermine CSO's ability to ameliorate the gendered injustices that limit women and marginalized communities' participation in forest governance. It also limits CSO's ability to build grassroots constituencies, which are crucial for driving reform. Drawing on the Gender, Environment and Development literature, and a gender assessment of selected Indonesian environmental CSOs, this paper provides a brief overview of the major gender issues relevant to forest and land governance, and makes six recommendations to help CSOs develop more gender sensitive advocacy and programming. The paper aims to contribute to the overall objective of improving gender justice (including women's participation) in forest governance

Working Paper 07-09 - The Belgian environment industry (1995-2005)

This study presents an overview of the evolution of the size, the composition and the economic importance of the environment industry in Belgium between 1995 and 2005. It shows which industries are involved and which environmental domains are most important.Industry study, Environmental goods and services

European aid and health system strengthening : an analysis of donor approaches in the DRC, Ethiopia, Uganda, Mozambique and the global fund

ABSTRACT Background: In the field of international health assistance (IHA), there is a growing consensus on the limits of disease-specific interventions and the need for more health system strengthening (HSS). European donors are considered to be strong supporters of HSS. Nevertheless, little is known about how their support for HSS translates into concrete policies at partner country level. Furthermore, as development cooperation is a shared policy between the EU and its Member States, it remains unclear to what extent European donors share a similar approach. Objective: This article reviews a PhD thesis on European aid and HSS. The thesis investigated (1) the approaches of European donors towards IHA, and (2) the extent to which there are similarities or differences between them. An original analytical framework was developed to make a fine-grained analysis of European donors’ approaches in the DRC, Ethiopia, Uganda and Mozambique. In addition, the relation of European donors with the Global Fund was investigated. Methods: An abductive research approach was used during which literature review, data generation, analysis and research design mutually influenced each other. The research built on a wide range of empirical data, including semi-structured interviews with 123 respondents, policy documents and descriptive statistical analysis. Results and conclusion: Four ‘types’ of European donors were identified, which vary in their focus (issue-specific versus comprehensive) and their level of support to and involvement of recipient states. Despite this heterogeneity at a specific level, there is still a general degree of ‘unity’ among European donors, especially compared with the US. Yet, there are signs that the ‘transatlantic’ divide on HSS may be converging, as European donors tend to focus more explicitly on result-oriented approaches traditionally associated with the US and Global Health Initiatives. Consequently, European donors play a limited role in bringing HSS more to the forefront in IHA

KAJIAN KESEIMBANGAN AIR ANTARA KEBUTUHAN DENGAN PEMANENAN AIR DI KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA (UPI)

Sebagai sebuah lembaga pendidikan, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia memiliki kesadaran akan pemakaian air dengan jumlah besar untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan air warganya. Selain itu, pembangunan fasilitas pendidikan seperti gedung-gedung telah berhasil mengurangi lahan resapan air di kampus UPI. Jumlah air yang digunakan UPI tersebut menjadi tanggungjawab UPI dalam memanen kembali air yang telah digunakan oleh warga kampus UPI maupun kemampuan panen air yang hilang oleh pembangunan gedung-gedung yang menghilangkan lahan resapan di kampus UPI. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghitung kebutuhan air warga kampus UPI dalam hitungan per bulan, menghitung kemamampuan UPI dalam memanen air di wilayah kampus UPI dalam hitungan per bulan, menghitung pengurangan kemampuan pemanenan air akibat penutupan lahan oleh bangunan, mengkaji keseimbangan air antara pemakaian dan pemanenan di kampus UPI, merekomendasikan upaya menjaga keseimbangan air di wilayah kampus UPI. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan statistik sederhana untuk menghitung kebutuhan air, serta menggunakan beberapa metode untuk kajian hidrologi diantaranya adalah metode Thornthwaite, metode Hortons, dan metode FJ Mock. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah kampus UPI telah mampu memenuhi kebutuhan pemakaian air oleh warga kampus. Akan tetapi UPI belum mampu optimal dalam pemanenan air akibat pembangunan fasilitas kampus. Sehingga rekomendasi yang di ajukan oleh peneliti adalah pembuatan 962 biopori pada beberapa titik di kampus UPI. Kata Kunci : Keseimbangan Air, Kebutuhan Air, Pemanenan Air As a educational institution, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia has awareness of the water usage with large amounts to supply the needs of its citizens. Besides, the construction of each facilities such as buildings have reduced the water absorption area at UPI. The amount of water usage is became the responsibility of UPI to revert that has been used and to revert that has been lost by the construction of buildings which eliminated absorption area at UPI. The purpose of this study is to calculate the water needs of UPI citizen in a month, calculate the reduction of water harvesting capability due to the closure of lan, examine the water balance between the usage and water harvesting at UPI, recommend efforts to maintain water balance at UPI. The Method that has been used in this research is simple statistics to measure the water needs and used several method for hidrology study such as Thornthwaite methode, Hortons methode, and FJ Mock methode. The results are UPI has been able to meet the needs of water usage. But UPI has not been able to optimaze in water harvesting as a result of the campus facilities construction . So the recommendation that is proposed by the researchers is making 962 biopori in some are at campus. Key words : Water Balanced, water usage, water harvestin

Proposals for the updating of the Algerian marine engineering education and training system

The subject of this paper is to give an overview of the Algerian Maritime Education and Training (MET) system and how to update it. The results of new technological developments in shipboard applications will considerably affect the actual role of the marine engineers. Adjustments in MET of many developed countries have been \u27 made to suit the needs of shipowners to stay competitive internationally. The experience of such MET systems can be used as a guideline to suit the needs of one\u27s country. The marine engineer of the future must possess the required skills and knowledge to be able to operate safely and efficiently the highest automated ships of the future. It is essential that his education and training must be adapted to suit the requirements of new technologies used on board ships. In my paper I have described the actual structure of the Algerian MET system and the training facilities at the Maritime Institute. An emphasis has been put forward on few MET systems adopted in some developed countries. The final section of the paper provides the reader with proposed solutions for the updating of the Marine Engineer Education and Training courses with regard to technological changes and the International requirements

Marketing Intelligence and Big Data: Digital Marketing Techniques on their Way to Becoming Social Engineering Techniques in Marketing

This contribution reviews the vast scope of digital application areas, which shape the digital marketing landscape and coin the present term “marketing intelligence” from a marketing technique point of view. Additionally, marketing intelligence as social engineering techniques are described. The review ranges from digital IT- and big data marketing until marketing 5.0 as digitalized trust marketing. The multiplicity of applications and interdependencies of the digital and social techniques reviewed should show that big data and marketing intelligence have already become a marketing reality. It becomes clear that marketing is witnessing a methodological, technical and cultural paradigm shift that augments and amplifies traditional outbound marketing with inbound marketing

In-situ metrology for electrohydrodynamic inkjet printing towards micro/nano scale hybrid manufacturing

This thesis lays the groundwork for a hybrid manufacturing system, combining laser ablation and electrohydrodynamic inkjet (e-jet) printing. A thorough review of laser ablation of polymers is provided. Trends and issues that arise during the process are noted and information essential to the choice of laser and polymer material is provided. In addition, methods were proposed for the in-process measurement of the E-jet printing system. The first method utilized machine vision and image processing to measure micro filament sizes. These filaments could be measured in real time and later converted into a 3D reconstruction. The second measures the resulted pattern prior to removal from the printing platform. Both of these processed allow for in-process measurements to be conducted which can be used for correction or characterization of the E-jet printing process. Currently, there are no such automated processes. Lastly, the use of a simple scalar diffraction setup to measure particle droplets was investigated. The issues which occurred during this investigation are discussed